Code of Practice On Fusing

Document Reference:- IMP/001/921 Document Type:- Code of Practice
Version:- 3.0 Date of Issue:- July 2022 Page 1 of 63
IMP/001/921 - Code of Practice on Fusing

1. Purpose
The purpose of this document is to provide standard fuse data for the application of fuses on the distribution systems of
Northern Powergrid.
This document supersedes the following documents, all copies of which should be withdrawn from circulation.
Reference Version Date Title

IMP/001/921 2.0 August 2021 Code of Practice on Fusing
2. Scope
This document applies to:
• The protection by fuses of High Voltage (HV) overhead lines, HV to LV distribution transformers and Low Voltage
(LV) circuits;
• The LV and HV systems of Northern Powergrid Northeast and Northern Powergrid Yorkshire;
• All HV or LV distribution system development including, new connections, system reinforcement and asset
replacement; and
• Situations where the fuse or Auto Sectionalising Links (ASL) needs to be installed or replaced.
This document describes the application and selection of fuses, and it should be read in conjunction with the following
Codes of Practice:
• IMP/001/911 - Code of Practice for Economic Development of the LV System; and
• IMP/001/912 - Code of Practice for Economic Development of the HV System.
Information Classification – PUBLIC

CAUTION! – This document may be out of date if printed
2.1. Table of Contents
1. Purpose ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
2. Scope ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
2.1. Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................. 2
2.2. List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
3. Policy ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
3.1. HV Fuses ............................................................................................................................................................... 6
Protection of Distribution Transformers .............................................................................................................. 6
Transformers Protected By HV Drop Out Expulsion Fuses (DOEF) ...................................................................... 7
Current Limiting Fuse Links ................................................................................................................................ 11
Automatic Sectionalising Links (ASL) .................................................................................................................. 12
3.2. LV Fuses.............................................................................................................................................................. 12
LV Substation Fuse ............................................................................................................................................. 14
LV Earth Loop Impedance (ELI) .......................................................................................................................... 15
Positioning of Section Fuses ............................................................................................................................... 15
Discrimination Between Fuse in Series .............................................................................................................. 16
Low Voltage Domestic Fuse-Links ...................................................................................................................... 16
Low Voltage Street Lighting Fuse-Links .............................................................................................................. 16
4. References .................................................................................................................................................. 25
4.1. External Documentation .................................................................................................................................... 25
4.2. Internal Documentation ..................................................................................................................................... 25
4.3. Amendments from Previous Version ................................................................................................................. 25
5. Definitions .................................................................................................................................................. 26
5.1. Glossary .............................................................................................................................................................. 26
5.2. Description ......................................................................................................................................................... 26
6. Authority for Issue ...................................................................................................................................... 28

6.1. CDS assurance .................................................................................................................................................... 28
6.2. Author ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
6.3. Technical Assurance ........................................................................................................................................... 28
6.4. Authorisation ..................................................................................................................................................... 28
Appendix 1 – Schedule of Items ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Appendix 2: Selection of HV Fuse-Links with HV/LV Discrimination ............................................................................... 33
Appendix 3: Reasonably Practical Review for LV Fusing ................................................................................................. 35
Appendix 4: HV Fuse Fault Level Ratings........................................................................................................................ 36

Appendix 5: Auto Sectionalising Link Application .......................................................................................................... 37
Appendix 6: HV Circuits affected by Fault Level ............................................................................................................. 39
Appendix 7: Fuse Elements for 11kV and 20kV Fuse Units ............................................................................................. 40
Appendix 8: Time-Current Characteristics of HV Expulsion Fuse-Links ........................................................................... 41
Appendix 9: Time-Current Characteristics of LV fuses .................................................................................................... 42
Appendix 10: I2t Characteristics of LV Fuses ................................................................................................................... 43
Appendix 11: Cut-Off Current Characteristics of LV Fuses .............................................................................................. 44
Appendix 12: Expulsions Fuse-Link Ratings .................................................................................................................... 45
Appendix 13: Fuse Rating for Overcurrent Protection on GM Network Transformer with TLF Fuse-Links (Legacy) ........ 47
Appendix 14: Network Transformers Controlled By Switch Fuses (Legacy) 25 ................................................................. 55
Appendix 15: HV Fuse-Links for Network Transformers with Maximum LV Distributor Fuse Rating (Legacy) 25 .............. 60
Appendix 16: Time Limit Fuses (Legacy)25 ...................................................................................................................... 63

2.2. List of Tables

Table 1: Fusing and Capacity Values for Greater Than 139kVA ....................................................................................................14
Table 2: Fuse Rating for Overcurrent Protection on GM Network Transformer with Time Limit Fuses .....................................17
Table 3: Fuse Rating for Earth Fault Protection on GM Circuit Breaker with HV Time Limit Fuses .............................................17
Table 4: Expulsions Fuse-Link Ratings for Various 11kV and 20kV Pole Mounted Transformers ...............................................18
Table 5: Fuse-Link Ratings for Various 11kV and 20kV Pad Mounted Transformers ..................................................................19
Table 6: List of Auto Sectionaliser Links ........................................................................................................................................20
Table 7: Time Current-Characteristics for J Type Electricity Supply Distribution Fuse-Links, System I (LAWSON Fuses) ...........20
Table 8: Maximum Earth Loop Impedance Values at the End of Single-Phase Services..............................................................21
Table 9: Maximum Loop Impedance Values .................................................................................................................................21
Table 10: Maximum Length of WNE Cable for Fusing In 30 Seconds for Different LV Fuse Rating .............................................22
Table 11: Fuse-Link Ratings for LV Overhead Line Conductor ......................................................................................................23
Table 12: Fuse-Link Ratings for LV Underground Cable ...............................................................................................................24
Table 13: HV Non-Current Limiting Fuses in Oil ............................................................................................................................29
Table 14: HV Non-Current Limiting Fuses in Air ............................................................................................................................29
Table 15: HV Expulsion Fuse-Links .................................................................................................................................................29
Table 16: HV DIN Type Fuse-Links .................................................................................................................................................30
Table 17: LV Fuse-Links – “J” Type Cylindrical ...............................................................................................................................30
Table 18: Domestic Fuse Links .......................................................................................................................................................30
Table 19: Street Lighting Fuse-Links ..............................................................................................................................................31
Table 20: LV Industrial Fuse-Links..................................................................................................................................................31
Table 21: HV – Time Limit Fuse ......................................................................................................................................................31
Table 22: Current Limiting Fuses for Dropout Expulsion Fuses on Overhead Lines .....................................................................32
Table 23: Chemical Actuator (for Cooper Bussmann Automatic Sectionaliser Link) ...................................................................32
Table 24: Replacement Fuse for REZAP .........................................................................................................................................32
Table 25: Fusing and Capacity Values ............................................................................................................................................35
Table 26: HV Fuse Current and Fault Level ratings .......................................................................................................................36
Table 27: Table showing ASL continuous current ratings and associated actuating currents .....................................................37
Table 28: Expulsions Fuse-Link Ratings for Various 11kV Pole Mounted Transformers ..............................................................45
Table 29: Expulsions Fuse-Link Ratings for Various 20kV Pole Mounted Transformers ..............................................................46
Table 30: 1600kVA Transformer Time Fuse Overcurrent (Legacy) 25 ............................................................................................47
Table 31: 1250kVA Transformer Time Fuse Overcurrent (Legacy) 25 ............................................................................................48
Table 32: 1000kVA Transformer Time Fuse Overcurrent (Legacy)25 ............................................................................................49
Table 33: 800kVA Transformer Time Fuse Overcurrent (Legacy) 25...............................................................................................50

Table 37: 300kVA Transformer Time Fuse Overcurrent (Legacy)25...............................................................................................54

Table 38: HV Fuse-Links for 20kV Transformers (Legacy)25 ..........................................................................................................60
Table 39: HV Fuse-Links for 11kV Transformers (Legacy)25 ..........................................................................................................61
Table 40: HV Fuse-Links for 5kV - 6.6kV Transformers (Legacy)25 26 .............................................................................................62
Table 41: Tin Overcurrent Time Fuses (Legacy)25 ..........................................................................................................................63
Table 42: Switchgear and Cowan Overcurrent Time Fuses (Legacy)25 .........................................................................................63

3. Policy
This section provides the maximum ratings of various fuse types and states the principles governing the selection of fuse
ratings. For information relating to the availability of fuse type and their corresponding commodity code, refer to
Appendix 1.
3.1. HV Fuses
HV fuses are a cost effective way of protecting overhead lines, cables and transformers.
• Pole Mounted (PM) transformers supplied from either underground or overhead networks can be
protected using HV expulsion fuses or current limiting fuses.
• Ground Mounted (GM) distribution transformers can be protected by HV circuit breakers with TLF fuses or
PM HV expulsion fuses.
Notes:
HV switch fuse protection (discussed in Appendix 14) and Fused Cable End Boxes are legacy type items of plant
which shall no longer be used to protect GM distribution transformers.
Automatic Sectionalising Links can be used in conjunction with pole mounted auto recloser (PMAR) for transient
fault segregation and protection of HV overhead lines.
Protection of Distribution Transformers

Where the HV fuse option is used, it shall normally be required to protect both the distribution transformer
and the connection between the transformer LV terminals and the LV substation fuses. As such the HV
protection must have a sufficient time delay to allow for protective discrimination with LV substation fuses for
faults on the LV circuit. In the case of PM substations where the LV conductors and fuses are arranged in
accordance with modern practice1, it is not considered essential that the HV fuses protecting the transformer
should operate for all LV faults. Under these conditions, considerations of HV/LV discrimination should
determine the current rating of the HV fuse, subject to a minimum value depending on the type of fuse. This
minimum current rating has been selected in order to reduce the possibility of premature failure of fuse
elements. The HV/LV fuse selection theory is outlined in Appendix 2. PM fuses controlling a ground mounted
(GM) substation must be selected to operate for three phase faults in the transformer LV terminal zone within
1 sec2.
Time limit fuses (TLF) are utilised in conjunction with circuit breaker type ring main units to provide a cost
effective and reliable method of providing fault protection for three phase faults on a standard three phase
transformers in the range of 315kVA to 1500kVA3. In this arrangement the time limit fuse link is shunted with a
trip coil which is supplied from the protection current transformer. In the event of a fault, the fuse ruptures
and the fault current is diverted through the trip coils, which in turn trip the circuit breaker. It should be noted
that the TLF protection system is not a device for limiting overload levels of individual transformers as such it
should be used for fault protection only.
TLF fuses for HV transformer protection are specified in accordance with ENATS 12-6. The maximum
overcurrent TLF fuse/CT combinations to be employed on HV circuit breakers for transformers of standard
ratings and voltages are given in Table 2. TLF fuse ratings will clear phase to phase and phase to earth faults
1This refers to the use of double insulated transformer LV tails that provide a more robust form of protection as opposed to some legacy single insulated
variants. With double insulated LV tails, each layer provides a separate function of electrical and mechanical protection thus reducing the risk of faults in the
LV Zone. It could also be said that overall fault risk close to the transformer LV zone would be protected still further by the use of ABC LV network conductors
as opposed to legacy open wire network conductors.
2 Clearance time of 1sec for three phase faults is reasoned in ACE Report, No.86
3 Three phase 1600kVA distribution transformer will be protected by relays.

within the LV terminal zone in less than 5sec4 and will discriminate with the respective LV distribution fuses up
to the rating shown in Table 2. The TLFs legacy table of O.551 for different CT ratios, system voltage and
transformer rating is provided on the Table 30 to Table 37 of Appendix 13 as information for existing sites. The
use of TLF fuse ratings in excess of those provided in Table 2 for new sites and Table 30 to Table 37 for existing
sites is not permitted as this may result in the LV terminal zone being unprotected. Care must also be given to
ensure that the use of LV substation fuses rated in excess of those given in the tables mentioned above will not
result in a failure of HV/LV discrimination.
For modern switchgear with limited CT ratio options, separate ratings for non-re-wireable cartridge type TLF
fuses are provided in Table 2. Separate current ratings are given in Table 41 and Table 42 of Appendix 16 for
the two types of TLF fuses in use i.e. the non-re-wireable cartridge type time fuses designed in accordance with
ENATS 12-6 and provided for switchgear, e.g. GEC Type XF or the re-wireable pure tin time fuses of twisted
wire construction, e.g. Reyrolle pattern, with which many older circuit breakers are equipped. Table 41 gives
the size of pure tin fuse wire used in re-wireable type time fuses and Table 42 gives the ratings of Switchgear
and Cowans (GEC Switchgear Ltd) time fuses equivalent to the tin time fuses given in Table 30 to Table 37.
The time limit fuse ratings shown in Table 30 to Table 37 are suitable for positions on the system where the HV
fault level exceeds 40MVA. Below this level, however, the specified settings may not permit the clearance of
some LV phase to phase faults, when standard two pole overcurrent and earth fault protection is used on the
HV circuit breaker. Northern Powergrid protection staff should be consulted regarding the rating of
overcurrent TLF fuses to be used whenever the HV fault level is less than 40MVA or whenever transformers or
CTs having ratings not included in this document are to be employed.
Transformers Protected By HV Drop Out Expulsion Fuses (DOEF)

Pole mounted drop out expulsion fuses (DOEF) are used to protect HV overhead line circuits as well as PM and
GM distribution transformers whilst also providing a means of isolation for operational purposes. DOEFs
consist of a back portion/fuse mount which is mounted onto the pole which can accommodate either fuse
tubes containing fuse-links, solid links or automatic sectionalising links (ASLs). When choosing a fuse-link or
ASL, it is important that the fuse be properly coordinated with other protective devices located upstream and
downstream.
HV expulsion fuses can be used to protect the spur, small section conductors on spurs and tee connection to
substations. Refer to the tables on the Economic Development of HV policy IMP/001/912 which shows the
appropriate protection and/or isolation to be used for the HV systems in the two license areas. Existing sites
fitted with solid links shall be reviewed when work is carried out at the site to determine if any particular site
specific risks warrant local protection with Drop Out Expulsion Fuse (DOEF) rather than protection via remote
group fuse/solid links. Where multiple existing PM transformers are connected via solid jumper connections
onto a group protected tee, it shall always be possible to achieve HV isolation to any individual PM transformer
without the need to cut jumpers. In most cases, this may require the installation of local HV isolation via the
installation of fuse mounts fitted with solid links.
Expulsion fuse-links are housed within the fuse carriers/tubes which are installed into the fixed contacts of the
DOEF back potion/fuse mount using insulated rods from the ground level. DOEF are designed such that
rupturing of the fuse link inside the tube will cause the upper contact of the unit to disengage from the upper
fixed contact of the fuse mount. This then allows the fuse carrier to pivot under the influence of gravity, to a
horizontal axis on the lower fixed contact of the fuse mount and come to rest hanging vertically from the lower
fixed contact of the fuse mount. The current design of expulsion fuse-links are required to be interchangeable
with legacy manufacturers DOEF mounts hence now referred to as a Universal fuse-links. The fuse link has a
tail at each end when installed in porcelain J&P fuse tubes, with one end being removable when fitted within a
Linegear or Pfisterer composite tube. On these units, the fuse link is attached via a ¼” UNF screw thread at one
end and tail at the other to an arc shorting rod.
4 ENATS 12-6 provides 5sec as the maximum operating time of TLF fuse-links for phase to neutral fault in secondary terminal zone.

Table 4 provides the recommended rating and stock commodity code of fuse-Links to be employed in the
range of PM transformers.
Where distribution networks have expulsion fuse-links in series on the same HV circuit, upstream and
downstream expulsion fuse-links needs to be coordinated otherwise they will potentially operate at the same
time. The time-current characteristics of expulsion fuse-links are “Type T” which complies with ANSI C 37-42
requirement for slow-blowing T characteristics. The time current characteristics curve of the fuses showing the
pre-arcing time and prospective current shall be within ±20% as per BS 2692-2:1956. These are applicable
provided the HV fault level is not less than 20MVA. For pole mounted substations a minimum fuse size of 25A
has been selected on the assumption that normal construction will be such as to minimise the risk of faults
developing between transformer LV terminal and the HV fuse.
Expulsion fuses shall be selected to ensure the discrimination with LV fuses for the most onerous LV fault
condition. In the case of GM transformer, the HV fuse rating has been selected using similar criteria to those in
ENATS 12-8, the exception being that the allowable clearance time for three phase LV terminal zone faults has
been set at 1.0 second in ENATS 12-8. This is necessary in order to achieve co-ordination with a reasonable size
LV fuse and can be justified on the basis of the less steep characteristic compared to the ENATS 12-8 fuses. This
characteristic will ensure that reasonable clearance times are achieved for phase to earth terminal zone faults
and other faults which may be of a more restricted value. Where the fault level is less than 20MVA, a lower
fuse than shown in

Table 4 may be required. In this instance, the fuse size should be chosen to give a clearance time of less than 3
seconds for a three phase fault on the LV busbars. The fault current should be calculated using the true HV
source impedance assuming an X/R ratio of 1.0 and the transformer impedance. The current calculated should
be further reduced by a factor of 0.6 to cater for arc impedance. In all instances and particularly where the HV
fault level is less than 20MVA, the LV cable between the transformer and the LV board should be kept to a
minimum and providing its length is less than 10m its impedance can be neglected.
Where protection is adopted for OH line spur with expulsion fuses in accordance with IMP/001/912, the rating
of the group fuse should be determined by adding together the rated full load current of the individual
transformers, taking care to allocate the currents to the appropriate phase where single phase transformers
are connected to three phase lines. The highest of the resulting phase currents is then divided by a factor of
1.5 to take account of the diversity of the feeder load.

Table 4 should be used to ensure that the group fuse selected is not less than the rating required for the
largest transformer in the group. The maximum rating of fuses used on the overhead system will normally be
less than 50A. The same method is utilised to determine the sectionaliser rating and expulsion fuses for the
protection of small conductor sections on spurs which is covered in Appendix 5.
Where triggered spark gaps (TSG) are designed into an overhead network to create a co-ordinated protection
policy, then in accordance with IMP/007/011, upstream HV fuses shall be removed and replaced with ASLs as
the operation of a TSG creates a temporary earth fault on the system which may result in incorrect operation
of a standard fuse-link. Note - HV fuses cannot be replaced with ASL if sections of small section conductor are
being protected from the fuses.

Table 4 provides fuse ratings for pole mounted transformers up to 315kVA however it is not possible to protect
the standard LV cable for transformer sizes above 315kVA at 11kV and 500kVA at 20kV. The larger
transformers also increase the risk of ferroresonance which can occur under light load conditions during faults,
switching or hot line working when the transformers may be fed via one or two phases only. The probability of
the phenomena occurring is greatly increased by the presence of cable between the fuse and the transformer.
For these reasons the protection of these large transformers by overhead fuses should be avoided where
possible, air break switch disconnector (ABSD) or pole mounted reclosers being acceptable alternatives.
Current Limiting Fuse Links

The overhead current- limiting drop out fuse is designed to be mounted in interchangeable and open
distribution cut-outs and is similar to DOEF fuse but operates silently and is totally self-contained within the
fuse housing. In addition, the expulsive shower due to the release of exhaust gases, molten metal and fuse link
fragments during fuse operation is eliminated.
The current-limiting fuse provides overload protection, noiseless interruption, no expulsion violence, current-
limiting action and very high current interrupting capability. It operates to clear both low and high fault
currents quickly and limits current and energy let-through levels during the fault clearance. The fuse element
construction consists of two separate sections (low-current section and high-current section) which are self-
contained within the same housing. The low-current section provides consistent, reliable clearing of all
currents high enough to melt the element. The high-current section is a punched-hole ribbon design capable of
controlling the peak arc voltage level and limits both current and energy let-through (I2t) levels during high-
current fault clearing operations. The fuse is designed to provide a fault interrupting breaking capacity of 43kA
rms symmetrical. The reduced amount of energy that is passed into the circuit after a fault occurs prevents the
damage of apparatus especially in the areas where the system fault current exceeds the maximum interrupting
break rating of an expulsion fuse (i.e.8kA5) and can be used to protect pole mounted transformer, spur lines
and small section conductors on spurs. However, current-limiting fuse will not improve the fault make
capabilities, as they are not designed for fault make operation.
The drop-open design of current-limiting fuse is similar to the expulsion fuse and indicates operation and
simplifies fault location. These units can be removed in a similar way as the existing expulsion fuses (i.e. J&P,
Linegear and Pfisters) and can be inserted and closed with rods from the ground.
Current limiting fuses are not interchangeable with DOEF’s, solid links or sectionalisers as they are of a
different length6. The fuse isolator back portion for the current-limiting fuse is different to the expulsion fuse
and has a different trunnion to that of a standard fuse isolator back portion which excludes the use of DOEF’s,
solid links or sectionalisers. A new common 11/20kV fuse isolator back portion is available to take both the
11kV and 20kV current limited fuses with a single 25A rated fuse for use at 11kV and a 20A rated fuse for use
at 20kV being available. Currently, only three items have been added to the range of available items namely (i)
fuse isolator back portion rated up to 27kV (ii) 25A single barrel current-limiting fuse link for 11kV and (iii) 20A
single barrel current-limiting fuse link for 20kV.
5 The legacy porcelain J & P units were limited to a fault break current of 5kA at 20kV or 8kA at 12kV.
6 The stand-alone current limiting set has an insert length of 385mm.

Table 22 provides the details of current limiting fuses for DOEF on Overhead Lines including their commodity
codes.
The guidance on the application of the current limiting fuses is provided on the Appendix 6.
Automatic Sectionalising Links (ASL)7

ASLs are protective devices that are designed to operate after a pre-determined sequence of pules of fault
current. They are intended to operate in conjunction with a pole mounted reclosing circuit breakers (PMAR) as
specified in NPS/001/009 and are used to identify permanent spur-line faults and then during a period when
the upstream protective device is open, to disengage the ASL which opens into an isolated position thus
reducing the risk of transient faults causing a spur-line outage. ASLs do not require a time current base for its
operation and is easily coordinated with other protective devices on the system.
ASLs shall have the same dimensional and mounting requirements as HV Expulsion Fuse-Links and be physically
interchangeable. The ASLs specified within NPS/001/032 shall comply fully with, and meet all the requirements
of, the current version of “ENATS 41-47 – Pole Mounted, Non-Enclosed: Switch-Disconnectors, Disconnectors,
Earthing Switches, Fuse Switches (Expulsion fuses), Solid Links and Automatic Sectionalising Links (ASLs)”,
except where varied by this specification. ASLs are designed to operate on both the 11kV and 20kV systems
and designed to allow them to be reset via the use of large spanner for leverage.
The minimum actuating current of the ASL is typically set at 80% of the minimum trip setting of the upstream
reclosing device, be this a recloser or a circuit breaker. Since, the ASL minimum actuating current is 1.6 times
the continuous current, the value of the continuous current equates to 50% of the minimum trip current of the
upstream reclosing device. The sectionaliser is designed to continuously carry 200% of its rated continuous
current. If the load current exceeds 1.6 times the continuous rating of the ASL and if the upstream reclosing
device operates due to an overcurrent elsewhere in the system, then the sectionaliser will falsely register a
count.
ASL must be capable of operating on networks where the minimum continuous load current available at the
point of installation is 300mA as per NPS/001/032. ASL should be set to operate in at least one less count than
the upstream recloser e.g. a 4 shot recloser would require a maximum of 3 shot sectionaliser downstream.
Where multiple ASLs are used on the OH circuit, the downstream sectionaliser should have one less count than
the upstream sectionaliser. 3 shot ASL should only be used if there is another protective device downstream.
The current ratings for ASLs provided in Table 6. Colour bands are located on the body of the ASL for easy
identification of the count and pick-up current rating. The guidance on sizing an ASL on the OH network is
provided in Appendix 5.
3.2. LV Fuses
LV networks are protected mechanically by construction and installation as well as electrically by fuses generally to
BS HD 60269-2:2013, BS 88-2:2013 or LV circuit breaker8.
Northern Powergrid has a policy for mechanical protection, through construction and installation that will avoid
danger so long as the asset remains undisturbed. However, the ESQC regulations require Northern Powergrid to:
• prevent danger, so far as is reasonably practicable; and
• ensure that no current (including earth faults) flows which the network cannot carry without danger, i.e. to
protect the asset.
7ASLs are sometimes referred as “smart fuses” but in fact they are not fuses in the senses of operating through the fusion of metallic elements. ASLs are a
self-contained HV circuit opening device used in drop-out expulsion fuse mounts which can only be used in association with PMARS’s. The ASL differentiates
between the transient and permanent faults greatly reducing the number of transient faults on the overhead line network.
8 For an individual customer, LV CBs are used only at the point of connection and not to control circuits.

Taking actions to prevent danger must pass the ‘reasonably practicable’ test (see appendix 3), i.e. not present a cost
that is grossly disproportionate to the benefits. It is, therefore, reasonable to set a standard for applying fusing that
balances flexibility in design and operation which takes into account the policy for mechanical protection based on
the construction and installation of equipment.
Effective utilisation of cables and transformers requires that 400A fuses be used in the majority of situations,
leading to a standard of clearing faults at the end of services in 60sec or, if systems are laid out in the absence of
detailed knowledge of services, clearing faults at the end of the main in 30sec.
Where point demands above 139kVA are connected, the cut-out fuse will be greater than 200A. This will not
discriminate effectively with a 400A fuse at the substation. Therefore, point demands above 139kVA should be
connected to discrete feeders, and the following fusing adopted to provide discrimination:

Table 1: Fusing and Capacity Values for Greater Than 139kVA

Distribution capacity Cut-out fuse Substation fuse Maximum loop impedance to cut-out
(kVA) (A) (A) (ohms)
139 200 400 0.21
173 250 500 0.16
218 315 500 0.16
276 400 500 0.16
Guidance above applies to ground-mounted transformers from 200kVA upwards and pole-mounted transformers
from 100 to 315kVA. Rural systems fed from transformers of 50kVA or less shall be controlled by 160A fuses, as:
• anything larger would be superfluous, as the transformer capability would be no more than 100A
continuous; and
• anything smaller would not discriminate with domestic 80A cut-out fuses.
The one exception to the 60sec rule is for eaves mains (under-eaves wiring). As these assets are installed on
buildings, and there is greater potential for inadvertent contact, best practice is to apply the 5sec rule in BS7671 in
most cases this can be achieved by installing a 200A fuse (in a wall box).
LV Substation Fuse
The LV fuse provides protection against both overload and fault current (short-circuit current). LV fuse sizes
specified on this document provides protection of LV circuits and discrimination with HV fuses. LV fuse-link
selection for fuse boards, feeder pillars, cabinets and pole mounted cut outs must be selected with the
nameplate rating of the transformer and the outgoing LV circuit protected.
An LV substation fuse must carry maximum anticipated load current without deterioration and must operate
under short circuit conditions to prevent further damage being caused to the cable or overhead line by
excessive temperature or mechanical stress; ideally, it ought to be capable of carrying without deterioration
the intermittent overload capacity of the circuit. The maximum ratings of the fuse-links for the short circuit
protection of the more common sizes of low voltage cables and overhead line conductors are specified in Table
11 and Table 12. Their selections have been based on the considerations detailed above.
As per BS HD 60269-2:2013IEC 60269-2:2013, the time current characteristics of the LV fuses shall be within
±10% in terms of current. The time-current characteristics of LV fuses in Appendix 9 provide the data for the
magnitude of the fault current required for fault clearance. The magnitude of the fault current (single phase
faults) which effectively depends upon the earth loop impedance is the crucial factor in achieving the
disconnection time. Table 7 summarise the fault current magnitudes required to disconnect/clear the fault for
different clearance times.
Reference to the time/current characteristics of the fuse under consideration will show whether the calculated
phase to neutral fault current will cause operation in less than 30sec. Table 10 provides the maximum
equivalent length of 95mm2 WNE and 300mm2 WNE cable for which the corresponding fuse should operate in
30sec (Refer Table 7).
A LV substation fuse should also discriminate with the HV transformer protection. For TLF fuses, the maximum
rating of LV substation fuse which should be used in conjunction with the HV protection settings for the
standard sizes of network transformers is provided in Table 2, and for expulsion fuses in

Table 4.
The maximum LV fuse rating for 6kV network can be found in Table 30 to Table 37. The substation fuse rating
should be selected to ensure that it will operate within 30sec when carrying the fault current resulting from a
phase to neutral short circuit at the remote end of the LV main. When this last requirement precludes the use
of a fuse based on circuit rating, consideration of the maximum anticipated load current may permit the use of
a lower rated fuse. If a 30sec operating time cannot be met by the use of a lower rated fuse then section fuses
or an alternative system design becomes necessary. The maximum fuse sizes provided in Table 11 and Table 12
should always be used with discretion. For example in those cases where a short length of relatively large
cross-section cable leaving a substation is jointed to a smaller cross-section cable, then the rating of the
substation fuse should be related to the rating of the smaller cable or to the prospective phase to neutral fault
current, whichever is the limiting condition.
“J” type fuse-links9 can be installed on the distribution boards, feeder pillars, link boxes, pole mounted cutouts
and heavy duty service intakes. The standardized current ratings of fuse-links with centres at 82mm (JPU) and
92mm (JSU) are 80A, 100A, 160A, 200A, 250A, 315A, 355A and 400A, 500A and 630A.
Fuses currently being supplied are Type “J” conforming to above mentioned standards and having time/current
characteristics which comply with ENATS 12-8. The maximum fuse ratings given in Table 3 and Table 30 to
Table 37 are based on Lawson fuses and do not necessarily apply to similarly rated fuses of other
manufacturers.
Bidoyng10 (smart LV fuse) from Kelvatek are generally only used for intermittent fault management on the LV
network. A Bidoyng unit comprises two LV fuses in parallel with a maximum fuse size of 400A JPU fuse-links
due to the rating of the equipment itself.
LV Earth Loop Impedance (ELI)

The earth loop impedance (ELI) is the impedance of the earth fault current loop starting and ending at the
point of an earth fault. The value of earth loop impedance determines the ability of fuses to operate effectively
such that they can protect the network and should be included during the design stage for a new connection or
expansion of the network. The measured value of ELI will change depending on the earthing system, network
configuration, network alteration and fault repair.
Phase to neutral loop resistance on new systems shall not exceed 250mΩ including the transformer, main and
service, in accordance with Engineering Recommendation P5. LV mains cables laid in advance of providing
services should be designed to a maximum of 200mΩ through the transformer and main which is outlined on
the code of practice for the Economic Development of LV System. Table 8 provides the maximum earth loop
impedance values at the end of the single phase services. Table 9 provides the maximum ELI values for
different type of fuse-links both at the end of the services and the mains. The clearance time to determine the
ELI is based on 60sec for LV services and 30sec for LV mains and is explained in Appendix 3. The fault current or
the fusing current determines the operating time of a fuse and 230V should be used as supply source voltage.
For LV mains controlled by 315A fuses, the maximum cumulative phase to neutral loop impedance must not
exceed 242mΩ at the end of the mains. The phase to neutral loop impedance at the service position must not
exceed 280mΩ.
Positioning of Section Fuses

The first section fuse on the LV circuit should be installed at a suitable position where a phase to neutral fault
will cause the substation fuse to operate in not more than 30sec at the end of the main and within 60sec at the
end of the services (subject to loading). The rating of the section fuse will be determined by the maximum
anticipated load current at that position. When the zone protected by the first section fuse is inadequate to
9 J type LV fuse is described as “Fuse system I, gU fuse-links with wedge tightening contacts”.
10 Bidyong is a single shot-recloser designed to remove intermittent faults from the Low voltage network.

cover the whole of the distributor, further section fuses become necessary.
On overhead LV network, one set of 200A section fuses shall be provided in series with the substation fuse.
Eaves mains (surface wiring) shall be protected by 200A fuses; any upstream section fuses shall be deemed to
satisfy this requirement.
On underground LV network, section fuse can be inserted on the Link Box to fuse down a small section mains
cable to meet the fusing needs either with 200A or 160A only. A fuse of a higher rating is not allowed to be
utilised on the link boxes due to the heat generated by the LV fuses within the link boxes. Both 2 way and 4
way link boxes can be fused; the incoming side shall be installed with solid links whereas fuses will be installed
on the outgoing side wherever necessary.
Due to the installation challenges and safety risks, the installation of a fuse on a link box shall be limited to
200A. Alternatively, a feeder pillar can be used which can provide a point of isolation and be supplied with LV
fuse up to 400A fuse. The fused link boxes cannot be used for interconnection. Link Boxes if required to
provide an interconnection shall be provided with solid links; interconnection is not permitted between three
phase and split phase networks due to different voltage level and phase angle shift.
Discrimination Between Fuse in Series

Where section fuses are used to provide protection on different segments of the same LV feeder,
discrimination between the fuse-links can be checked by ensuring that the time/current characteristics do not
overlap at any point. Due allowance should be made for ±10% tolerance with respect to the current. The LV
fuses in series can most conveniently be graded using their I2t characteristic which is provided in Figure 5. To
grade successfully the total operating time I2t of the downstream fuse must not exceed the pre-arcing time of
the upstream fuse. LV fuse-links discriminate in a ratio of 1.6:1 11. Therefore to achieve discrimination or
selectivity, the upstream fuse-link must have a current rating of at least 1.6 times or higher current rating of
the downstream minor fuse-links e.g. if a 315A fuse is used on the LV fuse board then the next minor fuse that
could discriminate would be 200A. For networks feeding domestic supplies with a service fuse of 60/80/100A
then the minimum section fuse should be 160A. It should be possible, in general, to protect any LV circuits by a
sequence of section fuses with the ratings 160A and 200A.
Low Voltage Domestic Fuse-Links

Fuse-links shall be suitable for use in cut-outs designed to provide power supplies to commercial or domestic
premises with loads up to 100A per phase complying with the design requirements of NPS/001/017 and typical
design requirement of BS HD 60269-3:2010+A1:2013, BS 88-3:2010 , Figure 303. Table 18 provides a list of
domestic fuse-links.
Low Voltage Street Lighting Fuse-Links

Fuse-links shall be suitable for use in cut-outs designed to accommodate standardised fuses systems with
offset tag contacts based on a 38mm fixing centres and a max current rating of up to 25A. Table 19 provides a
list of Street Lighting fuse-links.
11 Beama, “Guide to Low-Voltage Switch and Fusegear Devices,” BEAMA Ltd, London, 2016

Table 2: Fuse Rating for Overcurrent Protection on GM Network Transformer with Time Limit Fuses
Voltage CT Ratio 1500kVA Transformer 1250kVA Transformer

TLF Fuse TLF Commodity Max 415V TLF Fuse TLF Commodity Max 415V
Rating Code Fuse Rating Rating Code Fuse Rating
20kV 40/5 - - - - - -
70/5 10A 289088 630Aa 7.5A 289073 630Aa
11kV 50/5 - - - - - -
100/5 12.5A 289092 630Aa 12.5A 289092 630Aa

20kV 40/5 10A 289088 630Aa 10A 289088 630Aa
70/5 - - - - - -
11kV 50/5 - - - - - -
100/5 10A 289088 630Aa 7.5A 289073 630Aa

40/5 5A 289090 400A 3A 289054 315A
20kV
70/5 - - - - - -
50/5 10A 289088 500A 5A 289090 315A
11kV
100/5 - - - - - -
Note:
a) This table provides the maximum distributor LV fuse rating for HV/LV discrimination. The maximum allowed fuse size
to utilise on the LV system is 500A12 whereas 630A LV fuse mentioned on table above is the maximum permissible LV
fuse for grading with HV system.
b) Time Limit Fuse to ENATS 12-6 refers to the cartridge type time limit (XF type) fuse.
c) Any new GM transformer to be installed should be protected from ring main unit (if previously protected from
expulsion fuses). This also applies to three phase GM transformers converted to GM split phase as well.
d) For three phase transformers connected single phase, use the CT ratio and fuse size recommended for the three
phase transformer rating.
e) For existing Ring Main Unit with legacy type CT ratio please refer tables in Appendix 13.
Table 3: Fuse Rating for Earth Fault Protection on GM Circuit Breaker with HV Time Limit Fuses
Voltage CT Ratio Transformer kVA Rating TLF Fuse Rating Commodity Code
Any Voltage Any CT Ratio All Sizes 3A 289054
Note:
a) The TLF fuse for earth fault protection shall be provided with the ratings in all cases irrespective of the transformer
ratings and HV voltage levels.
12 Refer: IMP/001/911: Code of Practice for the Economic Development of the LV System

Table 4: Expulsions Fuse-Link Ratings for Various 11kV and 20kV Pole Mounted Transformers
PM Transformer
Transformer Rating to be protected
Universal Expulsion HV Fuse LV Fuse
Voltage Phases kVA Amps Fuse Size Commodity Code Fuse Size Commodity Code
50 2.6 25Ab 245018 100A 280721
100 5.3 25Ab 245018 200A 280774
3 Phase
200 10.5 25Ab 245018 400A 280666
315C 16.5 25Ab 245018 400A 280666
Split Phase 50 4.6 25Ab 245018 160A 280740

11kV (1 Phase 100 9.1 25Ab 245018 315A 280632
3 Wire) 200 18.2 25Ab 245060 400A 280666
25 2.3 25Ab 245018 200A 280774

Single Phase
50 4.5 25Ab 245018 200A 280774
(1 Phase
100 9.1 25Ab 245018 400A 280666
2 Wire)
200 18.2 25Ab 245018 400A 280666
50 1.4 25Ab 245018 100A 280721

100 2.9 25Ab 245018 200A 280774
3 Phase
200 5.8 25Ab 245018 400A 280666
315C 9.1 25Ab 245018 400A 280666
Split Phase 50 2.5 25Ab 245018 160A 280740

20kV (1 Phase 100 5 25Ab 245018 315A 280632
3 Wire) 200 10 25Ab 245018 400A 280666
25 1.3 25Ab 245018 200A 280774

Single Phase
50 2.5 25Ab 245018 315A 280632
(1 Phase
100 5.0 25Ab 245018 400A 280666
2 Wire)
200 10.0 25Ab 245018 400A 280666
Note:
a) This table provides the maximum distributor LV fuse rating for HV/LV discrimination other than mentioned above.
The maximum allowed fuse size for use on the pole mounted LV system is 400A as the JPU fuse (PM LV fuse) carrier
fixed contacts are rated at 400A.
b) As there are different practices across the two business licenses about the fusing of pole mounted and inverted pole
mounted transformers. Please refer to Table 2 and Table 3 of IMP/001/912 which outlines the protection
requirements in the Northern Powergrid Northeast and Northern Powergrid Yorkshire.
c) Refer to drawing 1091471503 sheet 3 (also provided on Appendix 7) for details on modifying the universal fuse
elements to fit into historical legacy fuse carriers.

Table 5: Fuse-Link Ratings for Various 11kV and 20kV Pad Mounted Transformers
Pad Mounted Transformer

Transformer Rating to be protected Current Limiting
Bay-O-Net HV Fusea LV Fuse
Back–Up Fuseb
Commodity Fuse Size Max LV Commodity
Voltage Phases kVA Amps Fuse Size Code Fuse Size Code
315 16.5 90A 381470 65A 400A 280863
200 10.5 80A 381576 65A 315A 280844
3 Phase
100 5.3 50A 381696 30A 160A 280793
50 2.6 30A 381748 30A 100A 280789
11kV
Split Phase 100 9.1 80A 381576 65A 315A 280863
(1 Phase 3 Wire) 50 4.6 50A 381696 30A 160A 280793
Single Phase
50 4.5 50A 381696 30A 160A 280793
(1 Phase 2 Wire)
315 9.1 80A 381576 65A 400A 280863

3 Phase
100 2.9 30A 381748 30A 160A 280793
Split Phase
20kV 100 5 50A 381696 40A 200A 280825
(1 Phase 3 Wire)
Single Phase
50 2.5 50A 381696 30A 160A 280793
(1 Phase 2 Wire)
Note:
a) A Bay-O-Net current sensing fuse is connected in series with each current limiting back-up fuse and operates for any
HV over current including a secondary fault that is not cleared by the LV fuse. If required Bay-O-Net fuses can be
replaced with the use “hot stick” without removing the transformer lid.
b) The current limiting back-up fuse (HV fuse) only operates for a failure within the transformer tank and cannot be
replaced.
c) The pad mounted transformers listed in this table are rationalised from the number of variants available on the NPS
document NPS/003/041.
d) This table provides the maximum distributor LV fuse rating for HV/LV discrimination. No higher LV fuses other than
the specified on this table can be utilised for each transformer type.

Table 6: List of Auto Sectionaliser Links13
Sectionaliser Continuous Rating Sectionaliser Counts

Commodity
Rating Minimum actuating currents Number of Colour
Colour Scheme Number
(A) based on a 1.6 ratio Counts Scheme
15A Purple 24 2 No Band 246839
15A Purple 24 3 Green 247297
25A Red 40 2 No Band 246824
25A Red 40 3 Green 247140
35A Brown 56 2 No Band 247263
35A Brown 56 3 Green 247314
50A Green 80 2 No Band 247441
50A Green 80 3 Green 247511
70A No Colour 112 2 No Band 247315
70A No Colour 112 3 Green 247516
100A White 160 2 No Band 247317
100A White 160 3 Green 247318
Note:
a) The ASLs in this table can be applied to both 11kV and 20kV systems.
Table 7: Time Current-Characteristics for J Type Electricity Supply Distribution Fuse-Links, System I (LAWSON Fuses)
LV Fuse Fusing Current in Amp
Rating Hours Minutes Seconds
A 6 3 100 50 1 30 20 10 5 3 1 0.5
100 140 142 145 157 266 300 320 360 410 455 570 620
160 216 218 226 238 395 443 470 536 613 690 867 1000
200 280 284 290 300 503 565 600 690 795 895 1107 1300
250 346 348 359 380 645 722 780 885 1030 1250 1410 1640
315 434 436 460 495 820 950 1010 1150 1340 1450 1900 2170
355 500 502 521 550 950 1084 1155 1300 1520 1600 2125 2480
400 560 563 580 600 1080 1200 1290 1472 1700 1950 2400 2900
500 720 725 740 790 1400 1565 1710 2000 2300 2600 3150 4000
630 900 905 910 995 1950 2260 2400 2900 3200 3850 4800 5500
Note:
a) The fusing current at different clearance time is obtained from Time/Current characteristic of Lawson J type fuse-
links.
b) Time/Current Characteristics of J type fuse-links are faster in operation in comparison to the Time/Current
characteristics for the Industrial Range of fuse-links.
c) Lawson J Type 400/415V electricity supply distribution fuse-links has the time/current characteristics according to the
time-current zones of BS 88-2:2010 ad IEC60269-2: 2013-07 standards given in the figures 901, 902, 903 and 904.
13 Refer NPS/001/032: Technical Specification for 11 & 20kV Pole Mounted Auto Sectionalising Links

Table 8: Maximum Earth Loop Impedance Values at the End of Single-Phase Services14
Service Type Connection to New Circuits Connection to Existing

(mΩ) Circuits
(mΩ)
CNE Service
250 400
Phase-neutral and Phase-earth loop impedance
SNE Service
- 400
Phase-neutral loop impedance
SNE Service
- 800
Phase-earth loop impedance
Note:
a) Phase to neutral Loop impedance and phase to earth loop impedance will differ for CNE and SNE networks.
b) Phase to neutral loop impedance on a new system shall not exceed 250mΩ including the transformer, mains and
service. It also includes the extension of existing systems.
c) The loop impedance values may need to be reduced to meet the fusing requirement for a specific part of the LV
system.
Table 9: Maximum Loop Impedance Values
Fuse-Link Rating Loop Impedance to end of the service Loop Impedance to the end of the main
(A) (mΩ) (mΩ)
160 582 519
200 457 407
250 356 318
315 280 242
355 242 212
400 212 191
500 164 146
Note:
a) The above calculation is based on the clearance time of 30sec and 60sec at the end of the LV mains and service
respectively to meet the fusing current of the fuse.
b) All the calculation on this table above to determine the maximum loop impedance both at the end of the mains and
services is based on 230V supply voltage.
14 Refer IMP/001/911 Code of Practice for the Economic Development of the LV System.

Table 10: Maximum Length of WNE Cable for Fusing In 30 Seconds for Different LV Fuse Rating
LV Fuse Fusing Current in

95mm2 Al PILC cable 95mm2 WNE cable 300mm2 WNE cable
Rating 30 seconds
(Meter) (Meter) (Meter)
(A) (A)
100 300 948 915 1636
160 443 642 619 1107
200 565 503 486 868
250 722 394 380 679
315 950 299 289 516
355 1084 262 253 452
400 1200 237 228 408
500 1565 181 175 313
Note:
a) The maximum length of the cable mentioned above is based on the loop impedance of the cable only and does not
include the impedance of the transformer.
b) The cable length mentioned above does not include the cable loading hence it is required to check the loading to
install the appropriate fuse size and determine the maximum cable length based on statutory voltage limits.
c) The above calculation is based at 230V.

Table 11: Fuse-Link Ratings for LV Overhead Line Conductor
Open wire Conductor Bundled 400V Fuse-Link

Conductor (JPU Type)
Copper Aluminium ABC
Type Type Type Type Type Rating Commodity
(in2) (mm2) (in2) (mm2) (mm2) (A) Code
- - - - 50 200 280774
0.05 32 0.0515 50 70 250 280628
- 70 - - 95 315 280632
- - - - - 355 280416
0.1 - 0.115 100 - 280666
400
0.15 100 - - 120
0.2 125 0.1515 150 - 500 035568
Note:
a) The fuse-link current ratings are to cater to the highest ratings expected of an overhead conductor installed in
optimum conditions and operating low ambient temperatures. In practice, in order to cover average conditions, fuse-
link ratings lower than those shown may be used. The fuse-link must be of such a rating as to ensure that it will
operate satisfactorily for a short circuit at the furthest point in the distributor.
b) A fuse-link of a lower rating than indicated may also be used if the conductor is installed for voltage drop conditions
rather than for current carrying capacity.
c) A fuse-link should not be used continuously above its rated current because the excessive temperature rise
encountered under this condition may lead to deterioration causing premature operation or permanent change in its
operating characteristic.
d) Where the fuse will not operate within 30sec for faults at the remote end of the distributor, the use of a fuse of a
lower rating, when load permits, may obviate the need for a section fuse.
15 The value is only a copper equivalent not the actual size.

Table 12: Fuse-Link Ratings for LV Underground Cable 16
PILC Cable Consac XLPE Cable 400V Fuse-Link

Copper Aluminium Aluminium Waveform (JSU Type)
Type Type Type Type Type Rating Commodity
(in2) (in2) (mm2) (mm2) (mm2) (A) Code
0.06 0.06 - - - 200 280825
0.06 0.1 70 70 - 250 280384
0.1 0.15 95 95 95 315 280844
- 0.2 120 - - 355 280399
0.15 - - - - 400 280863
- 0.25 - - -
500 280878
0.2 0.3 185 185 185
0.25 0.4 240 240 -
630 280952
0.3 0.5 300 300 300
Note:
a) The fuse-link current ratings are to cater to the highest ratings expected of a cable installed in optimum conditions
and operating low ambient temperatures. In practice, in order to cover average conditions, fuse-link ratings lower
than those shown may be used. The fuse-link must be of such a rating as to ensure that it will operate satisfactorily
for a short circuit at the furthest point in the distributor.
b) A fuse-link of a lower rating than indicated may also be used if the cable is installed for voltage drop conditions rather
than for current carrying capacity.
c) A fuse-link should not be used continuously above its rated current because the excessive temperature rise
encountered under this condition may lead to deterioration causing premature operation or permanent change in its
operating characteristic.
d) Where the fuse will not operate within 30sec for faults at the remote end of the distributor, the use of a fuse of a
lower rating, when load permits, may obviate the need for a section fuse.
16 This table is prepared referring to ENATS 12-8: The Application of Fuse links to 11kV/400V and 6.6kV/400V Underground Distribution Networks.

4. References
4.1. External Documentation
Reference Title Version
and/or date
ACE Report 75 Report on the Characteristics and Performance of Fuses for use on 11kV Overhead 1980
Lines.
ACE Report 86 Report on HV Fuse Links for the Protection of Ground Mounted Distribution 1983
Transformers.
BS 2692-2:1956 Specification for Fuses for voltages exceeding 1000 V a.c. — Part 2: Expulsion fuses 1976
BS HD 60269-2:2013, Low-voltage fuses. Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized 2013
BS 88-2:2013 persons (fuses mainly for industrial application). Examples of standardized systems
of fuses A to K.
Book: Electric Fuses A. W. a. G. Newbery, Electric Fuses, London: The institution of Engineering and 2008
Technology, 2008.
ENATS 12-6 Time fuse-links for use with current transformer releases on circuit-breakers. Issue 3,2021
ENATS 12-8 The Application of Fuse links to 11kV/400V and 6.6kV/400V Underground Issue 4, 2021
Distribution Networks.
ENA TS 41-47 Pole Mounted, Non-Enclosed: SwitchDisconnectors, Disconnectors, Earthing Issue 1: 2021
Switches, Fuse Switches (Expulsion fuses), SolidLinks and Automatic Sectionalising
Links (ASLs)
4.2. Internal Documentation

Reference Title
IMP/001/010 Code of Practice for Standard Arrangements for Customer Connections.
IMP/001/011 Code of Practice for Overhead Line Ratings and Parameters.
IMP/001/013 Code of Practice for Underground Cable Ratings and Parameters.
IMP/001/911 Code of Practice for the Economic Development of the LV System.
IMP/001/912 Code of Practice for the Economic Development of the HV System.
IMP/007/011 Code of Practice for the Application of Lightning Protection
NPS/001/004 Technical Specification for 11kV, 20kV and 33kV Pole Mounted Expulsion Switch, Fuse Tube and Solid
Link.
NPS/001/009 Technical Specification for 11kV, 20kV and 33kV Pole Mounted Auto-reclose Circuit Breakers and
Enclosed Switch Disconnectors
NPS/001/017 Technical Specification for Low Voltage and High Voltage Fuse Links.
NPS/001/032 Technical Specification for 11 & 20kV Pole Mounted Auto Sectionalising Links.
NPS/002/006 Technical Specification for Service Cutouts, Terminal Blocks, Meter Tail Protectors and Pole Mounted
Fuse Units.
NPS/003/011 Technical Specification for Ground Mounted Distribution Transformers up to and including 20kV.
NPS/003/034 Technical Specification for 11kV & 20kV Pole-Mounted Distribution Transformers.
NPS/003/041 Technical Specification for 11kV & 20kV Pad Mounted Transformers
4.3. Amendments from Previous Version

Reference Title
Table 2 Added section to provide TLF fuse rating for overcurrent protection of 1500kVA GM network
transformer.

5. Definitions
5.1. Glossary
Reference Title
ABSD Air Break Switch Disconnector
ASL Automatic Sectionalising Link
DOEF Drop Out Expulsion Fuse-Link
ELI Earth Loop Impedance
ENATS Energy Networks Association Technical Specification
FLC Full Load Current
GM Ground Mounted
HV High Voltage
LV Low Voltage
NPg Northern Powergrid
OH Overhead
PM Pole Mounted
PMAR Pole Mounted Auto Recloser
TLF Time Limit Fuse
UG Underground
5.2. Description
Reference Title
Arcing Time This is defined as the period between the instant of arc appearance following the melting of fuse
element and its total extinction (zero current). Arcing time is dependent of voltage.
Breaking Capacity/ A fuse must be able to open the circuit under a short circuit condition without endangering its
Interrupting Capacity surroundings. The breaking capacity or interrupting rating of a protective device is the maximum
available current, at rated voltage, that the device can safely operate or interrupt a fault current
without rupturing. The breaking capacity or interrupting rating of a fuse must be equal to or greater
than the available short circuit current of the circuit. All utility fuses have at least 80kA breaking
capacity.
Continuous Current Continuous current values that are shown on the fuse represent the level of current the fuse can carry
Carrying Capacity continuously without deterioration and without exceeding the temperature rise limits. An application
that exposes the fuse to a current slightly above its continuous rating but below its minimum
interrupting rating, may damage the fuse due to excessive heat.
Cut-off Characteristic A curve showing the cut-off current as a function of prospective current. Cut-off current is the
(Peak Current) maximum instantaneous value of current let-through by the fuse during one half cycle of operation
under the most onerous conditions of power factor and asymmetry. Note prospective current is
expressed in kA (r.m.s) whereas the cut-off current is in peak kA11. See Appendix 11.
Clearing Time / The total interval between the fault inception and final opening of a circuit at a rated voltage by a
Operating time / protective device. Clearing time is the total of the melting and the arcing time11.
Disconnection Time
Drop-out Expulsion An expulsion fuse in accordance with the latest version of BS 2692 Part 2 in which the fuse carrier
Fuse (DOEF) automatically drops into a position providing an isolating distance after the fuse has operated and can
be operated as a disconnector by means of a portable operating rod.
Earth Loop The impedance of the earth fault current loop starting and ending at the point of an earth fault. This
Impedance (ELI) impedance is denoted by the symbol Zs.
Expulsion Fuse A vented fuse in which the expulsion effect of gasses produced by the arc and lining of the fuse holder,
either alone or aided by a spring, extinguishes the arc results in current interruption 17.
Fuse An overcurrent protective device with a fuse-link that operates and opens the circuit when fault
17 Cooper Bussmann, “Fuseology Medium Voltage Fuses,” Cooper Bussmann, 2005.

current exceeds a fusing current for a sufficient time.

Fusebank A combination of fuse holders mounted onto a rear fixing rail and having their incoming terminals
connected by a common LV busbar 11.
Fuseboard A combination of fusebank mounted in an enclosure together with ancillary equipment
(earth/neutral bars) protecting a number of individual circuits 11.
Fuse Element A calibrated conductor inside a fuse which melts when the fuse operates i.e. when the fuse is
subjected to excessive current. The fuse-link may comprise several fuse elements. Fuse element is
enclosed by the fuse body and may be surrounded by an arc quenching medium such as silica sand.
Fuse-Link The part of the fuse including the fuse element intended to be replaced after the fuse has operated.
Fuse Carrier The movable part of a fuse designed to carry a fuse link.
Fusing Current Value of current specified as that which cause operation of the fuse link within a specified time.
Fuse Rating (A) A value of current that the fuse-link can carry continuously without deterioration under specified
conditions.
I2t Characteristics A curve or chart showing values of pre-arcing and operating let through energy as a function of current
and voltage. I2t is proportional to energy and measured in amperes-squared-second A2S. (Refer
Appendix 10)
I2t Rating (A2S) A measure of heat energy developed within a circuit during the fuse’s melting or arcing. The melting,
arcing, or clearing integral of a fuse, termed I 2t is the thermal energy required to melt, arc or clear a
specific current. The sum of melting and arcing I 2t is generally stated as total clearing I2t. It can be
expressed as melting I2t, arcing I2t or the sum of them, clearing I2t. I2t characteristics is called as Let-
through characteristics which is a curve or chart showing values of ‘pre-arcing’ and ‘operating’ let
through energy as a function of current and voltage11.
Pre-arcing Time / The interval of time between the beginning of a current large enough to cause a break in the fuse
Melting Time element and the instant when an arc is initiated11. Pre-arcing time is independent of the network
voltage.
Prospective Short Possible short circuit currents which would have existed when there was no short circuit limitation
Circuit Current device.
Slow Blow Fuse A fuse with a built-in delay that allows temporary and harmless inrush currents to pass without
opening, but is designed to open on sustained overloads and short circuits.
Time-Current A curve providing the pre-arcing or operating time as a function of prospective current. The time
Characteristic current characteristics have a basic tolerance of ±10% in terms of current (Refer Appendix 8).
Time Limit Fuse (TLF) Time limit fuse is utilised in conjunction with circuit breaker type ring main units which provides a cost
effective method of providing fault protection for overcurrent and earth faults to a transformer of
1500kVA or less. The time limit fuse-link is shunted with a trip coil which is fed from the protection
current transformer. In the event of a fault, the fuse ruptures and the fault current is diverted through
trip coils, which trip the circuit breaker. It should be noted that the TLF protection system is not a
device for limiting overload levels of individual transformers.

6. Authority for Issue

6.1. CDS assurance
I sign to confirm that I have completed and checked this document and I am satisfied with its content and submit it
for approval and authorisation.
Date
Liz Beat Governance Administrator 29/06/2022
6.2. Author
I sign to confirm that I have completed and checked this document and I am satisfied with its content and submit it
Review Period - This document should be reviewed within the following time period.
Standard Review of 3 Years Non Standard Review Period & Reason

Yes Period: n/a Reason: n/a
Should this document be displayed on the Northern Powergrid external website? Yes
Date
Anuj Chhettri Smart Grid Development Engineer 29/06/2022
6.3. Technical Assurance

I sign to confirm that I am satisfied with all aspects of the content and preparation of this document and submit it
Date
Jim Paine Technical Policy Manager 13/07/2022
Michael Crowe Technical Services Manager 22/07/2022
6.4. Authorisation
Approval is granted for publication of this document.
Date
Mark Callum Smart Grid Development Manager 04/07/2022

Appendix 1 – Schedule of Items 18
Table 13: HV Non-Current Limiting Fuses in Oil

System Rated Voltage Current Rating (A) ENATS 12-8 rating Length -Dimension D Commodity Code
(kV) Ref. (mm)
6.6 50 O6 359 287612
11 80 O4 359 287788
11 90 O5 359 287805
11 80 O4 254 038620
11 31.5 O2 254 287699
11 40 O3 254 083604
11 63 O4 254 038612
11 50 O3 254 287716
11 20 O1 254 288009
20 10 N/A 361 280011
20 20 N/A 361 287824
20 31.5 N/A 361 287839
20 50 N/A 361 287843
Table 14: HV Non-Current Limiting Fuses in Air

System Rated Voltage Current Rating (A) ENATS 12-8 rating Length -Dimension D Commodity Code
(kV) Ref. (mm)
11 6.3 A1 359 362207
11 10 A1 359 362194
11 20 A1 359 287595
11 31.5 A2 359 287608
11 50 A3 359 287612
11 71 A4 359 287627
11 90 A5 359 287665
Table 15: HV Expulsion Fuse-Links

Current Rating (A) Fuse Type System Voltage (kV) Length Commodity Code
(mm)
100 Slow Blow, Fixed Button Head 11 550 037879
100 Slow Blow, Fixed Button Head 33 800 037895
6 Slow Blow, Universal 11, 20, 33 787 245840
18 This section has been obtained from the NPS/001/017 –TechnicalSpecificationforLow VoltageandHighVoltageFuseLinks.

Table 16: HV DIN Type Fuse-Links

System Voltage (kV) Current rating (A) DIN 43 625 Length (mm) Commodity Code
11 6.3 292 362207
11 10 292 362194
11 20 292 362175
Table 17: LV Fuse-Links – “J” Type Cylindrical

Current Rating Reference Dimensions Commodity Code
(A)
100 JF 10019 Length 45.7mm – Diameter 38.7mm (no tag) 031625
100 JHU 100 76mm - Dimension A - BS 88-2 Fig. 905 280524
80 JPU 80 82mm - Dimension A - BS 88-2 Fig. 905 280596
80 JSU 80 92mm - Dimension A - BS 88-2 Fig. 905 280717
Table 18: Domestic Fuse Links

Current Rating (A) End Cap Diameter – BS 88 - 3 Type – BS 88 - 3 Table 301 Commodity Code
Table 301 (mm)
5 22.23 IIa 282318
25 22.23 IIa 181051
30 22.23 IIa 031088
40 22.23 IIa 282360
19 JF types fuses are used in legacy Yorkshire, LV pole mounted fuse holders.

60 22.23 IIa 282394

80 22.23 IIa 282407
30 30.16 IIb 031203
60 30.16 IIb 282430
80 30.16 IIb 282426
100 30.16 IIb 282411
Table 19: Street Lighting Fuse-Links

Current rating (A) Dimension G – BS 7654 Tag Description Commodity Code
Fig. 102 (mm)
6 38 Offset tags with 1 axial and 1 lateral slot 282750
Table 20: LV Industrial Fuse-Links

System Voltage (V) Current Rating (A) Tag Arrangement Commodity code
440 400 BS 88-2 Special Offset 92.5mm Centres With 032813
Open Double Slot
440 630 BS 88-2 Special Offset 94.0mm Centres With 032870
Open Double Slot
415 6 BS 88-2 Ref. F1 032078
415 10 BS 88-2 Ref. F1 032094
415 16 BS 88-2 Ref. F1 032102
415 32 BS 88-2 Ref A2 032508
415 63 BS 88-2 Ref A2 032573
415 400 BS 88-2 Ref C1 034157
415 400 BS 88-2 Ref B4 032902
415 500 BS 88-2 Ref C2 034322
Table 21: HV – Time Limit Fuse

Current Rating (A) Description Commodity Code
3 3A Time limit fuse to ENATS 12-6 (XF3) 289054
7.5 7.5A Time limit fuse to ENATS 12-6 (XF7.5) 289073
12.5 12.5A Time limit fuse to ENATS 12-6 (XF12.5) 289092

Table 22: Current Limiting Fuses for Dropout Expulsion Fuses on Overhead Lines
System Voltage Description Supplier Reference Commodity Code
(kV)
11kV 25A, Single Barrel, Current Limiting Fuse Link FAK44W25 259030
20kV 20A, Single Barrel, Current Limiting Fuse Link FAK45W20 259035
Table 23: Chemical Actuator (for Cooper Bussmann Automatic Sectionaliser Link)
System Voltage (kV) Supplier Reference Commodity Code
11 E2906 102988
Table 24: Replacement Fuse for REZAP

System Voltage (kV) Supplier Reference Commodity Code
415 V 86TT710 280010

Appendix 2: Selection of HV Fuse-Links with HV/LV Discrimination 20
It is usual to fuse LV feeders associated with network transformers with 100A, 160A, 315A, 355A, 400A, and 500A fuse-links.
The co-ordination between the LV fuse and the protection on the HV switch fuse or circuit breaker controlling the transformer
must be checked. The fuse-links controlling the network transformer should meet the following conditions as per ENATS12-8.
1. Inrush Current of the distribution Transformer
HV fuses must withstand transformer magnetising inrush current of distribution transformer. For this purpose it is
deemed satisfactory if a fuse link withstands without deterioration the equivalent of ten times transformer full load for
0.1 second.
2. Overload rating of distribution transformer
The selected fuse-link should allow the distribution transformer to carry 150% of transformer full load current (FLC) at
lower tap position without the continuous normal current rating of the fuse-links being exceeded.
3. Faults in distribution transformer terminal zone
In case of GM transformer, the selected fuse-link should operate in less than 1second for a three phase fault21 in the
transformer secondary terminal zone. The terminal zone fault on the secondary side of the transformer is cleared quickly
either by HV fuse-link or circuit breaker even when the earth fault current is limited by source impedance, fault
impedance and short length of low voltage cable /overhead line impedance to a value less than that determined from the
transformer alone. The impedance multiplier factor (LV) of 0.6 is used to determine the primary current.
The primary short circuit current resulting from a fault is given by
100
𝐼𝑆𝐶 = 𝐼𝐹𝐿𝐴 × × 0.6
%𝑍𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟
For Three Phase Transformer
𝑘𝑉𝐴 × 1000
𝐼𝐹𝐿𝐴 =
√3 × 𝑉𝐿−𝐿
For Split Phase Transformer
𝑘𝑉𝐴 × 1000
𝐼𝐹𝐿𝐴 =
𝑉𝐿−𝐿
For Single Phase Transformer
𝑘𝑉𝐴 × 1000
𝐼𝐹𝐿𝐴 =
𝑉𝐿−𝑃
4. Discrimination between LV fuse-link and HV switch fuse or circuit breaker
HV fuse-link or circuit breaker with TLF fuses should be capable of discriminating with the LV fuse-links. A phase-phase
fault on the secondary side (low voltage side) of the Delta/Star distribution three phase transformer results in most
onerous condition as the HV fuse operate faster than would be expected for three phase fault. This is the worst case for
coordination where 2:1:1 current distribution on the HV side of the transformer results from phase to phase fault on the
LV system.
For a three phase 11,000/433V Dyn11 distribution transformer, the turn’s ratio would normally be:-
𝐻𝑉 𝑃ℎase Voltage 11000
Turns Ratio = = = 25.4
𝐿𝑉 𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 433
But due to the 2:1:1 split current condition on the phases the effective turn’s ratio
20 Refer ENATS 12-6: Time fuse-links for use with current transformer releases on circuit-breakers.
21 Worst case fault for split phase transformer and single phase on the HV winding will be two phase fault.

25.4
Turns Ratio = = 12.7
2
For three phase transformers, LV current values are divided by 12.7 to convert to HV current.
For a split phase 11,000/250-0-250V Ii0 distribution transformer, the turn’s ratio would normally be:-
Turns Ratio = = = 22
For split phase transformers, LV current values are divided by 22 to convert to HV current.
For a single phase 11,000/250V Ii0 distribution transformer, the turn’s ratio would normally be:-
Turns Ratio = = = 44
For split phase transformers, LV current values are divided by 44 to convert to HV current.
For three phase 20,000/433V Dyn11, split phase 20,000/250-0-250V Ii0 and single phase 20,000/250V Ii0 distribution
transformer, the effective turn’s ratio would be 40, 40And 80 respectively which could be utilised to convert to HV
current.
When comparing fuse operating times for discrimination purposes, it is important to take account of the permitted
tolerance on the published time/current characteristics which is ±10% of current for HV and LV fuses at any operating
time.
In addition at high values of current, allowance should be made for the arcing time of the LV fuse, which represents a
significant part of the total operating time. This is not normally shown on the published fuse characteristics. Arcing time is
variable, but in the case of Lawson Type 'J' fuses it can be assumed that it is negligible at an operating time of 1second and
that its effect at an operating time of 0.01 second is equivalent to an increase of approximately 30% on the pre arcing
current value shown on the time/current characteristic.

Appendix 3: Reasonably Practical Review for LV Fusing

Taking actions to prevent danger must pass the ‘reasonably practicable’ test, i.e. not present a cost that is grossly
disproportionate to the benefits. The danger of inadvertent contact is primarily associated with electric shock and arc flash. To
avoid the danger of electric shock, the IET wiring regulations (BS 7671) suggest setting protection to secure clearance within
5sec. To avoid the danger of arc flash, IEEE 1584 recommendations for arc flash protection are to limit the product of fault
current and clearance time to less than 7000A2-sec (for 440V systems and a working distance of 0.38m). Both these sets of
guidelines are intended primarily for installations in premises. The baseline for system protection is the specific instructions for
construction and installation in the ESQC regulations, which will certainly protect the general public:
• an electrically continuous metallic screen connected with the earth, or some form of mechanical protection, shall be
provided for underground cables so that any tool will make contact with that protection or screen before it can make
contact with any live conductors (reg. 13);
• underground cables shall also be kept at such depth or be otherwise protected so as to avoid damage or danger (reg. 14)
• the height above ground of any overhead line, at the maximum likely temperature of that line, shall not be less than that
specified in the regulations (reg. 17).
If this were deemed to be all that were reasonably required to avoid danger, it would leave protecting the integrity of the
cable itself as the main purpose of fusing. ENATS 12-8 requires protecting only the main, but it is worth considering protecting
the service as well.
Options can therefore be summarised as:
• Prevent danger through fusing to 7000A2-sec or for a 5sec clearance; or
• Prevent danger through mechanical protection and protect the asset through fusing to a longer time.
It is theoretically possible to fuse LV systems with phase to earth loop impedance up to 250mΩ (the limit for flicker) to clear
the bulk of faults within 5sec, and a fault on the end of the network within 10sec, by using 250A units. However, this would
disproportionately restrict utilisation of cable and transformer capability and is therefore not reasonably practicable.
As we cannot reasonably fuse to clear faults within 5-10sec, we cannot use fuses to protect against inadvertent contact and
arc flash. BS HD 60269-2:2013, BS 88-2:2013 curves rise steeply between 10sec and 100sec, so fusing standards become
arbitrary, as no one setting is markedly safer than any other. That is, it makes little difference whether fuses would permit an
arc to persist for 30sec or 100sec, as either could cause serious injury. Further, in practice, faults are likely to burn clear
without causing operation of the fuse. It is, therefore, reasonable to set a standard that balances flexibility in design and
operation, secure in the knowledge that the system is reasonably safe (primarily due to construction and installation). Effective
utilisation of cables and transformers requires that 400A fuses be used in the majority of situations, leading to a standard of
clearing faults at the end of services in 60sec or, if systems are laid out in the absence of detailed knowledge of services,
clearing faults at the end of the main in 30sec. This requirement can be achieved under the circumstances below:
Table 25: Fusing and Capacity Values
Fuse Rating Loop impedance to end of service Loop impedance to end of main Capacity
(A) (mΩ) (mΩ) (kVA)
315 or less 280 242 218
400 212 191 276
The one exception to this 60sec rule is for eaves mains (under-eaves wiring). As these assets are installed on buildings, and
there is greater potential for inadvertent contact, best practice is to apply the 5s rule in BS 7671.

Appendix 4: HV Fuse Fault Level Ratings

The complete fuse assembly of expulsion type fuses, current limiting fuse, and solid links shall have the following minimum
rating which is outlined on section 3.3 of NPS/001/004.
Table 26: HV Fuse Current and Fault Level ratings22
Voltage Equipment Rated Current 3 Sec Rated Short 3 sec Rated Rated Fault Rated Peak Breaking
Type Time Withstand Peak withstand Make Current Fault Make capacity
Current Current (kA) Current
(kV) (A) (kA) (kA) (kA) (kA)
12/24 Expulsion Fuse 200A (with fuse) 323 7.523 323 7.523 8
Current Limiting 200A with fuse 3 25 7.5 25
325
7.525
43
Fuse
Solid 200 4 10 N/A N/A N/A
ASLs 200 4 (1 sec), 3.2 (3 sec) 10 (1 sec) N/A N/A N/A
Note:
a) The values detailed above refer to modern HV drop out expulsion fuse assemblies supplied in accordance with
NPS/001/004 and comprising composite insulator back portions with a universal fuse links. By comparison, the legacy
porcelain J & P units were limited to a fault break current of 5kA at 20kV or 8kA at 12kV. Where system fault levels in
excess of those detailed in the table above are experienced, then alternative rated equipment such as current-limiting
fuse shall be installed.
b) The ratings for Air Break Switch Disconnector (ABSD) both dependent manual and independent manual commonly
referred as Aerial Switch is provided on the ENATS 41-47 – Pole Mounted, Non-Enclosed: Switch-Disconnectors,
Disconnectors, Earthing Switches, Fuse Switches (Expulsion fuses), Solid Links and Automatic Sectionalising Links (ASLs).
22 Refer NPS/001/004: Technical Specification for 11kV, 20kV and 33kV Pole Mounted Expulsion Switch, Fuse Tube and Solid Link.
23 Refer ACE Report 75: Report on the Characteristics and Performance of Fuses for use on 11kV Overhead Lines.

Appendix 5: Auto Sectionalising Link Application

Circuit Fault Level Considerations
Care needs to be taken where auto sectionalising links are proposed to be installed particularly within the first protection zone
to ensure that any small section conductor is adequately protected. The operation of ASL’s in a typical distribution network is
illustrated in Figure 1.
Where the protection on the HV source circuit breaker is 2 instantaneous shots with a final IDMT, and two shot auto
sectionalising links are installed to protect a spur line comprising a small section conductor of 0.0225sq.inch Cu or less, then
auto sectionalising links must not be installed where the fault level at the point on the network, where the auto sectionalising
link is to be installed, exceeds 5kA. All spur lines where the fault level is above 5kA must be protected by either a PMAR or
expulsion or current limiting fuses.
Where the protection on the HV source circuit breaker is time delayed then auto sectionalising links must not be installed
where the fault level is above the following levels for the type of conductor being protected:
• 0.017sq.inch Cu Fault level must be below 2kA in all zones
• 0.0225sq.inch Cu – Fault level must be below 2kA in all zones
• 50mm2 AAAC – Fault level must be below 4.5kA in all zones
• 0.05sq.inch Cu – Fault level must be below 5kA in all zones
Calculation of Auto Sectionalising Link Rating

The pick-up current of the auto sectionalising links (Actuating Current) must be greater than twice the maximum full load
current of the circuit. The full load current of the circuit should be diversified where 2 or more transformers are connected to
the spur line downstream of the auto sectionalising links.
The assessment of full load current must take account of three phase and single phase connections along the spur line under
consideration. The maximum full load current can be calculated either by:
• Summation of the ‘Transformer Rating Amp’ values;
or
• Summation of the separate three phase and single phase transformer ratings and using:
- 11kV – 5.3A per 100kVA (3-ph) and 9.1A per 100kVA (1-ph)
- 20kV – 2.9A per 100kVA (3-ph) and 5.0A per 100kVA (1-ph)
Example:
Full load current (FLC) of spur = 40A
Diversified current = FLC/1.5 40/1.5 = 26.6A
Minimum Actuating Current 26.6 x 2 = 53.3A
The next highest auto sectionalising links actuating current is 56A (Refer Table 27 below). Auto sectionalising links must be
specified based on continuous rating therefore a 35A rated unit is required.
Table 27: Table showing ASL continuous current ratings and associated actuating currents
Auto Sectionalising Link continuous current rating Typical minimum actuating currents based on a 1.6x ratio
15A 24A
25A 40A
35A 56A
50A 80A
70A 112A
100A 160A
200A 320A

11kV and 20kV
AR PMARCB
Main Line
Spur Line
Auto Sectionalising Links
Fault current
Main line current
Load current
Auto-recloser contacts
Closed Open Open Closed
Trip Reclose Trip Reclose

Spur line sectionalising link Sectionaliser opens
operation
Spur line isolated
Dead
1st pulse noted and stored 2nd pulse noted
in sectionaliser’s memory period
noted
Figure 1: Typical Operation of ASL (Sequence showing 2 shot device) 24
24Figure 1 is based on an extract from Cooper Bussmann, “Fuseology Medium Voltage Fuses”, 2005And book from A. W. a. G. Newbery, Electric Fuses,
London: The institution of Engineering and Technology, 2008.

Appendix 6: HV Circuits affected by Fault Level

This appendix illustrates where fault level duty on the overhead networks could be an issue and the application of
current limiting fuse would help to manage the fault level issues associated with the drop out expulsion fuse. Figure 2
below provides the application of current limiting fuse against expulsion fuses. The current limiting fuse for overhead
networks comes in two variants 25A for 11kV and 20A for 20kV networks which can fitted to the common back portion
(i.e. fuse isolator) rated at 27kV.
11kV and 20kV
Symbols
Solid Link
Pole Mounted Expulsion Fuse
Current Limiting Fuse
Circuit breaker
Transformer
AR PMARCB
Main Line
Fault level < 8kA @11kV

or 5kA @20kV
Scenario 1
(Protection of major/minor spur line)
Pole Mounted Expulsion Fuse
Fault level > 8kA @11kV

or 5kA @20kV
Scenario 2
(Protection of major/minor spur line)
Fault level < 8kA @11kV

or 5kA @20kV
Scenario 3
(Protection of group of transformers)

& 5kA @20kV
Scenario 4
Fault level < 8kA @11kV or 5kA@20kV

& 5kA @20kV
Scenario 5
Fault level > 8kA @11kV or 5kA@20kV
Figure 2: Schematic arrangement for HV Circuits to Manage Fault Level with HV fuses

Appendix 7: Fuse Elements for 11kV and 20kV Fuse Units

Appendix 8: Time-Current Characteristics of HV Expulsion Fuse-Links
Figure 3: Time-Current Characteristics for Bussmann Type ‘T’ Expulsion Fuse-Links

Appendix 9: Time-Current Characteristics of LV fuses

Figure 4: Lawson “J” Type LV Fuse-Links Time-Current Characteristics

Appendix 10: I2t Characteristics of LV Fuses

Figure 5: Lawson “J” Type LV Fuse-Links I2t Characteristics

Appendix 11: Cut-Off Current Characteristics of LV Fuses

Figure 6: Lawson “J” Type LV Fuse-Links Cut-off Characteristics

Appendix 12: Expulsions Fuse-Link Ratings

Table 28: Expulsions Fuse-Link Ratings for Various 11kV Pole Mounted Transformers
Transformer Rating to be
PM GM PM GM
protected
Transformer Transformer Transformer Transformer
Voltage Phases kVA Amps Fuse Size Commodity Code Fuse Size Commodity Code Fuse Size Fuse Size
25 1.3 25Ab 245018 - - 100A -
50 2.6 Refer Table 4 Refer Table 4 - - Refer Table 4 -
75 4 25Ab 245018 - - 160A -
100 5.3 Refer Table 4 Refer Table 4 10A 245037 Refer Table4 160A
150 7.9 25Ab 245018 12A 245041 315A 200A
3 Phase 200 10.5 Refer Table 4 Refer Table 4 15A 245056 Refer Table 4 250A
300 15.8 25Ab 245018 25A 245018 400A 400A
315C 16.5 Refer Table 4 Refer Table 4 25A 245018 Refer Table 4 400A
500C 26.5 - - 40A 245060 - 500A
800C 42.4 - - 65A 245446 - 630Aa
1000C 53 - - 65A 245446 - 630Aa

11kV
75 6.8 25Ab 245018 - - 315A -
100 9.1 Refer Table 4 Refer Table 4 15A 245056 Refer Table 4 315A
1 Phase 150 13.6 40Ab 245060 15A 245056 400A 400A
3 Wire 167 15.2 40Ab 245060 25A 245018 400A 400A
225C 20.5 - - 30A 242518 - 400A
375C 34.1 - - 40A 245060 - 500A
580C 52.8 - - 65A 245446 - 630Aa
5 0.5 25Ab 245018 - - 100A -

1 Phase
15 1.4 25Ab 245018 - - 160A -
2 Wire
25 2.3 Refer Table 4 Refer Table 4 - - Refer Table 4
Note:
a) This table provides the maximum distributor LV fuse rating for HV/LV discrimination other than mentioned below.
The maximum permitted fuse size for the ground mounted LV system is 500A12 less than the 630A LV fuse which
would be permissible for grading with the HV. The maximum permitted fuse size on the pole mounted LV system is
400A as JPU fuse (PM LV fuse) are restricted to the 400A rated fixed contacts.
b) As there are different practices across the two business licenses for fusing pole mounted and inverted pole mounted
transformer. Please refer to Table 2 and Table 3 of IMP/001/912 which outlines the protection requirements in the
Northern Powergrid Northeast and Northern Powergrid Yorkshire.
c) Any new ground mounted transformer installed should be protected from ring main unit (if previously protected
from expulsion fuses). This also applies to split phase ground mounted transformers.
d) Refer to drawing 1091471503 sheet 3 for details on modifying the universal fuse elements to fit into historical legacy
fuse carriers.

Table 29: Expulsions Fuse-Link Ratings for Various 20kV Pole Mounted Transformers
Transformer Rating to be
PM GM PM GM
protected
Transformer Transformer Transformer Transformer
Voltage Phases kVA A Fuse Size Commodity Code Fuse SizeCommodity Code Fuse Size Fuse Size
25 0.7 25Ab 245018 - - 100A -
b
75 2.2 25A 245018 - - 160A -
150 4.3 25Ab 245018 10A 245037 315A 315A
3 Phase 200 5.8 Refer Table 4 Refer Table 4 10A 245037 Refer Table 4 315A
300 8.7 25Ab 245018 15A 245056 400A 400A
315C 9.1 Refer Table 4 Ref Table 4 15A 245056 Refer Table 4 400A
500C 14.5 - - 25A 245018 - 500A
800C 23.2 - - 40A 245060 - 500A
1000C 29 - - 40A 245060 - 630Aa

20kV 50 2.5 Refer Table 4 Refer Table 4 - - Refer Table 4 -
75 3.8 25Ab 245018 - - 315A -
100 5 Refer Table 4 Refer Table 4 10A 245037 Refer Table 4 315A
150 7.5 25Ab 245018 10A 245037 400A 400A
1 Phase
167 8.4 25Ab 245018 10A 245037 400A 400A
3 Wire
200 10 Refer Table 4 Refer Table 4 15A 245056 Refer Table 4 400A
225C 11.3 - - 15A 245056 - 400A
333C 16.7 - - 15A 245056 - 500A
375C 18.8 - - 25A 245018 - 500A
580C 29.1 - - 40A 245060 - 630Aa
5 0.3 25Ab 245018 - - 100A -

1 Phase
15 0.8 25Ab 245018 - - 160A -
2 Wire
Note:
a) This table provides the maximum distributor LV fuse rating for HV/LV discrimination other than mentioned below.
The maximum permitted fuse size for the ground mounted LV system is 500A 12 less than the 630A LV fuse which
would be permissible for grading with the HV. The maximum permitted fuse size on the pole mounted LV system is
400A as JPU fuse (PM LV fuse) are restricted to the 400A rated fixed contacts.
b) As there are different practices across the two business licenses for fusing pole mounted and inverted pole mounted
transformer. Please refer to Table 2 and Table 3 of IMP/001/912 which outlines the protection requirements in the
Northern Powergrid Northeast and Northern Powergrid Yorkshire.
c) Any new ground mounted transformer to be installed should be protected from ring main unit (if previously
protected from expulsion fuses). This also applies to split phase ground mounted transformers.
d) Refer to drawing 1091471503 sheet 3 for details on modifying the universal fuse elements to fit into historical legacy
fuse carriers.

Appendix 13: Fuse Rating for Overcurrent Protection on GM Network Transformer

with TLF Fuse-Links (Legacy)25
Table 30: 1600kVA Transformer Time Fuse Overcurrent (Legacy)25
1600kVA TRANSFORMER
Circuit Breaker with Time Fuses

Voltage Time Fuse to ENATS 12-6 Time Fuse Type Tin
CT Time Fuse Max 415V CT Time Fuse Max 415V
Ratio Rating Fuse Rating Ratio Rating Fuse Rating
20kV 50/5 15A 800A 50/5 15A 800A
80/5 7.5A 800A 80/5

80/5 12.5A 800A
11kV 100/5 12.5A 800A 100/5 15A 800A
120/5 10A 800A 120/5 12.5A 800A
6.6 & 6.3kV 200/5 10A 800A 200/5 12.5A 800A
5.75kV 200/5 12.5A 80A 200/5 15A 800A
5.3 & 5.0kV 200/5 12.5A 800A 200/5 15A 800A
Note:
a) This table provides the maximum distributor LV fuse rating for HV/LV discrimination. The maximum allowed fuse
size to utilise on the LV system is 500A12 whereas 630A LV fuse mentioned on the table above is the maximum
permissible LV fuse for grading with HV system.
b) The ratings shown for tin fuses do not apply to fuses compliant to ENATS 12-6.
c) Time fuse to ENATS 12-6 refers to the cartridge type time fuse, e.g. English Electric Type XF.
d) Time fuse type "Tin" refers to the time fuse of pure tin twisted wire construction, e.g. Reyrolle pattern.
e) For three phase transformers connected single phase use the CT ratio and fuse size recommended for the three
25
Refer legacy document O.551: Protection of Network Transformers And Low Voltage Distributors.


1250kVA TRANSFORMER

20kV 40/5 12.5A 600A 40/5 15A 800 A
50/5 10A 600A 80/5

50/5 12.5A 800 A
11kV 80/5 12.5A 600A 80/5 15A 800 A
100/5 10A 630A 100/5 12.5A 800 A
120/5 7.5A 600A 120/5 10A 800 A
6.6 & 6.3kV 200/5 7.5A 600A 200/5 10A 800 A
5.75kV 200/5 10A 600A 200/5 12.5A 800 A
5.3 & 5.0kV 200/5 10A 600A 200/5 12.5A 800 A
Note:
c) Time fuse to EA Technical Specification 12-6 refers to the cartridge type time fuse, e.g. English Electric Type XF.


1000kVA TRANSFORMER

20kV 40/5 10A 600A 40/5 12.5A 800 A
50/5 7.5A 600A 80/5

50/5 10A 800 A
11kV 80/5 10A 600A 80/5 12.5A 800 A
100/5 7.5A 630A 100/5 10A 800 A
120/5 5A 600A 120/5 7.5A 800 A
6.6 & 100/5 15A 600A 100/5 15A 800 A
6.3kV 120/5 12.5A 600A 120/5 12.5A 800 A
5.75kV 100/5 15A 600A 100/5 15A 800 A
120/5 12.5A 600A 120/5 12.5A 800 A
5.3 & 100/5 15A 600A 100/5 15A 800 A
5.0kV 120/5 15A 600A 120/5 15A 800 A
Note:


800kVA TRANSFORMER

20kV 30/5 12.5A 500A 30/5 15A 800 A
40/5 10A 600A 80/5

40/5 12.5A 800 A
50/5 7.5A 600A 50/5 10A 800 A
11kV 80/5 7.5A 500A 80/5 10A 800 A
100/5 7.5A 630A 100/5 7.5A 800 A
120/5 5A 600A 120/5 7.5A 800 A
Note:


750kVA TRANSFORMER

20kV 30/5 12.5A 500A 30/5 15A 800 A
40/5 10A 600A 80/5

40/5 12.5A 800 A
50/5 7.5A 600A 50/5 7.5A 600 A
11kV 50/5 12.5A 500A 50/5 15A 800 A
60/5 12.5A 630A 60/5 12.5A 600A
80/5 7.5A 500A 80/5 10A 800 A
6.6 & 80/5 12.5A 500A 80/5 15A 600A
6.3kV 100/5 12.5A 600A 100/5 12.5A 600A
120/5 10A 500A 120/5 12.5A 800 A
5.75kV 80/5 15A 600A 80/5 15A 600 A
100/5 12.5A 500A 100/5 15A 800 A
120/5 10A 500A 120/5 12.5 800 A
5.3 & 100/5 12.5A 500A 100/5 15A 600A
5.0kV 120/5 12.5A 500A 120/5 15A 800 A
Note:


500kVA TRANSFORMER

20kV 30/5 7.5A 400A 30/5 10A 600A
40/5 5A 400A 80/5

40/5 7.5A 600A
11kV 40/5 12.5A 500A 40/5 15A 600A
50/5 10A 500A 50/5 12.5A 600A
60/5 7.5A 500A 60/5 10A 600A
6.6 & 60/5 12.5A 400A 60/5 15A 600A
6.3kV 80/5 10A 400A 80/5 12.5A 500A
100/5 7.5A 400A 100/5 10A 600A
5.75kV 80/5 12.5A 500A 80/5 15A 600A
100/5 10A 500A 100/5 12.5A 600A
120/5 7.5A 500A 120/5 10A 600A
5.3 & 80/5 12.5A 400A 80/5 15A 600A
5.0kV 100/5 10A 400A 100/5 12.5A 500A
120/5 7.5A 400A 120/5 10A 600A
Note:


315kVA TRANSFORMER

Time Fuse to ENATS 12-6 Time Fuse Type Tin
Voltage
20kV 30/5 5A 315A 30/5 7.5A 400A
40/5 3A 315A 40/5 5A 400A
11kV 40/5 7.5A 315A 40/5 10A 400A
50/5 5A 315A 50/5 7.5A 400A
60/5 3A 200A 60/5 5A 400A
Note:
a) The ratings shown for tin fuses are not applicable to fuses to ENATS 12-6.
b) Time fuse to EA Technical Specification 12-6 refers to the cartridge type time fuse, e.g. English Electric Type XF.
c) Time fuse type "Tin" refers to the time fuse of pure tin twisted wire construction, e.g. Reyrolle pattern.
d) For three phase transformers connected single phase use the CT ratio and fuse size recommended for the three


300kVA TRANSFORMER

20kV 30/5 5A 315A 30/5 7.5A 400A
40/5 3A 315A 40/5 5A 400A
11kV 40/5 7.5A 315A 40/5 10A 400A
50/5 5A 315A 50/5 7.5A 400A
60/5 3A 200A 60/5 5A 400A
6.6 & 40/5 12.5A 315A 40/5 15A 400A
6.3kV 50/5 10A 315A 50/5 12.5A 400A
60/5 7.5A 315A 60/5 10A 400A
5.75kV 40/5 15A 315A 40/5 15A 400A
50/5 10A 200A 50/5 12.5A 400A
60/5 10A 315A 60/5 12.5A 400A
5.3 & 40/5 15A 315A 40/5 15A 400A
5.0kV 50/5 12.5A 315A 50/5 15A 400A
60/5 10A 200A 60/5 12.5A 400A
Note:
a) The ratings shown for tin fuses are not applicable to fuses to ENATS 12-6.
b) Time fuse to EA Technical Specification 12-6 refers to the cartridge type time fuse, e.g. English Electric Type XF.
c) Time fuse type "Tin" refers to the time fuse of pure tin twisted wire construction, e.g. Reyrolle pattern.
d) For three phase transformers connected single phase use the CT ratio and fuse size recommended for the three

Appendix 14: Network Transformers Controlled By Switch Fuses (Legacy)25

14.1. The range of legacy distribution transformers to be protected is from 100kVA to 1600kVA.
14.2. There are legacy substations which are still protected by HV switch fuses (cartridge type) both fuses in oil and air
apart from the new substation which is protected by HV TLF fuses in conjunction with circuit breaker.
14.3. ENATS 12-8 Issue 3 "The application of fuse-links to 11kV/415V and 6.6kV/415V distribution networks” relates
to co-ordination between 11kV and 415V fuse-links and specifies for both types of standard envelopes within
which time current curves must lie. 11kV fuse-links complying with ENATS 12-8 were previously marked by the
manufacturer with a reference indicating the rated voltage (in kV), whether for use in air (AIR) or oil (OIL) and
the size of transformer for which it is suitable (e.g. 3 for 300kVA). Thus a fuse bearing the reference 11OIL5 is an
11kV fuse for use in oil and suitable for the control of a 500kVA transformer.
14.4. The present referencing convention is A for air fuses, O for oil fuses followed by number 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5
representing transformer ratings of 200, 315, 500, 800 and 1000kVA respectively. Current ratings only are given
on fuses for transformers above 1000kVA as these fall outside the scope of ENATS 12-8.
14.5. NPg uses HV fuses complying with ENATS 12-8 for 6kV, 11kV and 20kV transformers, as indicated in

14.6. Table 39 which additionally shows the maximum rating of 415V fuse which will discriminate with HV fuses.
14.7. The same fuses will also be used to protect 5kV - 6.6kV transformers whenever possible.

14.9. Table 40 specifies suitable fuse ratings for transformers up to 800kVA. As no ENATS 12-8 fuse is suitable for use
with a 300/315kVA transformer, fuses of appropriate current rating are specified.
14.10. Table 38 gives suitable current ratings of 20kV fuse-links selected from the range offered by NPg three principal
suppliers. As the physical dimensions of 20kV and some 11kV fuse-links are identical, links for use on the 20kV
system are marked 24kV in red on the barrel of the fuse, in addition to the normal type and rating particulars
which are stamped on the metal end cap. The packaging of these fuses is also clearly marked "24kV fuse". Fuses
without these markings should not be used in 20kV ring main units.
14.11. The fuse ratings specified in Table 38,

14.12. Table 39 and

14.14. Table 40 will operate for faults in the transformer LV terminal zone. The use of HV fuse ratings in excess of those
given in the tables is not permitted as this may result in the LV terminal zone being inadequately protected.
14.15. NPg protection staff should be consulted regarding the rating of fuses to be used for transformers with ratings
or voltages not included in the tables. Appendix 2 notes on "Selection of HV Fuse-Links with HV/LV
discrimination" outlines the principles to be employed.
14.16. Fuses now in use on the HV system should not be changed solely in order to bring ratings into conformity with
this Instruction. However, after operation of one or more fuses of a set, irrespective of whether in accordance
with this instruction, the complete set of fuses should be replaced by fuses complying with the instruction.

Appendix 15: HV Fuse-Links for Network Transformers with Maximum LV Distributor Fuse Rating (Legacy)25
Table 38: HV Fuse-Links for 20kV Transformers (Legacy)25
TRANSFORMER RATING 1600kVA 1250kVA 1000kVA 750/800kVA 500kVA 300/315kVA 200kVA
Fuse Type Fuse in Oil Fuse in Oil Fuse in Oil Fuse in Oil Fuse in Oil Fuse in Oil Fuse in Oil
Stock Catalogue No 287843 287843 287843 287843 287839 287824 280011
Brush (Hawker) Type OEGMA OEGMA OEGMA OEGMA OEGMA OEGMA OEGMA
HV Fusegear Rating 50A 50A 50A 50A 31.5A 20A 10A
Max 433 V Fuse for Discrimination 600A 600A 600A 500A 500A 315A 200A
B&S Type OQGRN OQGRN OQGRN OQGRN OQGRN OQGRN OQGRN

HV Fuses Rating 50A 50A 50A 50A 31.5A 20A 16A
GEC Type KTMXO KTMXO KTMXO KTMXO KTMXO KTMXO KTMXO

HV Fusegear Rating 50A 50A 50A 40A 32A 20A 10A
Note:
a) The maximum LV fuse size mentioned on the table above is for discrimination purpose only. The maximum allowed LV fuse is limited to 500A due to current carrying of
rating of 300mm2 WNE cable.
b) For three phase transformers connected single phase use the fuse recommended for the three phase transformer rating.

Table 39: HV Fuse-Links for 11kV Transformers (Legacy)25 26

TRANSFORMER RATING 1600kVA 1250kVA 1000kVA 750/800kVA 500kVA 300/315kVA 200kVA 100kVA
Fuse Type Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse Fuse
in Oil in Air in Oil in Air in Oil in Air in Oil in Air in Oil in Air in Oil in Air in Oil in Air in Oil in Air
Stock Catalogue No 361524 361717 361789 361721 287805 287665 287788 287627 287716 287631 287699 287608 288009 287595 287970 361793
ENATS 12-8 Ref 05 A5 04 A4 03 A3 02 A2 01 A1
Pre 1986 ENATS Ref 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
OIL 10 AIR 10 OIL 8 AIR 8 OIL 5 AIR 5 OIL 3 AIR 3 OIL 2 AIR 2
Brush (Hawker) Type OLGMA AKGHD OHGHD AKGHD OHGMA BFGHD OHGMA BFGHD OEFMA BDGHC OEFMA BDGHC OEFMA BDGHC
HV Fusegear Rating 125A 125A 100A 112 A 90A 100A 80A 71A 50A 45A 31.5A 31.5A 20A 20A
Max 433 V Fuse for Discrimination 600A 600A 600A 600A 600A 600A 600A 600A 400A 500A 315A 315A 200A 200A
B & S HV Fuses Type OSGRN OSGRN SRGRN OQGRN SRGRN OQGRN SRGSC OQFRN SOGSC OQFRN SOGSC OQFRN SOGSC OQFRN SOGSC
Rating 125A 100A 100A 90A 90A 80A 71A 56 A 45A 40A 31.5A 20A 20A 10A 10A
Max 433 V Fuse for Discrimination 600A 600A 600A 600A 600A 600A 600A 500A 500A 400A 315A 200A 200A 60A 60A
GEC HV Type KEMXO KEMXO K16EAX KEMXO K16EAX KEMXO K16EAX KEBXO K16EAX KEBXO K16EAX KEBXO K16EAX KEBXO
Fusegear Rating 120A 100A 100A 90A 85A 80A 70A 50A 45A 40A 30A 25A 25A 16A
Max 433 V Fuse for Discrimination 600A 600A 600A 600A 600A 600A 600A 500A 500A 400A 315A 200A 200A 100A
Note:
a) The maximum LV fuse size mentioned on the table above is for discrimination purpose only. The maximum allowed LV fuse is limited to 500A due to current carrying of
rating of 300mm2 WNE cable.
b) For three phase transformers connected single phase use the fuse recommended for the three phase transformer rating.
26 Refer ENATS 12-8: The Application of Fuse links to 11kV/400V and 6.6kV/400V Underground Distribution Networks.

Table 40: HV Fuse-Links for 5kV - 6.6kV Transformers (Legacy)25 26

TRANSFORMER RATING 750/800kVA 500kVA 300/315kVA 200kVA
Fuse Type Fuse in Oil Fuse in Air Fuse in Oil Fuse in Air Fuse in Oil Fuse in Air Fuse in Oil Fuse in Air
Stock Catalogue Number 287805 287665 287805 287665 288013 287612 287699 287608
ENATS 12-8 Ref 05 A5 05 A5 - - 02 A2
Pre 1986 ENATS Ref 11OIL10 11AIR10 11OIL10 11AIR10 - - 11OIL3 11AIR3
Brush (Hawker) Type OHGMA BFGHD OHGMA BFGHD OHGMA BGDHC OEFMA BDGHC
HV Fusegear Rating 90A 100A 90A 100A 71A 50A 31.5A 31.5A
Max 433 V fuse rating for discrimination 400A 500A 400A 500A 315A 315A 200A 200A
B & S HV Fuses Type OQGRN SRGSC OQGRN SRGSC OQGRN SOGSC OQFRN SOGSC
Rating 90A 90A 90A 90A 63A 50A 40A 31.5A
GEC HV Fusegear Type KEMXO K16EAX KEMXO K16EAX KEMXO K16EAX KEMXO K16EAX
Rating 90A 70A 90A 50A 63A 30A 40A 30A
Note:
a) For three phase transformers connected single phase use the fuse recommended for the three phase transformer rating.

Appendix 16: Time Limit Fuses (Legacy)25

Pure Tin Time Fusewire for elements of twisted wire construction
Table 41: Tin Overcurrent Time Fuses (Legacy)25
Rating in A 1.0 2.5 3.0 5.0 7.5 10 12.5 15 20
S.W.G. 36 31 27 24 22 20 19 18 17
Note:
a) Re-wireable time fuses supplied by this manufacturer consist of a barrel with a colour coded replacement element.
The following table gives details of the elements which are equivalent to the standard pure tin type of fuse as
supplied by Reyrolle and Yorkshire Switchgear and referred to in Table 30, Table 31, Table 32, Table 33, Table 34,
Table 35, Table 36 and Table 37.
Table 42: Switchgear and Cowan Overcurrent Time Fuses (Legacy)25

Reyrolle or YSE Switchgear and Cowans Ltd
Rating Rating Colour Colour Number
3A 2.5A Natural D99.00.5009
5A 5A Black D99.00.582
7.5A 7.5A White D99.00.583
10A 7.5A White D99.00.583
12.5A 12.5A Brown D99.00.584
Note:
a) When Switchgear and Cowan time limit fuses are not available it is possible to utilise the equivalent YSE fuses by
adjustment of the fuse clips.


Code of Practice On Fusing

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Document Reference:- IMP/001/921 Document Type:- Code of Practice

Version:- 3.0 Date of Issue:- July 2022 Page 1 of 63

IMP/001/921 - Code of Practice on Fusing

Reference Version Date Title

• IMP/001/911 - Code of Practice for Economic Development of the LV System; and

• IMP/001/912 - Code of Practice for Economic Development of the HV System.

Information Classification – PUBLIC

2.1. Table of Contents

6. Authority for Issue ...................................................................................................................................... 28

Appendix 1 – Schedule of Items ..................................................................................................................................... 29

Appendix 2: Selection of HV Fuse-Links with HV/LV Discrimination ............................................................................... 33

Appendix 3: Reasonably Practical Review for LV Fusing ................................................................................................. 35

Appendix 4: HV Fuse Fault Level Ratings........................................................................................................................ 36

Information Classification – PUBLIC

Appendix 5: Auto Sectionalising Link Application .......................................................................................................... 37

Appendix 6: HV Circuits affected by Fault Level ............................................................................................................. 39

Appendix 8: Time-Current Characteristics of HV Expulsion Fuse-Links ........................................................................... 41

Appendix 9: Time-Current Characteristics of LV fuses .................................................................................................... 42

Appendix 10: I2t Characteristics of LV Fuses ................................................................................................................... 43

Appendix 11: Cut-Off Current Characteristics of LV Fuses .............................................................................................. 44

Appendix 12: Expulsions Fuse-Link Ratings .................................................................................................................... 45

Appendix 14: Network Transformers Controlled By Switch Fuses (Legacy) 25 ................................................................. 55

Appendix 16: Time Limit Fuses (Legacy)25 ...................................................................................................................... 63

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2.2. List of Tables

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Table 37: 300kVA Transformer Time Fuse Overcurrent (Legacy)25...............................................................................................54

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Protection of Distribution Transformers

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Transformers Protected By HV Drop Out Expulsion Fuses (DOEF)

Information Classification – PUBLIC

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Current Limiting Fuse Links

Information Classification – PUBLIC

Automatic Sectionalising Links (ASL)7

• prevent danger, so far as is reasonably practicable; and

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Table 1: Fusing and Capacity Values for Greater Than 139kVA

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LV Earth Loop Impedance (ELI)

Positioning of Section Fuses

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Discrimination Between Fuse in Series

Low Voltage Domestic Fuse-Links

Low Voltage Street Lighting Fuse-Links

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Voltage CT Ratio 1500kVA Transformer 1250kVA Transformer

Voltage CT Ratio 1000kVA Transformer 800kVA Transformer

Voltage CT Ratio 500kVA Transformer 315kVA Transformer

Information Classification – PUBLIC

Split Phase 50 4.6 25Ab 245018 160A 280740

25 2.3 25Ab 245018 200A 280774

50 1.4 25Ab 245018 100A 280721

Split Phase 50 2.5 25Ab 245018 160A 280740

25 1.3 25Ab 245018 200A 280774

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Pad Mounted Transformer

315 9.1 80A 381576 65A 400A 280863

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