Biology – Chapter 3 – Classification of Animals

Invertebrates
Phylum Name Features Examples
Phylum Porifera  Aquatic animals that are mostly Sycon (a sponge)
marine (found in sea).
 Non-motile or sedentary, fixed to
bottom of the water body.
 Many pores on their body in which
water and food are drawn into.
 Canal system to pass the waste
products out.
 Cellular level of organization.
Phylum Coelenterata  Aquatic animals (mostly marine). 1. Hydra
Or Phylum Cnidaria  Finger-like structures for swimming 2. Sea anemone
called tentacles around their one 3. Obelia
opening as mouth to catch prey. 4. Jellyfish
 Sac-like almost translucent body.
Phylum  Thin and ribbon-flat bodies. 1. Liver fluke

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 Platyhelminthes  Hooks and suckers are present around 2. Tapeworm
their mouth.
 Flatworms that mostly live inside.
other animals (hosts) as parasites.
Phylum Nematoda  Cylindrical, unsegmented bodies. 1. Ascaris
Aschelminthes  Parasitic worms living inside human 2. Filarial worm
bodies (mostly in their intestines) 3. Hookworm
causing various diseases. Example:
Filarial worm causes elephantiasis.
Phylum Annelida  Soft and segmented bodies forming 1. Leeches
rings. 2. Earthworms
 Move using bristle-like chaetae.
 Breathe through soft, moist body wall.
 Have special organs called nephridia
for excretion.

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Phylum Arthropoda  Arthro – joint, poda – legs/feet 1. Crab (Crustacea)
 Have simple and compound eyes. 2. Shrimp (Crustacea)
 Body divided into three parts: a. head 3. Prawn (Crustacea)
b. thorax c. abdomen 4. Ladybug (Insecta)
 Paired appendages 5. Cockroach (Insecta)
 Have tough outer body covering 6. Aedes/ Culex/
(exoskeleton). Anopheles/mosquitoes
(Insecta)
 Class Insecta: Has 6 legs. Have
7. Honey bee (Insecta)
antennae.
8. Limulus (Crustacea)
 Class Arachnida: Have 8 legs.
9. Centipede (Myriapoda)
 Class Crustacea: Has 10 legs. Head
10. Millipede (Myriapoda)
and thorax fused together.
11. Spider (Arachnida)
 Class Myriapoda: Has more than 10 12. Scorpion (Arachnida)
legs. Each segment has more than 1 or 13. Silk moth (Insecta)
2 legs.
Phylum Mollusca  Do not have appendages. 1. Snail
 Soft and unsegmented bodies. 2. Pearl oyster
 Move with muscular feet. 3. Squid
 Body is enclosed by a shell. 4. Octopus

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 Phylum  Mostly marine (found in seas). 1. Sea urchin
Echinodermata  Move with tube feet. 2. Starfish
 Rough and spiny bodies. 3. Sea cucumber
 Body not distinct into head, body and
tail.

Vertebrates (Phylum Chordata)

Class Name Features Examples

Class Pisces  Aquatic animals. 1. Catla
 Body is covered with scales and 2. Rohu
also have fins. 3. Dogfish
 Cold-blooded animals. 4. Stingray
 Dissolved oxygen is breathed 5. Electric ray
through organs called gills. 6. Trout
 Streamlined body which helps
them to swim in water easily.

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Class Amphibia  Animals that are adapted to live 1. Toad
on land as well as water. 2. Frog
 Breathe through lungs and skin. 3. Salamander
 Cold-blooded animals.
 Do not possess exoskeleton.
 Most lay their eggs in water.
 Have webbed-feet.
 Body is covered by slimy, moist
and slippery skin.
Class Reptilia  Animals that creep or crawl. 1. Lizard
 Breathe through lungs. 2. Turtle
 Cold-blooded animals. 3. Tortoise
 Dry, cornified skin without skin 4. Snake
glands are one of the important 5. Crocodile
characteristics of reptiles.
 They lay their eggs on land.
 Mostly terrestrial animals, though
few may live in water too.
Class Aves  Animals with wings and are 1. Penguin

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 adapted for flight. 2. Peacock
 Breathe through lungs. 3. Pigeon
 Claws on their toes. 4. Parrot
 Do not have thick bones but (The 4P’s)
instead have thin and hollow 5. Ostrich
bones to keep their body light so 6. Sparrow
that they can fly easily. 7. Crow
 Warm-blooded animals.
 Lay eggs with hard shells.
 Jaws modified into beaks.
 Bear scales only on legs.
 Forelimbs are modified into wings
to fly.
 Body is covered with feathers.
 Have a streamlined body to make
it fly easily.

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Class Mammalia  Animals that feed their young 1. Platypus
ones with milk as they have 2. Bat
mammary glands. 3. Whale
 Breathe through lungs. 4. Dolphin
 Covers its body with hair or fur 5. Echidna
naturally to keep itself warm and 6. Kangaroo
to protect itself. 7. Camel
 Does not usually lay eggs except 8. Lion
echidna and platypus. 9. Dog
 Have a four-chambered heart. 10. Cat
11. Humans
 Most give birth to young ones.
12. Monkey
 Mostly terrestrial.
13. Orangutan
 Usually have four limbs and some
14. Elephant
have a tail too.
 Warm-blooded animals.

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Symmetry for Phylums:
1. Phylum Porifera: bilaterally
2. Phylum Coelenterata: radially
3. Phylum Platyhelminthes: bilaterally (dorsal-ventral symmetry)
4. Phylum Nematoda Aschelminthes: bilaterally
5. Phylum Annelida: bilaterally
6. Phylum Arthropoda: bilaterally
7. Phylum Mollusca: bilaterally
8. Phylum Echinodermata: radially
9. Class Pisces: bilaterally
10. Class Amphibia: bilaterally
11. Class Reptilia: bilaterally
12. Class Aves: bilaterally
13. Class Mammalia: bilaterally

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