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Animal Classification
 Class-10-Science-Part-2-Chapter-6- Animal Classification

Question 1:

Identify me.
a. I am diploblastic & acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to?
b. My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is present in my
body. I am referred as fish though I am not. What is my name?
c. I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like
body. In which phylum will you include me?
d. Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the
name of my phylum?

Answer:

a. I am from phyllum Cnidaria or Coeleterata

b. I am Star fish/Asterias. I belong to the phyllum Echinodermata.
c. I belong to the phyllum Aschelminthes, name is Ascaris.
d. Phyllum - Porifera.

Question 2:

Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of
classification chart.
Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu, penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish.
Answer:
(1) Bath sponge: Classification

Kingdom Subkingdom Phylum

Animalia Non-chordata Porifera animal
Characters: Bath sponge is a marine round in shape and Blackish in colour. It has
porous and asymmetrical body. It has spongin fibres and spicules which serve as
skeleton. Bath sponges have good water-holding capacity. It is sedentary animal
which is fixed to some substratum in the aquatic environment. Reproduction is by
budding. It also has a good regeneration capacity.
(2) Grasshopper: Classification

Kingdom Subkingdom Phylum Class

Animalia Non-chordata Arthropoda Insecta
Characters: Grasshopper has jointed appendages. There are three pairs of legs
and two pairs of wings. It is a terrestrial insect which is well adapted to the
surrounding environment by showing camouflage. It has chitinous exoskeleton.
The respiration is by tracheae.

(3) Rohu Classification:

Kingdom Phylum Class Sub Class

Animalia Chordata Pisces Teleostei (Bony fish)
Characters: Rohu is a fresh water bony fish. It is a chordate having a vertebral
column, hence included under subphylum vertebrata. The body is well adapted for
aquatic mode of life. The shape of the body is streamlined. The exoskeleton is of
scales. The gills are present which are used for respiration. The endoskeleton is of
bones, hence called bony fish. There are paired fins and a unpaired caudal fin
which is used in steering and changing the direction during swimming.

(4) Penguin Classification:

Kingdom Subkingdom Class

Animalia Chordata Aves
Characters: Penguin is a flightless bird inhabitant of cold snow-clad regions. It
has exoskeleton of feathers. The body is well adapted to survive in cold regions. It
is a warm-blooded bird. The forelimbs are modified into wings. But due to
excessive body weight, the penguins are not seen flying. It can wade in the water
with modified hind limbs.
(5) Frog: Classification

Kingdom Phylum Class

Animalia Chordata Amphibia
Characters: The trog is a true amphibian that can live in water as well as on land.
When on land it respires with the help of lungs while in water it uses its skin for
breathing. It does not have exoskeleton. The skin is soft, slimy and moist. It is
suitably coloured and hence the frog can camouflage in the surroundings. Body is
divisible into head and trunk. Two pairs of limbs are seen. The forelimbs are short
and used for support during locomotion. The hind limbs are long and strong, used
for jumping when on land and for swimming when in water. The eyes are large and
protruding. Since the neck is absent, such eyes help in looking around. The
tympanum is present.

(6) Lizard Classification:

Kingdom Subkingdom Class

Animalia Chordata Reptilia
Characters: The lizard is a cold-blooded reptile The limbs are weak and do not
support the body weight, hence lizard is seen creeping. But the feet are provided
with pads and suckers due to which lizards are well-adapted to climb on the
vertical walls. The exoskeleton has fine scales. The body is divisible into head, neck
and trunk. The capacity to regenerate is developed in lizards, hence it can produce
the lost tail or limbs. The mode of reproduction is egg laying. It feeds on insects
with the help of long and sticky tongue.

(7) Elephant Classification

Kingdom Phylum Class

Animalia Chordata Mammalia terrestrial
 Characters: Herbivorous mammal adapted to survive in hot and humid tropical forests.
It is a mammal and hence shows viviparity and milk secretion. The body is divisible into
head, neck, trunk, and tail. The proboscis is a characteristic feature of the elephant which
is actually modified nose.

(8) Jellyfish: Classification

Kingdom Subkingdom Phylum

Animalia Non-chordata Cnidaria or Coelenterata
Characters: Jellyfish or Aurelia is a coelenterate. Its body is medusa. It appears
as a transparent balloon seen floating in the marine waters. Since it has
appearance like a jelly, it is known commonly as jellyfish. The body is radially
symmetrical and diplosblastic. There are tentacles provided with cnidoblasts or
stinging cells. Tentacles are used for catching the prey. Cnidoblasts are used to
secrete a toxin which paralyses the prey.

Question 3:

Write in brief about progressive changes in animal classification.

Answer:

There were different methods of classification of animals, various scientists

researched and contributed to biological classification. Based on their observations
we have the current system of classification:

 Aristotle (384-322 BC): The first classification method was given by the Greek
philosopher Aristotle. He took into account the criteria like body size, habits
and habitats of the animals. This method was called artificial method of
classification.
 Further due to advances in science the references were changed and there
were some new methods of classification proposed.
  Carolous Linneaus (1707-1778): Also known as father of taxonomy, he
classified living things into two kingdoms- Plantae and Animalia.
 Later, Dobzhansky and Meyer gave the system of classification based on
evolution.
 Robert Whitakker (1920-1980): He gave the five kingdom classification-
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
 Carl Woese (1928-2012): In 1977 Carl Woese gave the three domain system
of classification, where he classified all the organisms into three categories-
Eukarya domain, Bacteria domain and Archae domain.

Question 4:

What is the exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry?

Explain with examples.

Answer:

Grades of organization: The grades of organization mean the way an organism

has different body formation. There are different grades of organization like:

Protoplasmic grade of organization: Unicellular organisms have a single cell in the

body and hence the organization in its body is called protoplasmic grade of
organization. Example amoeba

Cellular grade of organization: Some organisms have only cells in their body
which is called cellular grade of organization. It is a loose aggregation of cells in
which the cells are functionally different from one another. Exapmle- Poriferans

Tissue grade of organization: In this, different cells performing similar functions are
arranged into tissues. Exapmple- Coelenterates .They are said to have cell-tissue
grade organization
Organ grade of organization: Here, different tissues are organized into organs and
each organ is specialized for a particular function. Example- Platyhelminthes
  All other higher animals have organ-system grade organization.
Examples: Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata and
chordates.

Symmetry : Symmetry on the other hand shows the base of the body formation.
The symmetry can be understood by taking an imaginary cut through the animal
body.
Symmetry is a characteristic through which animals may be distinguished from each
other.

Animals that can be divided into two identical halves in one plane exhibit bilateral
symmetry. Most of the animals have bilateral symmetry and hence their organs are
arranged in symmetric way on both the sides. Example Human beings and prawn

Animals that can be divided into many identical parts exhibit radial symmetry. The
imaginary cut passing through the central axis can give more than one equal halves.
The organs of such animals are arranged in a radius of an imaginary circle. e.g
Cnidarians, Hydra and some echinoderms.

Animals that cannot be divided into identical parts are asymmetric. In asymmetric
animals, there is no symmetry in any plane. e.g. Amoeba

Both grades of organization and symmetry are the bases for classifying animals into
different phyla.
Question 5:

Answer in brief.
a. Give scientific classification of shark upto class.

Answer:

The classification of shark is as follows:

Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Sub- phylum- Vertebrata
Class- Pisces
b. Write four distinguishing characters of phylum- Echinodermata.

Answer:

Characteristic features of Echinodermata are:

 Marine organisms are called echinoderms because calcareous spines are

present in the body of these animals.
 Their skeleton is made up of calcareous spines/ossicles (plates).
 They show radial symmetry in adult stage whereas they show bilateral
symmetry in larval stage.
 These animals have the ability of regeneration. Hence the can restore their lost
parts.
 Most of them are unisexual.
 Their locomotion with the helpof tube-feet which are also used for capturing
the prey.
 Example: Starfish, Brittle star

c. Distinguish between butterfly and bat with the help of four distinguishing
properties.
Answer:

.
Butterfly Bat

1. It is classified as Non-chordate It is classified as Chordate

It belongs to the phylum Chordata and

2. It belongs to the phylum Arthropoda.
class mammalia.

3. Their characteristic feature is the Their characteristic feature is the

presence of joint appendages. presence of mammary glands.

Exoskeleton is in the form of hair or

4. It shows the presence of chitinous fur.
 exoskeleton.

5. They are cold blooded organisms. They are warm blooded organisms.

6. Butterfly is diurnal insect (active Bat is nocturnal mammal (active at

during day) night)

d. To which phylum does Cockroach belong? Justify your answer with

scientific reasons.

Answer:

Cockroach belongs to the phylum Arthropoda and class Insecta. It shows all the
features which are a characteristic of this phylum:

 it shows the presence of jointed appendages

 it is triploblastic, coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and segmented
 it has chitinous exoskeleton around its body
 it respires with the help of tracheal system

Question 6:

Give scientific reasons.

a. Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot be included in
class- Amphibia.
Answer:

 Tortoise belongs to the class reptilia and does not show any characteristic
which is similar to the class amphibia except that it can live in both land and
water.

 When tortoise lives on the land, it respires with the help of lungs. When in
water, it keep nares (nasal openings) out of the water and breathesair. It
cannot take up oxygen dissolved in water. In both the habitats it respires with
the help of lungs.
  In case of true amphibians, this is not the case. They can breathe in water with
the help of skin and on land with the help of lungs.

 Tortoise also has exo-skeleton which is lacking in Amphibia.

 Therefore, tortoise cannot be included in class Amphibia.

b. Our body irritates if it comes in contact with jelly fish.

Answer:

 Jelly fish has special cells on its tentacles called cnidoblasts. These cnidoblasts
contain toxins which is a protective mechanism shown by organisms belonging
to the phylum Cnidaria.

 On touching the jelly fish, this toxin is released causing reaction to our skin.
Therefore our body gets irritating when comes in contact with jelly fish.

c. All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
Answer:

 The members of Vertebrata possess notochord during embryonic development.

 Thus, all vertebrates are chordates.

 However, all chordates possess the notochord in some period of their

development and notochord gets replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral
column in the adult.

 Thus, all chordates are not vertebrates.

d. Balanoglossus is connecting link between non-chordates & chordates.

Answer:

Balanoglossus is considered a connecting link between chordates and non chordates

because it shows characteristics which are present in both the phylums. For
example, Balanoglossus shows the presence of notochord and pharyngeal gill slits
which is a characteristic feature of chordates. It also shows the presence of heart
which is dorsal just like non chordates.

e. Body temperature of reptiles in not constant.

Answer:

Reptiles are cold blooded organisms or poikilotherms, which means thermoregulatory

is not present in their bodies Their body temperatures change with the change in the
temperature of the environment. For example, if the outer temperature rises their
body temperature also rises and vice or versa.

Question 7:

Answer the following questions by choosing correct option.

a. Which special cells are present in the body of sponges (Porifera)?

1. Collar cells
2. Cnidoblasts
3. Germ cells
4. Ectodermal cells
Answer:
Collar cells are present in the body of sponges (Porifera).

b. Which of the following animal's body shows bilateral symmetry?

1. Star fish
2. Jelly fish
3. Earthworm
4. Sponge
Answer:
Earthworm shows bilateral symmetry.
c. Which of the following animals can regenerate it’s broken body part?
1. Cockroach
2. Frog
3. Sparrow
4. Star fish
Answer:
Star fish can regenerate it’s broken body part.

d. Bat is included in which class?

1. Amphibia
2. Reptilia
3. Aves
4. Mammalia
Answer:

Bat is included in the class Mammalia.

Question 8:

Complete the following chart.

Body cavity Germ Layer Phylum

Absent ------------- Porifera

Absent Triploblastic -----------

Pseudocoelom ------------- Aschelminthes

Present ------------- Arthropoda

Answer:
Body cavity Germ Layer Phylum

Absent Absent Porifera

Absent Triploblastic Platyhelminthes

Pseudocoelom Triploblastic Aschelminthes

Present Triploblastic Arthropoda

Question 9:

Complete the following chart.

Type Character Example

Cyclostomata
 Gill respiration

Amphibia

Whale

Poikilotherms

Answer:
Type Character Example

Cyclostomata Jaw less mouth Myxine

Pisces Gill respiration Rohu

Aquatic and
Amphibia Frog
aerial respiration

Mammalia Mammary glands Whale

Reptilia Poikilotherms Lizard

Question 10:

Sketch, label and classify

Hydra, Jellyfish, Planaria, Round worm, Butterfly, Earthworm, Octopus, Star

fish, Shark, Frog, Wall lizard, Pigeon.

Answer:

Hydra
Kingdom- Animalia
Division-Non-chordata
Phylum- Coelenterata
Genus- Hydra
Jelly Fish

Kingdom- Animalia
Division-Non-chordata
Phylum- Colenterata

Planaria

Kingdom- Animalia
Division-Non-chordata
Phylum- Platyhelmenthis
Genus- Planaria

Round Worm

Kingdom- Animalia
Division-Non-chordata
Phylum- Aschelminthes
Genus- Ascaris
Butter fly

Kingdom- Animalia
Division-Non-chordata
Phylum- Arthropda
Genus- Rhopalocera
Earth Worm
Kingdom- Animalia
Division-Non-chordata
Phylum- Annelida

Octopus

Kingdom- Animalia
Division-Non-chordata
Phylum- Mollusca
Genus- Octpous

Star Fish

Kingdom- Animalia
Division-Non-chordata
Phylum- Echinodermata
Genus- Asterias
Shark

Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Choradata
Class- Pieces
Genus- Isurus

Frog

Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Class- Amphibia
Genus- Rana

Wall lizard

Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Choradata
Sub-phylum - Vertebrata
Class- Reptilia
Genus- Hemidactylus
Piegon

Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Choradata
Sub-phylum - Vertebrata
Class- Aves
Genus- Columba

Question 11:

Label the following.

Answer:
1. Planaria 2. Scolidon
3. Nereis 4. Jelly fish