INTERNATIONAL IEC

STANDARD 60770-2
Second edition
2003-01

Transmitters for use in industrial-process

control systems –
Part 2:
Methods for inspection and routine testing
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Transmetteurs utilisés dans les systèmes de conduite

des processus industriels –

Partie 2:
Méthodes pour l'inspection et les essais individuels de série

Reference number
IEC 60770-2:2003(E)

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 INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60770-2
Second edition
2003-01

Transmitters for use in industrial-process

control systems –
Part 2:
Methods for inspection and routine testing

Transmetteurs utilisés dans les systèmes de conduite

des processus industriels –

Partie 2:
Méthodes pour l'inspection et les essais individuels de série

 IEC 2003  Copyright - all rights reserved

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 –2– 60770-2  IEC:2003(E)

CONTENTS
FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................... 3
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 4
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1 Scope and object ............................................................................................................. 5

2 Normative references ....................................................................................................... 5
3 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................... 6
4 Sampling for test .............................................................................................................. 7
5 Performance tests ............................................................................................................ 7
5.1 Test conditions ....................................................................................................... 7
5.2 Preconditioning ....................................................................................................... 8
5.3 Adjustments ............................................................................................................ 8
5.4 Tests under reference conditions ............................................................................ 8
5.5 Effects of influence quantities ................................................................................10
6 Test report and documentation ........................................................................................12

Figure 1 – Typical measured error plot.................................................................................... 9

Figure 2 – Two examples of responses to a step input ...........................................................10
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

___________

TRANSMITTERS FOR USE IN INDUSTRIAL-PROCESS

CONTROL SYSTEMS –

Part 2: Methods for inspection and routine testing

FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
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5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 60770-2 has been prepared by subcommittee 65B: Devices, of IEC
technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement and control.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1989 and constitutes
a technical revision.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

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FDIS Report on voting

65B/468/FDIS 65B/477/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

A bilingual edition may be issued at a later date.

The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2008. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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INTRODUCTION

The methods of inspection and routine testing specified in this standard are intended for use in
acceptance tests or after repair to verify the fulfilment of the performance specifications as
established by the user. The methods given in this standard are primarily intended for the
testing of conventional analogue transmitters. For setting up test procedures for
microprocessor-based instruments IEC 62098 should be consulted.

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 60770-2  IEC:2003(E) –5–

TRANSMITTERS FOR USE IN INDUSTRIAL-PROCESS

CONTROL SYSTEMS –

Part 2: Methods for inspection and routine testing

1 Scope and object

This part of IEC 60770 is applicable to transmitters, which have either a standard analogue
electric current output signal or a standard pneumatic output signal in accordance with
IEC 60381-1 or IEC 60382. The tests detailed herein may be applied to transmitters which have
other output signals, provided that due allowance is made for such differences.

For certain types of transmitters, where the sensor is an integral part, other specific IEC or ISO
standards may need to be consulted (e.g. for chemical analyzers, flow-meters, etc.)

This standard is intended to provide technical methods for inspection and routine testing
of transmitters, for instance, for acceptance tests or after repair. For a full evaluation,
IEC 60770-1 shall be used.

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Quantitative criteria for acceptable performance should be established by agreement between
manufacturer and user.

By agreement the tests need not be carried out by an accredited laboratory.

2 Normative references

At the time of the publication the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are sub-
ject to revision, and parties to agreements based on these normative documents are encouraged
to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents
indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International
Standards.

IEC 60050-351:1998, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 351: Automatic Control

IEC 60381-1:1982, Analogue signals for process control systems – Part 1: Direct current
signals

IEC 60382:1991, Analogue pneumatic signal for process control systems

IEC 60410:1973, Sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes

IEC 60770-1:1999, Transmitters for use in industrial-process control systems – Part 1: Methods
for performance evaluation

IEC 61298-1:1995, Process measurement and control devices. – General methods and
procedures for evaluating performance – Part 1: General considerations

IEC 61298-2:1995, Process measurement and control devices – General methods and pro-
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cedures for evaluation performance – Part 2: Test under reference conditions

IEC 61298-3:1998, Process measurement and control devices – General methods and
procedures for evaluating performance – Part 3: Tests for the effects of influence quantities

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IEC 61298-4:1995, Process measurement and control devices – General methods and proced-
ures for evaluating performance – Part 4: Evaluation report content

IEC 62098:2000, Evaluation methods for microprocessor-based instruments

3 Terms and definitions

The main terms used for measuring the physical quantities are those used in IEC 60050-351
and IEC 61298. For the purpose of this standard the following terms apply:

3.1
acceptance test

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a test to prove to the user that the device complies with the performance specifications as they
appear in the contract

3.2
variable
quantity or condition whose value is subject to change and can usually be measured (e.g.
temperature, flow rate, speed, signal, etc.)

3.3
signal
physical variable, one or more parameters of which carry information about one or more
variables, which the signal represents

3.4
range
region of the values between the lower and upper limits of the quantity under consideration

3.5
span
algebraic difference between the upper and lower limit values of a given range

3.6
test procedure
statement of the tests to be carried out, and the conditions for each test, agreed between
the manufacturer, the test laboratory, and the purchaser/user before the evaluation starts

3.7
maximum measured error
largest positive or negative value of error of the upscale or downscale value of each point of
measurement

3.8
hysteresis
the greatest difference between the upscale and downscale output readings at one point

3.9
step response
the time response of a transmitter produced by a stepwise variation of one of the input
variables

3.10
influence quantity
test parameter chosen to represent one aspect of the environment under which a device may
operate.

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4 Sampling for test

If, by agreement between user and manufacturer, tests are to be performed only on samples, it
is recommended that a sampling method such as that presented in IEC 60410 be selected.
When sampling is used, transmitters to be tested may be chosen by the user.

5 Performance tests

The tests listed in 5.4 and 5.5 shall be performed. Under certain circumstances, the user
may not require every test to be carried out. The sequence of the tests shall be such that
the results of a test are not affected by a previous test, provided proper pre-conditioning has
been performed.

5.1 Test conditions

5.1.1 Ambient conditions

– Temperature from 15 °C to 25 °C
– Relative humidity from 45 % to 75 %
– Atmospheric pressure from 86 kPa to 106 kPa
– Electromagnetic field value to be stated if relevant.

The maximum rate of change of ambient temperature permissible during any test shall be 1 °C
in 10 min, but not more than 3 °C per hour.

5.1.2 Supply conditions

Electrical supply:

– rated voltage ±1 %;
– rated frequency ±1 %;
– harmonic distortion (a.c. supply) less than 5 %;
– ripple (d.c. supply) less than 0,1 %.

Pneumatic supply:

– rated pressure ±3 %;
– supply air temperature ambient temperature ±2 °C;
– supply air humidity dew-point at least 10 °C below device body temperature;
– oil and dust content oil: less than 1 × 10 −6 by weight;
dust: absence of particles greater than 3 µm.

5.1.3 Load conditions

Electrical instrumentation:

– voltage output signals: the minimum load value specified by the manufacturer;
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– current output signals: the maximum load value specified by the manufacturer.

Pneumatic instrumentation:

– a rigid tube 8 m long and 4 mm internal diameter connected to a 20 cm³ rigid container.

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5.2 Preconditioning

For preconditioning, with power applied to the transmitter, sufficient time, not less than 30 min,
should be allowed to ensure stabilization of the operating temperature of the transmitter.

5.3 Adjustments

The routine tests shall be carried out (as an acceptance test or after repair) with the
adjustments for lower range value, span and damping determined by the user in consultation
with the manufacturer.

5.4 Tests under reference conditions

5.4.1 Measured error and hysteresis

The input-output characteristic under reference conditions shall be measured in one

measurement cycle, traversing the full range in each direction. For this, at least five points of
measurement should be evenly distributed over the range; they should include points at or near
(within 10 % of span) the 0 % and 100 % values of the span.
NOTE For instruments with a non-linear input-output relationship (e.g. square law), the test points should be
chosen so as to obtain output values equally distributed over the output span.

Measurement procedure

Initially, an input signal equal to the lower range value is generated and the value of the
corresponding input and output signal is noted. Then the input signal is slowly increased to
reach, without overshoot, the first test point. After an adequate stabilization period, the value of
the corresponding input and output signal is noted.

The operation is repeated for all the predetermined values up to 100 % of the input span. After
measurement at this point, the input signal is slowly brought down, without overshoot, to the

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test value directly below 100 % of input span, and then to all other values in turn down to 0 %
of input span, thus closing the measurement cycle.

The difference between the output signal values obtained at the test points for each upscale
and downscale traverse and the corresponding ideal values are recorded as the measured
errors. The errors generally shall be expressed as percent of the ideal output span. All the
error values thus obtained shall be shown in a tabular form (see Table 1) and presented
graphically (see Figure 1).

Table 1 – Typical measured errors

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Output (% of span) 0 20 40 60 80 100

Measured error up 0,09 −0,04 −0,23 −0,22 0,10
Measured error down −0,06 0,26 0,17 −0,08 −0,13
Maximum measured error −0,06 0,26 0,17 −0,23 −0,22 0,10

Hysteresis 0,17 0,21 0,15 0,09

From Table 1, the maximum measured error found is 0,26 % and the maximum hysteresis is
0,21 %. The data from Table 1 are plotted in Figure 1.

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 60770-2  IEC:2003(E) –9–

0,3

0,2
Maximum measured error
Deviation, % output span

0,1
Maximum hysteresis
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-0,1

-0,2

-0,3
Output (% span)
IEC 255/03

Figure 1 – Typical measured error plot

5.4.2 Step response

Output loading:
Electrical transmitters Values specified by the manufacturer or a 0,1 µF capacitor in
parallel with the reference load resistance.

Pneumatic transmitters An 8 m length of 4 mm internal diameter rigid pipe connected to

a 20 cm 3 rigid container.

Measurement procedure

Two steps corresponding to 80 % of output span, preferably from 10 % to 90 %, then from

90 % to 10 % shall be applied.

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The settling time, the time for the output to reach and remain within 1 % of the span of its

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steady state value shall be reported for each step. The amount of dead time, rise time, time
constant and overshoot (in percentage of span), if any, shall also be reported. Figure 2
illustrates the definitions of the times and gives examples of responses to a positive step input.
NOTE If there is difficulty in generating or recording an accurate input step, due to the physical characteristics or
range of the input variable, the dynamics required for this test should be agreed between the manufacturer and
the user. Where there is no concern about the step response, this test may be omitted.

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 – 10 – 60770-2  IEC:2003(E)

Input signal

Input step to produce required

output response

Transient
overshoot
Output
response Final steady Specified band ± 1 %
output

100 %
90 %

Dead
time
10 % Rise time

Step response time Time

Settling time

Output
response Final steady −1%
state value
100 %

63 %

Dead
time

Time constant Time

Settling time
IEC 256/03

Figure 2 – Two examples of responses to a step input

5.5 Effects of influence quantities

Input signals: the tests described, in 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3 and5.5.4, shall each be conducted with
input signals of 0 % and 100 % of span if the transmitter output is able to go at least 2 % below
its lower range value and at least 2 % above its upper range value. Otherwise, suitable input
signals such as 5 % and 95 % of span shall be substituted.

Output load: electrical transmitters should be connected to maximum rated output load (for
current output).

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60770-2  IEC:2003(E) – 11 –

5.5.1 Power supply variations

Using each chosen input signal, the user shall measure and report the change of output in
percentages of span at the following variations in power supply or at the manufacturers stated
limits, whichever is smaller:

Voltage variation: +10 % to –15 % of nominal a.c. voltage and +20 % to –15 % for nominal d.c.
voltage (IEC 61298-3) (for 2-wire transmitters the load has also to be taken in account).

Pneumatic supply pressure variation: +10 % to –15 % of nominal pressure (IEC 61298-3).

5.5.2 Ambient temperatures

The user shall measure and report at 0 % and 100 % input signal the change in observed
output signal. This shall be carried out at each of the following ambient temperatures:

a) 20 °C (reference);
b) maximum operating temperature specified by the manufacturer;
c) 20 °C;
d) minimum operating temperature specified by the manufacturer;
e) 20 °C;

The tolerance for each test temperature should be ±2 °C and the rate of change of ambient
temperature should be less than 1 °C per minute.

Before measuring the influence effect, sufficient time (usually 3 h) shall be allowed for
stabilization of the temperature of all parts of the transmitter.

Output changes shall be reported as percentages of output span.

NOTE This test may be omitted only where there is no concern about ambient temperature effects.

5.5.3 Over-range

Before this test, measurements of the output shall be performed at 0 % and 100 % input
values. The input shall then be increased to the maximum over-range value specified by the
manufacturer. After the over-range value has been applied for 1 min, the input shall be reduced
to the nominal lower range value. After a further 5 min have elapsed, using the same input
levels as before, determine the changes in observed output values.

Differential pressure transmitters are to be tested for over-range effects in both directions.
They shall be tested as described above, first over-ranging the positive chamber and then
over-ranging the negative chamber. The changes in output, determined after over-ranging in
each direction, shall be reported.

Output changes shall be reported as percentages of output span.

5.5.4 Static line pressure

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This test shall be carried out on transmitters, which in normal operation are subjected to line
pressure.

Before this test, measurements of the output shall be performed at 0 % and 100 % input
values. The pressure shall be changed from atmospheric to the full working pressure of the
instrument. For some applications, this test may also be required to be performed at pressures
below atmospheric pressure. Using the same input levels, as before, the changes in observed
output values shall be measured.

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NOTE Measuring the static pressure influence with inputs other than zero differential pressure is very difficult to
realize for differential pressure transmitters. If this should be required, a separate agreement between manufacturer
and user is recommended.

Output changes shall be reported as percentages of output span.

6 Test report and documentation

A complete test report of the evaluation shall be prepared after the completion of the tests. The
test report shall have the following generic lay-out:

• Title page with

– abridged name and type/model number of the instrument;
– name of the manufacturer;
– name and address of the laboratory;
– names and signatures of evaluator and his next principal (report authorizer);
– identification code of the report and date of issue.
• Introduction with
– aim of the tests;
– name and address of the manufacturer;
– model, type, serial number and date of manufacture (or final assembly) of the
instrument;
– short description of the instrument, type and number of sensors, measuring range,
recording method, measurement intervals, memory size in terms of number of
messages, supply and energy consumption;
– period and year in which tests are performed;

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– test methods used and test methods omitted or varied.
• Conclusions and test results with
– a summary with conclusions with respect to the applicability based on the test results
and other qualitative findings;
– a table in which all test results are conveniently arranged.

All the original documentation related to the measurements made during the tests shall be
stored by the user for at least two years after the report is issued.

___________

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//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~":#"::"::~~#^~:^:@:~*:$"\\
 //^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~":#"::"::~~#^~:^:@:~*:$"\\
--``````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

Provided by IHS under license with IEC
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 --``````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISBN 2-8318-6839-4

-:HSMINB=][]X^Y:
ICS 25.040.40; 17.020

Typeset and printed by the IEC Central Office

GENEVA, SWITZERLAND

Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission

Provided by IHS under license with IEC
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale

//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~":#"::"::~~#^~:^:@:~*:$"\\