INTERNSHIP-VI (11360004)

An Internship Report on

“CONSTRUCTION OF G+5 COMMERCIAL

ANDRESIDENTIAL AT 33 HARMAIN”
Completed at

KANHAI ENGINEERS

Submitted by

PRAJAPATI AKASH MAHESHBHAI

22021302020006

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

Diploma Engineering
in

Civil Engineering Department

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Monark University, Vahelal

[SUMMER 2024]
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
MONARK UNIVERSITY
Vahelal,Ahmedabad

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Internship report submitted has been carried out by PRAJAPATI
AKASH MAHESHBHAI (22021302020006) at KANHAI ENGINEERS under my guidance in partial
fulfilment in 5th Semester for the Diploma Engineering in Civil Engineering of Monark University, Vahelal
during the academic year 2023-24.

Prof. Vrundani Vaidya Dr. Jaydip Jadia

Internal Guide Head of the Department
Civil Engineering Department
CERTIFICATE OF COMPANY/INDUSTRY
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
MONARK UNIVERSITY
Vahelal, Ahmedabad.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Internship report submitted along with the Internship entitled STRUCTURAL
DETAILING submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of the of Diploma Engineering in Civil
Engineering to Monark University, Vahelal, is a bonafide record of original project work carried out by me,
at KANHAI ENGINEERS under the supervision of AMIT K BHARVAD and that no part of this report has
been directly copied from any students’ reports or taken from any other source, without providing due
reference.

Name of Student: PRAJAPATI AKASH MAHESHBHAI

Sign of Student :
 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the guide, Prof.jaydip jadia for her invaluable guidance,
support, and encouragement throughout the process. His expertise, patience, and feedback have been
instrumental in shaping my ideas and guiding me towards the completion of this Internship.

I would also like to extend my appreciation to the faculty members of the Civil Department as well as H.O.D
of Civil Department, Prof. Jaydip Jadia, for their valuable insights and feedback on my Internship. Their
critiques, suggestions, and encouragement have helped me to develop a deeper understanding of the subject
matter.

In addition, I would like to thank my Family and Friends for their unwavering support and encouragement
throughout this journey. Their love, motivation, and belief in me have been the driving force behind my
academic success.

Once again, I express my deepest gratitude to all those members who have contributed to the successful
completion of this thesis and progress.
 Acknowledgement

I want to express my gratitude to Harmain Realtors LLP for giving

me an opportunity to study and analyse construction practice of the 33
Harmain. I would also like to thank the site engineers who supported
and guided whenever I had queries and doubts.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my mentor Prof. AMIT K

BHARVAD and all the faculty members for helping me through
study, research and preparation of survey report by giving the
necessary suggestions and advices along with their valuable co-
ordination in conduction of this report.

I also want to express my sincere thanks to Prof. Zalak Bhavsar,

HOD of Civil Engineering Dept, LJIET for her guidance and support.

I also thank my parents and family, for their continuous support and
encouragement.

Thank You
PRAJAPATI AKASH M.
 Table of Contents

Certificate

Joining and Completion Letter

Acknowledgement

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................7
1.1 Site Overview ..............................................................................................7
1.2 Details of the project:...................................................................................7
1.3 Project Amenities.......................................................................................10
2. Scope, approach and methodology of assessment........................................14
3. Key Observations And Analysis From Site .................................................15
3.1 Construction of Pedestal and Footing ...........................................................15
3.2 Column Reinforcement with Stirrups ...........................................................16
3.3 Casting of Column ........................................................................................20
3.4 Laying of Plain Cement Concrete .................................................................22
3.5 Slab Curing ...................................................................................................24
3.6 Construction of Tie Beams ...........................................................................26
3.7 Retaining wall on site: ..................................................................................27
4. Conclusions and Key Learnings: ..................................................................28
5. Bibliography .................................................................................................31
Annexure .............................................................................................................32
 List of Tables
Table 1: Details of the project .............................................................. 8
Table 2: Column Description ............................................................. 16

List of Figures
Figure 1 Site Location Plan .................................................................. 7
Figure 2: Site visualization .................................................................. 8
Figure 3: Proposed Elevation................................................................ 9
Figure 4: 2 Dimension Floor Plan of the apartment .......................... 12

Figure 5: 3 Dimension Plan of apartment .......................................... 13

Figure 6: Pedestal, Footing and Column ............................................ 15
Figure 7: Analysis of 300 x 600 mm column .................................... 18
Figure 8 Casting of column ................................................................ 21
Figure 9 Laying of PCC on site .......................................................... 23
Figure 10 : Curing of concrete slab on site ......................................... 25
Figure 11 Placement of Tie Beams on site ......................................... 26
Figure 12 Retaining wall on site ......................................................... 27
Figure 13: Construction of RCC Formwork ....................................... 29
Figure 14 : Columns covered with cover blocks and layer of zinc
peroxide on steel to avoid rust
............................................................................................................. 3
0
1. Introduction

1.1 Site Overview

The Harmain 33 is a residential and commercial building

featuring 2BHK. It is located near Amwaj Residency, Sarkhej
plot 33, Ahmedabad. It is currently under construction. The site
is connected to TP 85 road which is a prime area and has good
connectivity and accessibility. It also has recreational facilities
along the surroundings with residential and commercial
development with mixed use fabric.
Figure 1 Site Location Plan

1.1 Details of the project:

The project has been developed in an area of 0.93 Acres. It is
currently Under Construction. Available configurations include
2 BHK. As per the area plan, units are in the size range of 643.0
- 687.0 sq.ft.. Harmain 33 was launched in May 2022. Harmain
33 possession is Mar, 2026. Altogether, there are 140 units
available. There are 5 buildings in this property. The address of
Harmain 33 is Plot No 33, Near Amwaaj Residency, Sarkhej.

Table 1: Details of the project

Project Area 0.93 acres

Launch date May 2022

Possession date March 2026

Avg Price of 2 BHK apartment Rs 4.50K/sq.ft

Size of each apartment 643.0. - 687.0 sq.ft

Configuration 2 BHK

Structure Engineer Shreeji Structurals

Architect Apex Engineers and Consultant

Developers By Harmain Realtors LLP

Carpet area 643 sq. ft - 687 sq. ft

Figure 2: Site Visualization

Figure 3: Proposed Elevation

1.2 Project Amenities:
The project provides some distinctive amenities that defines the
magnificence of the venture. Kids can use the Children's Play
Area, nearby apart from Swimming Pool. There is 24x7
Security. It is a Gated Community. Some other provisions
include access to Energy management, Landscaping & Tree
Planting. There is provision for Closed Car Parking.
The following amenities are planned to be provided
for the project: s 1.Solar Lightning
2. Gated Community
3. Internal Roads for
accessibility4.Children's play
area
5. 24*7 water supply
6. Landscaping and trees
7. Senior Citizen Site out
8. Gazebo
9. Car parking
10.CCTV
11.Swimming
pool
12. Lifts
13.Energy management
14. 24*7 Security
15. Closed car parking
16. Water Conservation through Rain Water Harvesting structures

The project is approved by the state regulatory authority and the

RERA ID is PR/GJ/AHMEDABAD/AHMEDABAD
CITY/Ahmedabad
Municipal
Corporation/MN44AA09944/310522.
17. Lifts
18.Energy management
19. 24*7 Security
20. Closed car parking
21. Water Conservation through Rain Water Harvesting structures
The project is approved by the state regulatory authority and the
RERA ID is PR/GJ/AHMEDABAD/AHMEDABAD
CITY/Ahmedabad
Municipal
Corporation/MN44AA09944/310522.
Figure 4: 2 Dimension Floor Plan of the apartment
Figure 5: 3 Dimension Plan of apartment
2. Scope, approach and methodology of assessment

The methodology of assessment is based on site visit and research

and analysis. This also includes interviews and discussions with
stakeholders like site engineers, structural engineer, labourers,
developer etc. present on site.
During the site visit and assessment of the ongoing project, various
construction activities were observed and analysed on site:
 Construction of Pedestal
 Column reinforcement – stirrups
 Casting of columns
 Laying of Plain Cement Concrete (PCC)
 Construction of tie beams
 Calculations for elevator space

Mapping of each mentioned above construction activity is done

based on parameters like method, materials used, duration of
activity, requirement, usage, no of staff members involved and
matching with standards wherever possible.

Figure 6 Methodology of Assessment

3. Key Observations And Analysis From Site

3.1 Construction of Pedestal and Footing

 Pedestal is constructed as the base to support the columns.

 It acts as a compression element and carries the loads of supported elements like
columns, statues etc. to footing below the ground.
 Pedestals are generally provided below the metal columns.
 Pedestal is provided at ground level and column is continuous as per structure plan.
 The dimension of the pedestal to support the column of 300 * 600 mm is 450* 800
mm.

Figure 7: Pedestal, Footing and Column

3.2 Column Reinforcement with Stirrups

 Column is a vertical member of the structure which carries the load of the beam, slab,
etc. and transfers the load to the foundation and to the soil.
 Its function is to withstand the bending and compression caused by the elements they
support or by forces of nature such as earthquakes, wind, among others.
 Stirrups: A stirrup refers closed loop of reinforcement bar. Its main purpose is to hold
the reinforcement bar together in an RCC structure. When used in a column, they
provide lateral support to the main reinforcement bars to prevent buckling.

Table 2: Column Description

Column Details
Description
Shape Rectangular

300 × 600 mm2

Size
16mm,20mm,25
Dia. of bars 1
mm
Grade of M30
concrete
40 mm
Cover
Fe-500
Reinforcement
grade
Casting Manually
Method casting
Vibrators 40 mm pin

IS Codes for Columns

These codes are used as reference for the use of particular materials and methodology to achieve a well
structure design, perfect shape of building component, to increase life span etc.
 Table 3: IS Codes for Columns

IS Codes Description

IS 456:2000 Plain &

reinforced
concrete- code
of practice
IS 9417:1989 Recommendation for welding
cold work bars for reinforced
concrete
IS 10262:2019 For design mix
of concrete
IS 4926:1976 RMC (Ready
Mix Concrete)
IS 4082:1996 Recommendati
on on stacking
and storage of
construction
materials and
component on
site

Methodology of construction:

 Reinforcement bars of 16 mm and stirrups of 8 mm are cut as given in the plan.

 Bars are bent accordingly as per the BBS (bar bending schedule).
 All the vertical bars are placed at over a typical column on the marking as per the
drawing.
 Markings are taken for the stirrup’s placement with appropriate spacing. (100 mm at
confined zone & 150 mm for non-confined zone).
 For lapping, welding is done for bars over diameters 20 mm called pin welding using
8 mm diameter of bars. For 16 mm bars, they are simply tied with the help of binding
wires.
 The next step is to prepare concrete covers which are attached to the column
according to the structural drawing.
 To prevent honeycombing, vibrators are used of 40 mm to pin while casting of
columns
Figure 8 Structural Details of Column
Figure 9: 300 x 600 mm Column

Figure 10 Types of Stirrups

3.3 Casting of Column

For casting of column: formwork, steel bars, tie wires/ stirrups,

saddles, lead level, brush, adherent chemicals, nylon etc. are used.
 Formwork is used to contain fresh concrete when it hardens.
 It must be made of material with little or no absorption, smooth and hermetic.
 Struts, galvanized wire, turnbuckles, angle brackets, screws, nails and clamps.
 Useful materials to adjust the form and keep the section constant avoiding
misalignment.
 To withstand the stresses, steel bars are used in the columns.
 Stirrups are used to tie steel bars so that they are kept in correct position. They should
be checked and put in place.
 The bottom of the columns must be cleaned and washed properly.
 Saddles are elements that separate steel from the form which further ensure coating of
steel.
 The shuttering of column should be oiled at inner surface for easy removal of side and
prevent the edge broken problems.
 Cement paste should be added in the column to fill the joints and prevent leakage
problems.
 Casting of column should be done using M30 concrete. The ratio of the mix is 1.5 :

1.25 : 2.5 ( Cement:Sand:C.A.)

 Vibrating the concrete mix for 10-15 seconds will help the concrete mix to settle
down.
 Lead level or plumb bob is a tool that helps in checking column alignment during
casting.
 Formwork can be removed after 24 hours of casting of columns.
 Release agent should be applied to the surface that will have contact with the concrete
to facilitate stripping.
 All the sides of the columns must be checked to see if there are no gaps left or no
honeycombing is there. If such a situation occurs, then cement must be filled in the
gap.
 Columns have to be cured for a period of 28 days from casting.

Figure 11 Casting of Column

3.4 Laying of Plain Cement Concrete:
 Plain cement concrete (PCC) is the mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate) and coarse
aggregate.
 It is an important component of building laid on surface soil to avoid direct contact of
reinforcement of concrete with soil and water.
 It is laid in layers and thoroughly vibrated by means of mechanical vibrators until a dense
concrete is achieved.
 If needed hand compaction shall be done by wooden tamping rod so that concrete is
compacted thoroughly.
 Compaction shall be completed before initial setting time (i.e. 30 minutes) of addition of
water.
 Materials used in plain cement concrete (1:1:3):
1. Coarse aggregate
2. Fine aggregate
3. Cement
4. Water
 On the site, it was observed that 5 people were involved in the process of laying concrete.
Figure 12 Laying of PCC on site
3.5 Slab Curing
 Curing is done for strength development and durability of concrete.
 Curing of Concrete is a method by which the concrete is protected against loss

of moisture required for hydration and kept within the

recommended temperature range.
 Curing will increase the strength and decrease the permeability of hardened
concrete.
 Curing is also helps in mitigating thermal and plastic cracks,
whichcan severely impact durability of structures.
 Methods used for curing of concrete are :

- Sprinkling of water

- Ponding curing

- Membrane Curing

-Steam Curing
-Immersion Curing
(B) The length of adequate curing time depends on:
-Mixture proportions
- Ambient weather conditions

- Future exposure conditions

 -Size and shape of concrete.
 It takes place immediately after concrete placing and finishing.
 On the site, curing of slab took place for 2 days (48 hours)
 There were two workers who did curing process by sprinkling of water.
 sprinkling of On site, water method was used for curing of concrete of slab.
  A curing practice involves keeping the concrete damp or moist until the hydration of
concrete is complete and strength is attained. Curing of concrete should begin soon
after initial setting time of concrete or formwork/shuttering is removed and must
continue for a reasonable period of time as per the specified standards, for the
concrete to achieve its desired strength and durability. [1]

Key Observation

 It is witnessed that at construction sites, curing of concrete is left to the decision and
comfort of the unskilled manual worker.
 Site engineers and supervisors should put additional effort to guarantee that curing is
not overlooked at site. They should arrange for the essential resources to retain
satisfactory levels of curing, by using best techniques available.

Figure 13 : Curing of concrete slab on site

3.6 Construction of Tie Beams:
 Tie Beam is a beam member constructed at a height higher than floor level to tie two
column members.
 Provided above plinth levels and in roof trusses.
 Tie beam reinforcement calculation is divided into two parts main bars and stirrups.
 First check the length of main bars in top, bottom and side direction.
 And then find the total weight of main bars.

Figure 14 Placement of Tie Beams on site

3.7 Retaining wall on site:
 Construction of retaining wall to resist the lateral pressure of the soil so that it can
be retained at different levels.
 The main reason of constructing retaining wall on site was to ensure that there is no
soil erosion in rain.
 Retaining walls are meant to hold the soil on the slope without it eroding.

Figure 15 Retaining wall on site

4. Conclusions and Key Learnings:

The site analysis and mapping of construction activities at 33

Harmain gave an insight into the practicality of building
construction backed by theoretical concepts.
 It was observed on the construction site that no laborer was wearing a PPE (Personal
Protective Equipment) gear for safety. Thus, it should be encouraged by site
developers to provide PPE for the safety of construction workers. Usage of PPE also
be monitored by the site engineers.
 Staffing: There were 3 site engineers, 1 structural engineer and 40 labourers on site
on a daily basis.
 Curing of concrete is an important practice and based on the duration of curing,
strength of concrete is developed which in turn increases durability.
 Good practices like applying zinc peroxide on steel columns to avoid rust was helpful
in terms of learning.
 The process of casting of columns must be done thoroughly with accurate
measurements. Placement of formwork should be very accurate. In order to avoid
honeycombing, cement should be poured in to fill the gaps.
 Tie Beams are provided above plinth level and in roof trusses. They are divided into
two bars- main bars and stirrups.
 To see different types of stirrups- triangular, square, rectangular and their usage
pattern has been insightful.
 While laying of PCC, the composition, ratio and layering plays a great role in its
efficiency.
 Natural events like rainfall delayed the construction activities that were taking place
on site.
 Due to rainfall, waterlogging occurred in the excavated site and hence water had to be
pumped out to continue construction practice.
Figure 16: Construction of RCC Formwork
Figure 17 : Columns covered with cover blocks and layer of zinc
peroxide on steel to avoid rust
5. Bibliography

[1] Namita, "civil digital," 11 September 2016. [Online]. Available:

https://civildigital.com/curing-
concrete-purpose-curing-curing-methods/.
[2] Harmain Realtors LLP, [Online]. Available:
https://housing.com/in/buy/projects/page/278447-harmain-33-by-
harmain-realtors-llp-in-sarkhej.

3) IS 456 2000 Plan and reinforcement for practice

Annexur
e Annex 1 Ground Floor Layout of Harmain 33
Thank You!

39