Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

* 4 0 5 7 2 6 9 2 9 6 *

PHYSICS 9702/22
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions October/November 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

DC (RW/FD) 116307/2
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Data

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F−1)
4πε0
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10−19 C

the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s

unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1

the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2

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Formulae

1
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 2 at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as

work done on/by a gas W = p ΔV

Gm
gravitational potential φ=−
r

hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh

1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p= 3
〈c 〉
V
simple harmonic motion a = − ω 2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

v = ± ω √⎯(x⎯ 0⎯ 2⎯ –⎯ ⎯ x⎯ 2⎯ )
fsv
Doppler effect fo =
v ± vs

Q
electric potential V=
4πε0r

capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .

capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + . . .

energy of charged capacitor W = 12 QV

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + . . .

resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .

BI
Hall voltage VH =
ntq

alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ω t

radioactive decay x = x0 exp(−λt )

0.693
decay constant λ=
t 1
2

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BLANK PAGE

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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) (i) Define pressure.

Force
acting normally per unit area .
...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Show that the SI base units of pressure are kg m–1 s–2.

P-E ma Kyms
= =

Kgn's-2
[1]

(b) Gas flows through the narrow end (nozzle) of a pipe. Under certain conditions, the mass m of
gas that flows through the nozzle in a short time t is given by
m
= kC ρP
t
where k is a constant with no units,
C is a quantity that depends on the nozzle size,
ρ is the density of the gas arriving at the nozzle,
P is the pressure of the gas arriving at the nozzle.

Determine the base units of C.

=
=

(3) mic 5
Sp
=
m2
=

(S)[(gmCrigms2)] "

= Kmin
j2g m
2

base units ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 5]

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2 A ball of mass 0.030 kg moves along a curved track, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

ball
mass 0.030 kg speed
1.3 m s–1
A

wall
Oh = 0.31 m

Fig. 2.1

The speed of the ball is 1.3 m s–1 when it is at point A at a height of 0.31 m.
The ball moves down the track and collides with a vertical wall at point B. The ball then rebounds
back up the track. It may be assumed that frictional forces are negligible.

(a) Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the ball in moving from point A to
point B.

GPE Ch
mg
=

=
(0 03) (9 81)(0 31
.
. .

=
0 0912]
.

0 051
change in gravitational potential energy = .......................................................
.

J [2]

(b) Show that the ball hits the wall at B with a speed of 2.8 m s–1.

↓ OPE = LKE

=> 0 .

0912 =
zmv2-genut
=> (vi) = 0 0512
.

03) (v2-1 37
0 .
0512
(x10
=

=
.

=> v = 2 - 78mst [3]

- V 2 Sms'
(shown)
= :

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(c) The change in momentum of the ball due to the collision with the wall is 0.096 kg m s–1. The
ball is in contact with the wall for a time of 20 ms.

Determine, for the ball colliding with the wall,

= 2 78ms .

"
III S
(i) the speed immediately after the collision,
+
III
Op = mv-mu v =

9 [
Y
m ( u) -

> 0 096
=
.

78))
-

>
-
0 056 .
=
0 03.
(0 -
(-2 .

=> 0 096 .
= 0 .

03(V + 2 .

78)
-
I
V 0 42mS
m s–1 [2]
.
=
0 4h
speed = .................................................
.

(ii) the magnitude of the average force on the ball.

F
=
=
0 096
.

20X103
=
4 .
8N
4 8N
force = ......................................................
.

N [2]

(d) State and explain whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.

The relative speed of proach is not equal to relative speed

...................................................................................................................................................
al
-

of separation so it is inelastic collision

...............................................................................................................................................[1]
,
.

(e) In practice, frictional effects are significant so that the actual increase in kinetic energy of the
ball in moving from A to B is 76 mJ. The length of the track between A and B is 0.60 m.
↳ 0 0767
.

Use your answer in (a) to determine the average frictional force acting on the ball as it moves
from A to B.

=> FX 0 6
. = 0 .

0152
> KE * GPE = OKE + WFriction
=F 0 .

0152
GPE
=

>
WFriction 0 0912 = 0 076 +
.
.

WF 0 6 .

WF = 0 09 12
. -
0 076.
=
0 0253 .

~ 0 025N
FXS
.

=
0 0152
.

0 025
frictional force = ......................................................
.

N [2]

[Total: 12]

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3 (a) State the two conditions for an object to be in equilibrium.

Resultant force in direction is zero.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................
any
...................................................................................................................................................

Resultant force about

any point
is zero
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
.

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A uniform beam AC is attached to a vertical wall at end A. The beam is held horizontal by a
rigid bar BD, as shown in Fig. 3.1.
Fy 33 Sin5eo =

N 33N
0.30 m 0.10 m

A ①52
C
52° BF3320520
beam
33 N wire
wall

bar bucket
D

12 N

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

The beam is of length 0.40 m and weight W. An empty bucket of weight 12 N is suspended
by a light metal wire from end C. The bar exerts a force on the beam of 33 N at 52° to the
horizontal. The beam is in equilibrium.

(i) Calculate the vertical component of the force exerted by the bar on the beam.
33sin52 26N
Fy
=
=

26
component of the force = ...................................................... N [1]

(ii) By taking moments about A, calculate the weight W of the beam.

(wX0 2) ·

+ 12(0 4).
=
Fyx(0 3) .

=> w = (26 x0 3) ·
-

(12X0 4)
·

len
=

W = ......................................................
15 N [3]

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 9

(c) The metal of the wire in (b) has a Young modulus of 2.0 × 1011 Pa.
Initially the bucket is empty. When the bucket is filled with paint of weight 78 N, the strain of
the wire increases by 7.5 × 10–4. The wire obeys Hooke’s law.

stain
Calculate, for the wire,
=
(i) the increase in stress due to the addition of the paint,

E
= O = 2 . 0x10" x 7 . EX15Y
o
=>
1 .
50 X 108
2 0x10"
. =

7 .

5x10Y 108
1 5x
increase in stress = ....................................................
.

Pa [2]

(ii) its diameter.

Stress- Force
Area

Ed =
5 . 2x10-7
2 2x107xy
=
5-

-
=

=> d 8 1x104m
E
=

EA
.

=
S
1 :

5 X 108
diameter = ...................................................... m [3]
=
5 .
2x10- 7
[Total: 11]

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4 (a) State what is meant by the diffraction of a wave.

Wave
passing by the
edge of an obstacle spreads .
...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) An arrangement for demonstrating the interference of light is shown in Fig. 4.1.

laser light Y dark fringe 0 .

5X
2.0 mm
0.41 mm X central bright fringe OX
wavelength
580 nm Z dark fringe 0-5x

double slit screen

Fig. 4.1 (not to scale)

The wavelength of the light from the laser is 580 nm. The separation of the slits is 0.41 mm.
The perpendicular distance between the double slit and the screen is D.

Coherent light emerges from the slits and an interference pattern is observed on the screen.
The central bright fringe is produced at point X. The closest dark fringes to point X are
produced at points Y and Z. The distance XY is 2.0 mm.

(i) Explain why a bright fringe is produced at point X.

The waves from slits overlap at point X

...........................................................................................................................................
.

The path difference from the slits to X is zero ,

...........................................................................................................................................

therefore constructive interference occurs to

give
...........................................................................................................................................

bright fringe
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
.

(ii) State the difference in the distances, in nm, from each slit to point Y.

Path difference = 0 Ex.

Ex 200
distance = .................................................... nm [1]

=
-x580
=
290mm

- Constructive Interference
↓
Bright Fringes diff 2x 0, X 34 40
=> Path
,
= ,
,

= nX

2 = Destructive Interference
Dank Fringes
5x12
=> Path diff X/g > 3X1g
,
=

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=
(n +z)x
 11

(iii) Calculate the distance D.

x =
= D =

a
0 41 x
.

10.3 x2x2x10-3
2 7822 Sm
=
= . .

590x109
-

2- 8
D = ...................................................... m [3]

(iv) The intensity of the light passing through the two slits was initially the same. The intensity
of the light through one of the slits is now reduced. Compare the appearance of the
fringes before and after the change of intensity.

The
bright fringe becomes less
bright
...........................................................................................................................................
.

The dark
fringe becomes brighter
...........................................................................................................................................
.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

① Bright Fringes are less bright

reduced at one slit , the amplitude
intensity
-

When is
is
(its amplitude
no

of waves from the

slit reduces
slit)
of the from the other
the same as that
wave
longer

2 Dank fringes are brighter

not equal when the waves
interfere destinctively ,

As the amplitudes are ,

not
resulting complitude
is zeno
.

the waves do not cancel each other ,

completely becomes brighter .

There is a small
resulting complitude ,
dank fringe

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5 (a) State Kirchhoff’s second law.

The total em-f equals total pd in a closed circuit

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) A battery is connected in parallel with two lamps A and B, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
GV

6.8 V
* X

FA A

>FB
B

Fig. 5.1

The battery has electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6.8 V and internal resistance r.

The I–V characteristics of lamps A and B are shown in Fig. 5.2.

0.40

I/A

0.30

0 26
.

0.20

0 14
.

0.10

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
/V

Fig. 5.2

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The potential difference across the battery terminals is 6.0 V.

(i) Use Fig. 5.2 to show that the current in the battery is 0.40 A.

From Graph ,

When V = 6 OVs
.

IA =
0 .
14A

IB = 0 .
26A

I =
In + IB
= 0 14 + 0 26
. .

[2]
=
0 40A
.

(ii) Calculate the internal resistance r of the battery.

E =
IR + In
E =
V + In

=> 6 8 =
6 + 0 40p
. .

= v =
2 Dep
. 2 0
r = ...................................................... Ω [2]

(iii) Determine the ratio

resistance of lamp A
.
resistance of lamp B

RA
R
-

Ri
=

Y= =
0 .
26
0 .

14
=
1 86:

1 86
ratio = ..........................................................
.

[2]

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(iv) Determine

1. the total power produced by the battery,

P = VI
=
6 8X0 Y
.
.

2 72
=
.

=
2 7w:

2 7
power = ..................................................... W [2]
.

2. the efficiency of the battery in the circuit.

Pinput =
2 7W.

Eff =

Poutput or a

Poutput = VI =

LYx00 ,

6X0 Y
= .

=
2 4W
. =
88 9 %
.

=
89 %
85 Y
efficiency = ..........................................................
.
[2]

[Total: 12]

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6 (a) State one difference between a hadron and a lepton.

Hadron is not a fundamental particle But . lepton is a fundamental

...................................................................................................................................................
of quarks but lepton is not made of quarks
particle Hadron
.
is made
up
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
.

(b)
strong force acts hadions but does not act on leptons.
on

A proton within a nucleus decays to form a neutron and two other particles. A partial equation
to represent this decay is
t
1p 1n ⑧
..... B D
..... Ve
+ I
...... + ......
1 0 ..... .....
8

(i) Complete the equation. [2]

(ii) State the name of the interaction or force that gives rise to this decay.

Weak
We nuclearl forice
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
.

(iii) State three quantities that are conserved in the decay.

Proton number
1. ........................................................................................................................................

Nucleon number
2. ........................................................................................................................................

Momentum
3. ........................................................................................................................................
*
Energy on mas [3]
4 .

Change 5 .

Mass-energy is not separately

(c) Use the quark composition of a proton to show that it has a charge of +e, where e is the
elementary charge. conserved .

Explain your working.

Quark structure of
Proton-up , up ,
down (und)

change of up quak ze = +

charge of down Quark -Eze =

change of proton-ze +
ze-ze
[3]
=+ e (shown)
[Total: 10]

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