Dielectric Substrates Anisotropy Effects On

DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATES ANISOTROPY EFFECTS ON
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROSTRIP STRUCTURES
MOHAMED ESSAAIDI AND OTMAN EL MRABET

Electronics and Microwaves Group
Faculty ofScience, Abdelmalek Essaadi University
P. O. Box 2121 Tetuan 93000 Morocco
Abstract. In this paper, we present an extension of the 3-D FDTD method based on D, E, Band
H fields to handle arbitrary anisotropic media characterized by both a permittivity and a permeability
tensors. This analysis was not possible for many FDTD simulators due to the lack of convenient
absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs). Using the FDTD Method with Generalized Material-
independent perfectly matched-Layer (GMIPLM) ABCs, based on the unsplit formulation, the
behavior of the characteristics of microstrip structures printed on general anisotropic dielectric
substrates is studied as a function ofthe optical axis rotation angle ofthis substrate.
1. Introduction
The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method was originally proposed by
K. S. Vee [1] and has been extensively used for a very wide variety of
electromagnetic problems [2] ranging from microwave circuits analysis and design
problems to those concerned with the simulation of electromagnetic waves
radiation and scattering. Evidently, this is one of the most powerful simulation and
CAD technique for solving several electromagnetic problems in the time domain
and I or the frequency domain since it only suffices to perform a Fast Fourier
Transform to obtain the frequency response on a wide frequency range from the
time domain results. In order to limit the computation space for open
electromagnetic problems, such those related with radiation and scattering
problems, absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) should be implemented. These
particular boundary conditions consist in limiting the studied computational space
by EM waves absorbing walls. Therefore, these ABCs work exactly like the walls
of an anechoic chamber which absorb most of the electromagnetic power
impinging on them and can reflect a very small amount of it without a significant
impact on the accuracy of this model's results. One of the most important
milestones in the history of the FDTD was the development of the so called perfect
matching layers (PML) absorbing boundary condition which have been introduced
by Berenger [3-4] and which have received a special interest in the specialized
literature. Later on, several other improved PML based ABCs have also been
449
S. Zouhd i et al. (eds.], Advances in Electromagnetics of Complex Media and Metamaterials, 44~.
© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers . Printed in the Netherlands.
450
proposed in the literature such as the uniaxial PML (UPML) and the general
material independent PML (GMIPML) [5-7]. These latter PML versions have
allowed a very efficient truncation of the computation space especially for
materials with anisotropic and non-linear properties. This fact certainly contributed
to enlarging the scope of the electromagnetic problems that can be dealt with using
the FDTD efficiently.
Microstrip structures are very important microwave components for microwave
integrated circuits (MICs) and Monolithic MICs (MMICs). They can fulfill several
functions such as transmission lines, interconnects, filters , power dividers,
resonators and antennas . CAD tools for these structures should take into account all
the geometrical and physical parameters characterizing them to allow their accurate
design . Hence, since anisotropy is an inherent characteristic to many dielectric
materials that are used as substrates for these structures it should be taken into
account in the numerical model used for their CAD. However, anisotropy cannot
be seen only as a disadvantage or an anomaly in these materials whose impact on
their overall characteristics and performances should be assessed correctly in order
to allow an accurate prediction of their characterizing parameters or their efficient
CAD. It should be also considered as another parameter, or another degree of
freedom in their relevant EM problems, allowing to control and tune their
characteristics.
12.45 mm
~
16mm
IO.497mm
8.17 mm
--.. x
2.334 mm
Figure 1. Microstrip patch antenna printed on anisotropic substrate

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DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATES ANISOTROPY EFFECTS ON

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROSTRIP STRUCTURES

MOHAMED ESSAAIDI AND OTMAN EL MRABET

Figure 1. Microstrip patch antenna printed on anisotropic substrate

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