Speed Control of Electric Car Using Field Oriented Controlled Switched Reluctance Motor

Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR2444
Speed Control of Electric Car Using Field Oriented

Controlled Switched Reluctance Motor
Moe Moe1 Soe Win2
Electrical Power Engineering Department Electrical Power Engineering Department
Yangon Technological University Yangon Technological University
Yangon, Myanmar Yangon, Myanmar
Abstract:- Nowadays, global warming caused by carbon expensive. Therefore, the switched reluctance machines
emission threatens the lives of human beings and living (SRM) are becoming of great and popular interest in the
organisms. The problem of reducing carbon dioxide recent years [2].
(CO2) has become urgent. Therefore, in the vehicle world,
electric vehicles (EV) are being used instead in order for Nowadays, SRM is a predominant option as a motor
reducing the fuel consumption. The using of electric used for electric cars with the minimum cost and high
motor plays a significant role in the performance of reliability due to its adjustable speed drive system and can be
electric cars. In most recent research, the application of found by the applications in high speed drives. Due to
switched reluctance motor (SRM) can be seen to improve interesting advantages such as the high efficiency, high
the performance of electric cars. Thus, this research reliability, excellent fault-tolerance, and high starting torque
focuses on the testing the performance of SRM. Among in initial accelerations, SRMs are recommended to be a
the many benefits of SRM, torque ripple is a drawback. competitive to other type of special application electrical
For reducing the torque ripple, the closed-loop vector machines. The main disadvantage in SRM includes the high
control is applied to motor control. In this research, field torque ripples [3]. In this paper, for reducing the drawback of
oriented control (FOC) to SRM is used for NEVERA torque ripple, the closed loop vector control as FOC of SRM
TECH EV car. The scenarios for Speed acceleration, for NEVERA TECH EV car is applied. The case study is
deceleration, and torque change are considered for the modeled and the results are analyzed by using
performance analysis using MATLAB/Simulink. MATLAB/Simulink.
Keywords:- Carbon Emission, Electric Vehicles, Field II. CONFIGURATION OF ELECTRIC CAR
Oriented Control, Switched Reluctance Motor, Speed,
Torque. The configuration of the EV is more adaptable than the
configuration of an internal combustion engine (ICE) car
I. INTRODUCTION because of the decreased number of moving parts, such as the
clutch [4]. Fig.1 demonstrated general EV configuration.
Nowadays, electric and hybrid electric vehicles are There are three main subsystems in the drive train: electric
popular products in the market and are accepted motor propulsion, energy source, and auxiliary.
internationally. Despite the growing awareness of the global
warming problem caused by fossil fuel use, they haven’t fully
entered the automobile market yet. The large number of
automobiles used around the world has caused and continues
to cause serious conditions for the environment and human
life. Global warming, air pollution and the rapid shortage of
the earth’s petroleum resources are current problems of
paramount concern.
In recent years, researchers have focused on developing

transportation activities that are highly efficient, clean and
safe. Typically, electric and hybrid cars are proposed to
replace conventional cars in the near future. If they can
provide better performance to the automobile customers, they
will have a dominant position in the automobile market [1].
In electric cars, the synchronous motors are widely used

because they can provide the best performance, in terms of
high torque and power density, high speed capability, wide
speed range, high efficiency and mass saving. However, due
to the high cost of rare-earth magnets and to the limited
supply interior permanent motors are becoming quite Fig 1 General EV Configuration [1]
IJISRT24APR2444 www.ijisrt.com 2478

III. ALGORITHM FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL
 The Step by Step Procedures for FOC Algorithm are as

Follow:
 The ia, ib and ic stator phase currents are measured. Being

balanced condition, the value of ic can be calculated from
measured values of ia and ib as:
ia + ib + ic = 0.
 These three phase currents ia, ib and ic are transformed to

two-axis values iα and iβ. From this conversion, time-
varying quadrature current values iα and iβ are obtained
from the measured current values ia , ib and ic. This Fig 2 Construction of Switched Reluctance Motor
conversion is popularly known as Clarke Transformation.
 Calculate the rotor flux and its orientation. Fig. 2 shows the construction of SRM. SRMs use rotor
 Rotate the two-axis coordinate system such that it is in position switches to energize the phase windings separated in
sequence. The rotor aims to move to the point where there is
alignment with the rotor flux.
the least resistance, which can cause torque. The stator has
 From the calculated transformation angle, the last iteration
concentrated coils. They are suitable for high speed
of control loop can be obtained.
application due to its’ simple and robust configuration, but its
 In this transformation, the id and iq variables are obtained
main drawbacks are torque ripple and noise [5], [6].
from iα and iβ. This step is more commonly known as the
Park Transformation.
V. MODELING OF CASE STUDY
 Flux error signal is generated using reference flux and
estimated flux value. The case study is chosen as NEVERA TECH electric
 A PI controller is then used to calculate i*d using this error car which is shown in Fig.3. It uses four motors for four
signal. wheels. Each of Nevera’s wheels are independently driven by
 i*d and i*q are converted to a set of three phase currents to one dedicated electric motor [7]. In this section, the model of
produce i*a, i*b, i*c. switched reluctance motor used in EV using FOC is
 Finally, the inverter gate signals are generated by constructed using MATLAB/Simulink for performance
comparing the reference currents i*a, i*b, i*c with the analysis according Table. 1 shows the parameters of
measured currents ia, ib, ic by using hysteresis comparator NEVERA TECH EV car.
[4].
IV. SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR
The switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a device that

uses electromagnetic and electrodynamic technology to
convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The
electromagnetic torque is generated by utilizing the variable
reluctance principle.
Fig 3 Four Motor Configuration of NEVERA TECH
Table 1 Parameters of Nevera Tech [7]

Performance
Speed 412 km/h, 258 mph
Output Power 1408 kW/1914 hp
Total Motor Torque 2340 N.m
Front Motor for Front Wheel
No. of Motors 2 Nos/-
Power Output 200 kW/299 h.p
Max Torque 280 N.m
Inverter 800 V, 450 Arms phase current
Rear Motor for Back Wheel
No. of Motor 2 Nos/-

Power Output 480 kW/653 h.p

Max Torque 900 N.m
Inverter Rating 800 V,1000 Arms phase current
Fig 4 Model of FOC-SRM
The wheel speed is 412 km/h. Therefore, it is 2180 rpm Speed deceleration from 7500 rpm to 7000 rpm at 5 sec,
which is assumed to 2200 rpm. In this paper, the front motor and then to 6000 rpm at 10 sec.
is analyzed for front wheels. For front wheel, motor power
(P) is 220 kW and maximum torque is (T) 280 N.m. By  Scenario 3 (Speed Acceleration)
calculation using motor power and maximum torque, its
speed is 7500 rpm. Therefore, gear ratio is chosen as 1:3.5. Tref is 280 N.m.
Fig. 4 illustrates the Simulink model of SRM with FOC. Speed acceleration from 6000 rpm to 7000 rpm at 5 sec,
SRM is supplied with the required AC voltage using a DC- and then to 7500 rpm at 10 sec.
AC converter. Closed-loop control uses feedback from output
speed and stator current to achieve the required speed with  Scenario 4 (Torque Change)
minimal error and minimum torque ripple through FOC.
Nref is 7500 rpm.
VI. SIMULATION AND RESULTS
At stating, torque is 280 N.m. Next, it is changed to 200
The simulation is performed with the following N.m at 5 sec. And then, to 250 N.m at 10 sec.
scenarios. The speed acceleration, speed deceleration and
torque change at speed constant are considered for EV car  Scenario 1 (Normal Condition)
performance in this research. After simulation, the speed result for normal condition
and the torque result for normal condition are shown in Fig. 5
 Scenario 1 (Normal Condition) and Fig.6. In speed curve, the overshoot occurs for 4 secs and
after that, the steady state speed, 7500 rpm, is reached in
Nref is 7500 rpm and Tref is 280 N.m which the torque value rises to 886 N.m during starting
condition and reached to required value after speed
 Scenario 2 (Speed Deceleration) overshoot.
Tref is 280 N.m.

Fig 8 Torque Result for Scenario of Speed Deceleration
Fig 5 Speed Result of Normal Condition According to the analysis of the results, during speed
deceleration at torque constant, the speed can change
smoothly during seconds to the required speed with little
undershoot.
 Scenario 3 (Speed Acceleration)

Scenario 3 takes into account for speed acceleration.
The speed reference is set as 6000 rpm between 0 and 5 sec.
Afterwards, it is raised to 7000 rpm between 5 and 10 sec. It
is finally changed to 7500 rpm after 10 sec. The reference
torque is presumed to be fixed at 280 N.m. The simulation
results for speed curve and torque curve for speed
acceleration are described in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10.
Fig 6 Torque Result of Normal Condition
 Scenario 2 (Speed Deceleration)

The scenario 2 is considered as speed deceleration. The
speed reference is set as 7500 rpm from 0 to 5 sec. And then,
it is changed to 7000 rpm from 5 to 10 sec. Ten second later,
it changes to 6000 rpm. It is assumed that the torque is
constant at 280 N.m. Fig.7 and Fig.8 express the speed and
torque results for scenario of speed deceleration.
Fig 9 Speed Result for Scenario of Speed Acceleration
Fig 7 Speed Result for Scenario of Speed Deceleration

Fig 10 Torque Result for Scenario of Speed Acceleration

As can be seen from the simulation results, during speed VII. CONCLUSION
acceleration at torque constant, the required speed can be
changed smoothly with little transients. In conclusion, the performance of switched reluctance
motor used in NEVERA TECH EV car is described in this
 Scenario 4 (Torque Change) paper. It is evident that the closed-loop field-oriented control
In scenario 4, the condition of the torque change is of SRM is able to handle the situations of speed acceleration,
taken into consideration. Between 0 and 5 secs, the torque speed deceleration and torque changes effectively. It is able
reference is 280 rpm. After 5 to 10 sec, the torque is to reach the desired speed with short transient time and low
increased to 200 rpm. The torque was finally reduced to 250 overshoot and undershoot values. Even in the case of torque
rpm after 10 sec. It is assumed that the reference speed is change, the rated speed can be maintained. In all scenarios,
fixed at 7500 N.m. Fig.11 and Fig.12 expose the speed and FOC also reduces torque ripple. In a nutshell, FOC for SRM
torque results for scenario of torque change. can guarantee smooth performance for EV.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are thankful to the Organization of

International Journal of Innovative Science and Research
Technology (IJISRT).
REFERENCES
[1]. M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, S. Longo and K. Ebrahimi,

“Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell
Vehicles,” Taylor and Francis Group. 2018.
[2]. N. Bianchi, S. Bolognani, E. Carraro, M. Castiello and
E. Fornasiero, “Electric Vehicle Traction based on
Synchronous Reluctance Motors, ” IEEE Transactions
on Industry Applications, TIA.2016.2599850,
November, 2016..
[3]. A. K. Kolluru and M. K. Kumar, “Closed-loop speed
control of switched reluctance motor drive fed from
Fig 11 Speed Result for Scenario of Torque Change novel converter with reduced number of switches,”
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive
System (IJPEDS), Vol.11, No.1, March 2020, 1.
pp189~199.
[4]. Sandeep Goyat 1, Rajesh Kr. Ahuja2. 2012. Speed
Control of Induction Motor Using Vector or Field
Oriented Control. International Journal of Advances
in Engineering & Technology.
[5]. H. E. Hadraoui , M. Zegrari, Ahmed Chebak, O.
Laayati and N. Guennouni, “A Multi-Criteria Analysis
and Trends of Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles,”
World Wide Vehicle Journal, April, 2002.
[6]. https://www.elprocus.com/switched reluctance motor.
[7]. https://www.rimac-automobili.com/nevera/
[8]. Popescu M.. 2000. Induction Motor Modelling for
Vector Control Purposes. Helsinki University of
Technology, Laboratory of Electromechanics, Report.
Espoo. 144 p.
Fig 12 Torque Result for Scenario of Torque Change [9]. Sandeep Goyat 1, Rajesh Kr. Ahuja2. 2012. Speed
Control of Induction Motor Using Vector or Field
Oriented Control. International Journal of Advances in
Engineering & Technology.
[10]. U.Nagabalan, “Switched Reluctance Motor,”
AP/EEE, RMD Engineering College.

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR2444

Speed Control of Electric Car Using Field Oriented

In recent years, researchers have focused on developing

In electric cars, the synchronous motors are widely used

IJISRT24APR2444 www.ijisrt.com 2478

III. ALGORITHM FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL

 The Step by Step Procedures for FOC Algorithm are as

 The ia, ib and ic stator phase currents are measured. Being

 These three phase currents ia, ib and ic are transformed to

IV. SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR

The switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a device that

Fig 3 Four Motor Configuration of NEVERA TECH

Table 1 Parameters of Nevera Tech [7]

IJISRT24APR2444 www.ijisrt.com 2479

Power Output 480 kW/653 h.p

Fig 4 Model of FOC-SRM

Tref is 280 N.m.

IJISRT24APR2444 www.ijisrt.com 2480

Fig 8 Torque Result for Scenario of Speed Deceleration

 Scenario 3 (Speed Acceleration)

Fig 6 Torque Result of Normal Condition

 Scenario 2 (Speed Deceleration)

Fig 9 Speed Result for Scenario of Speed Acceleration

Fig 7 Speed Result for Scenario of Speed Deceleration

IJISRT24APR2444 www.ijisrt.com 2481

The authors are thankful to the Organization of

[1]. M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, S. Longo and K. Ebrahimi,

IJISRT24APR2444 www.ijisrt.com 2482

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