Module 2.3 Block Shear

PSD 323: Principles of Steel Design
MODULE 2.3: BLOCK SHEAR

OBJECTIVE:
The students are expected to familiarize the formula’s, principles and concepts used in
Design of Tension members considering Block Shear mode of Failure using Load and
Resistance Factor Design and Allowable Strength Design.
INTRODUCTION:
BLOCK SHEAR
The failure of a tension member may occur along a path involving both tension in parallel and
shear on a perpendicular to the applied load as shown in figure below, where several possible
block shear failures are illustrated. For these situations, it is possible for a “block” of steel to tear
out.
In any type of connection, numerous different paths of block shear failure can occur. In figure (a), it
shown a typical 2 plate lap in bolted/riveted connection and figure (b), (c) and (d) is the possible mode
of block shear failure.
NSCP 2015 – 510.4.1

STRENGTH OF ELEMENTS IN TENSION
The design strength, ϕRn, and the allowable strength, Rn/Ω, of affected and connecting
elements loaded in tension shall be the lower value obtained according to the limit state of
tensile yielding and tensile rupture.
1. For tensile yielding of connecting elements:
𝑹𝒏 = 𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒈
𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫: 𝝓 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 𝑨𝑺𝑫: 𝜴 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕
2. For tensile rupture of connecting elements:

𝑹𝒏 = 𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒆
𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫: 𝝓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝑨𝑺𝑫: 𝜴 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎
Page 1 of 8
NSCP 2015 – 510.4.2
STRENGTH OF ELEMENTS IN SHEAR
The available shear yield strength of affected and connecting elements in shear shall be lower
value obtained according to the limit states of shear yielding and shear rupture:
1. For shear yielding of connecting elements:
𝑹𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒈
𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫: 𝝓 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 𝑨𝑺𝑫: 𝜴 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎
2. For shear rupture of connecting elements:

𝑹𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒏𝒗
𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫: 𝝓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝑨𝑺𝑫: 𝜴 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝒏𝒗 = 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑚𝑚2
NSCP 2015 – 510.4.3

BLOCK SHEAR STRENGTH
The available strength for the limit state of block shear rupture along a shear failure path or path(s)
and a perpendicular tension failure path shall be taken as:
𝑹𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒏𝒗 + 𝑼𝒃𝒔 𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒏𝒕 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒈𝒗 + 𝑼𝒃𝒔 𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒏𝒕
𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫: 𝝓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝑨𝑺𝑫: 𝜴 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝒈𝒗 = 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚2
𝑨𝒏𝒕 = 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚2

𝑨𝒏𝒗 = 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚2
𝑼𝒃𝒔 = 𝟏 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚,
𝑼𝒃𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
Page 2 of 8
EXAMPLE #1: The L152 x 102 x 12.7 angle section is connected at its ends with one line of 22-
mm diameter bolt (hole = 24 mm) as shown in figure below. All steel is A572 Grade 50 Steel with
Fy = 345 MPa and Fu = 450 MPa. Determine The LRFD block shear rupture strength and ASD
Allowable block shear strength of the member. Cross-section area of the angle = 3060 mm2.
Centroid of the angle are 21.90 mm and 50.30 mm.
SOLUTION:
Properties of L 152 x 102 x 12.7
Area, A = 3060 mm2
Thickness, t = 12.70 mm
Location from the centroid:
From the long leg = 21.90 mm
From the short leg = 50.30 mm
Fy = 345 MPa
Fu = 450 MPa
dh = 24 mm
de = 26 mm
Projected Block Shear Failure:
Net tension area

26
𝐴𝑛𝑡 = (70 − ) (12.7) = 723.9 𝑚𝑚2
2
Net shear Area
𝐴𝑛𝑣 = ((50 + 3(70)) − 3.5(26) )(12.7) = 2146.3 𝑚𝑚2
Gross shear Area
𝐴𝑔𝑣 = (50 + 3(70) )(12.7) = 3302 𝑚𝑚2
𝑈𝑏𝑠 = 1.0 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚.

𝑹𝒏𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒏𝒗 + 𝑼𝒃𝒔 𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒏𝒕
1
𝑅𝑛1 = (0.6(450)(2146.3) + (1)(450)(723.9)) = 905.41 𝑘𝑁
1000
Page 3 of 8
𝑹𝒏𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒈𝒗 + 𝑼𝒃𝒔 𝑭𝒖 𝑨𝒏𝒕
1
𝑅𝑛1 = (0.6(345)(3302) + (1)(450)(723.9)) = 1009.27 𝑘𝑁
1000
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑹𝒏 = 𝑹𝒏𝟏 ≤ 𝑹𝒏𝟐

𝑅𝑛 = 905.41 𝑘𝑁 < 1009.27𝑘𝑁
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑅𝑛 = 905.41 𝑘𝑁
𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫: 𝝓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
𝑅𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜙𝑅𝑛
𝑅𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.75)(905.41) = 𝟔𝟕𝟖. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑵 ← 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓
𝑨𝑺𝑫: 𝛀 = 𝟐. 𝟎
𝑅𝑛
𝑅𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
Ω
905.41
𝑅𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 𝟒𝟓𝟐. 𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑵 ← 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓
2
Page 4 of 8
EXAMPLE #2: Determine the LRFD Design block shear strength and ASD Allowable block shear
strength of the welded connection as shown below. All steel is A36 steel (Fy = 250 MPa and Fu =
400 MPa)
SOLUTION:
Net tension area

𝐴𝑛𝑡 = (250)(10) = 2500 𝑚𝑚2
Net shear Area
𝐴𝑛𝑣 = 2 (100)(10) = 2000 𝑚𝑚2
Gross shear Area
𝐴𝑔𝑣 = 2 (100)(10) = 2000 𝑚𝑚2

1
𝑅𝑛1 = (0.6(400)(2000) + (1)(400)(2500)) = 1480 𝑘𝑁
1000
1
𝑅𝑛1 = (0.6(250)(2000) + (1)(400)(2500)) = 1300 𝑘𝑁
1000

𝑅𝑛 = 1480𝑘𝑁 > 1300𝑘𝑁
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑅𝑛 = 1300 𝑘𝑁
𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫: 𝝓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
𝑅𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.75)(1300) = 𝟗𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ← 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓
𝑨𝑺𝑫: 𝛀 = 𝟐. 𝟎
𝑅𝑛
Ω
1300
𝑅𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 𝟔𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 ← 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓
2
Page 5 of 8
EXAMPLE #3: Determine the LRFD Design block shear strength and ASD Allowable block shear
strength of the W300 x 60 section as shown below. Hole Diameter is 27 mm. All steel is A36 steel
(Fy = 250 MPa and Fu = 400 MPa). Flange thickness is equal to 13.1 mm.
SOLUTION:
Effective diameter of hole, de = 27 + 2mm = 29 mm

Net tension area
29
𝐴𝑛𝑡 = 4 𝑥 (50 − ) (13.1) = 1860.2 𝑚𝑚2
2
Net shear Area
𝐴𝑛𝑣 = 4 𝑥 [(50 + 2(80)) − 2.5(29)](13.1) = 7205 𝑚𝑚2
Gross shear Area
𝐴𝑔𝑣 = 4 𝑥 (50 + 2(80) )(13.1) = 11004 𝑚𝑚2

1
𝑅𝑛1 = (0.6(400)(7205) + (1)(400)(1860.2)) = 2473.28 𝑘𝑁
1000
1
𝑅𝑛1 = (0.6(250)(11004) + (1)(400)(1860.2)) = 2394.68 𝑘𝑁
1000
Page 6 of 8
𝑅𝑛 = 2473.28 𝑘𝑁 > 2394.68 𝑘𝑁
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑅𝑛 = 2394.68 𝑘𝑁
𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫: 𝝓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
𝑅𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.75)(2394.68 𝑘𝑁) = 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟔. 𝟎𝟏 𝒌𝑵 ← 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓
𝑨𝑺𝑫: 𝛀 = 𝟐. 𝟎
𝑅𝑛
Ω
2394.68 𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑵 ← 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓
2
Page 7 of 8
ACTIVITY
The C250 x 30 angle section is connected at its ends with of 22-mm diameter bolt (hole = 24 mm)
as shown in figure below. All steel is A36 Steel with Fy = 250 MPa and Fu = 400 MPa. Determine
the LRFD block shear rupture strength and ASD Allowable block shear strength of the member.
Page 8 of 8

Module 2.3 Block Shear

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Module 2.3 Block Shear

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PSD 323: Principles of Steel Design

MODULE 2.3: BLOCK SHEAR

NSCP 2015 – 510.4.1

2. For tensile rupture of connecting elements:

2. For shear rupture of connecting elements:

NSCP 2015 – 510.4.3

𝑨𝒏𝒕 = 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚2

Projected Block Shear Failure:

Net tension area

𝑈𝑏𝑠 = 1.0 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚.

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑹𝒏 = 𝑹𝒏𝟏 ≤ 𝑹𝒏𝟐

Net tension area

𝑈𝑏𝑠 = 1.0 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚.

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑹𝒏 = 𝑹𝒏𝟏 ≤ 𝑹𝒏𝟐

Effective diameter of hole, de = 27 + 2mm = 29 mm

𝑈𝑏𝑠 = 1.0 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚.

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