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HOMEWORK IELTS10 – 28/4

LISTENING
SECTION 1 Question 1-10
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Campsites
Westerly Campsite
Campsite for families with children under 12
Location: near the 1 …………………………..
Special attraction for children: the 2 …………………………..
A local farmer sells 3 …………………………..
Campers are allowed to have a 4 …………………………..
Cost per night: 5 £ ………………………….. for a family
Snetton Forest Campsite
Cost per night: £5 per adult (children free)
Recommended for people who like 6 …………………………..
Campers can hire a 7 …………………………..
Activity organised for children: 8 …………………………..

Trent Valley Campsite

Better month for families to go: 9 …………………………..
Has an outdoor 10 …………………………..
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SECTION 2 Question 11-20

Questions 11-16
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
11 What is the most important attitude towards making mistakes according to Arthur?
A Mistakes are inevitable.
B Mistakes can be a chance to learn
C Mistakes can cause serious consequences
12 What's true about self-confidence according to Arthur?
A self-confidence sometimes leads to failure
B It means being ambitious with what you do
C Self-confidence can be gained through reading
13 What advice does Arthur give to new business leaders?
A Read business journals
B try new things
C Keep their aims
14 How does Arthur deal with difficult problems?
A Ask for advice from friends
B Seek help from experts
C Try to get advice from books
15 What's the common quality of leaders?
A Have good public speaking skills
B Solve all problems skillfully
C be respected by the workforce
16 How should companies take risks?
A deal with them carefully
B be financially advantageous
C think in the long run
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Questions 17-18
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Which TWO factors are important when starting a business?
A. fix realistic prices
B. create products better than the competitors'
C. be committed
D. pay attention to detail
E. apply complete strategy

Questions 19-20
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Which TWO kinds of support are important for Arthur?
A. family support
B. good business advice with new ideas
C. support of the bank loan
D. friends' support
E. governmental funding
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SECTION 3 Question 21-30

Questions 21-24
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C
Dolphin presentation
21 What is the students' purpose in mentioning the way dolphins make sounds?
A to show comparison with human speech
B to show the unusual anatomy of a dolphin's head
C to show recent developments in understanding the meaning of the sounds
22 According to Fran, Hector's dolphins are unaffected by
A tourist numbers.
B the threat from fishing nets.
C their slow breeding rate.
23 The New Zealand Government set up a marine sanctuary
A because of public pressure.
B as a result of scientific research.
C to protect a dolphin feeding ground.
24 Where is the largest population of Hector's dolphins in New Zealand?
A the east coast
B Southland
C the west coast
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Questions 25-30
Write the correct letter, A-H
Which special characteristic does each of the following types of dolphin have?

Special characteristics
A swim along behind boats
B swim in unusually large groups
C live along New Zealand's entire coastline
D swim beneath slow-moving boats
E tend to be solitary
F live only off New Zealand's northwest coast
G are the second largest dolphin species in New Zealand
H are seen mostly in Kaikoura

Types of dolphin
25 Common dolphins
26 Dusky dolphins
27 Hector's dolphins
28 Maui's dolphins
29 Orcas
30 Bottle-nose dolphins
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SECTION 4 Question 31-40

Questions 31 - 34
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Recycling Tyres in Australia

Background
More than 1.5 million tyres dumped in Australia per 31 …………………………..
Previous recycling attempts failed because:
 there were pollution problems - smoke from burning
 recycling companies didn't make any 32 …………………………..

Advantages of Molectra's process

 More economical because smaller machines are used
 Less maintenance - tyres softened before shredding
 No limit on the 33 ………………………….. of tyres recycled

The Future
 Ten more factories being built
 Plans to spend 5% of income each year on 34 …………………………..
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Questions 35 - 40
Complete the flow-chart below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
RECYCLING TYRES
Process Possible Uses

Removal of steel 35
Steel pellets used in industry
………………………….. from tyre rim

Chemicals applied to get rid of 36

………………………….. and soften
rubber

 Strengthen concrete
Fibres, e.g. nylon, removed  Sheets made of 37
…………………………..

 Asphalt for roads

Tyres cut up into crumb rubber  Insulation
 38 …………………………..

i) Used for activated carbon

 39 …………………………..
treatment
 air filtration
The MolectraVac machine
microwaves rubber into
ii) Used for carbon black
hydrocarbon
 batteries
 40 …………………………..

iii) Oil used for electricity

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READING
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spand about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1
on pages 2 and 3.
The Importance of Business Cards
The exchanging of business cards is as close to a universal ritual as you can find in the business
world
The ritual may be universal, but the details of business cards and how they are swapped vary
across countries. Americans throw their cards casually across a table; the Japanese make the
exchange of cards a formal ceremony. While there are cards that are discreet and understated,
others are crammed full of details and titles. Some businesspeople hand out 24-carat gold
cards, and there are kindergarten children who have cards with not only their own contact
details, but also with the job descriptions of their parents and even grandparents. This practice
has become so common in parts of New York, for example, that the use of such cards is now
prohibited by some of these institutions.

Cards have been around a long time in one form or another. The Chinese invented calling cards
in the 15th century to give people notice that they intended to pay them a visit, but these were
for social purposes only. Then, in the 17th century, European businesspeople invented a new
type of card to act as miniature advertisements, signalling the advent of the business card. In
today's world, business cards can cause people to have strong emotional reactions. According to
one experienced company director, very few things can provoke more heated discussion at a
board meeting than the composition of the company's business cards.

Lots of companies try to promote themselves by altering the form of the card. Employees at one
famous toy company give out little plastic figures with their contact details stamped on them.
One fast food company has business cards which are shaped like a portion of French fries. A
Canadian divorce lawyer once gave out cards that could be torn in two - one half for each of the
spouses. For many business commentators, such gimmicky business cards prove that the use of
a physical business card is nearly at an end. After all, why bother exchanging bits of thick paper
at all when you can simply swap electronic versions by smartphone.

However, one can just as well argue the opposite: that business cards are here to stay, and in a
business world full of meetings and correspondence, it is more important than ever that your
card is unique. Attempts to reinvent business cards for the digital age have not been successful.
Even at the latest technology conferences, people still greet each other by handing out little
rectangles made from paper rather than using a digital alternative.

To understand business cards, it is necessary to understand how business works. That business
cards are thriving in a digital age is a forceful reminder that there is much about business that is
timeless. According to Kate Jones, a business lecturer, there is one eternal and inescapable
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issue. Her 2006 study of more than 200 business executives in North America found that trust
was the key element for running a successful business. It is vital to be able to look someone in
the eye and decide what sort of person they are. In this way, you can transform
acquaintanceships into relationships. A good proportion of business life will always he about
building social connections
having dinner or playing sport with clients and colleagues - and while computers can deal with
administrative tasks. it is still human beings that have to focus on the emotional.

The rapid advance of globalisation means that this relationship building process is becoming
ever more demanding. Managers have to put more effort in when dealing with international
counterparts, especially when there is not a common language. which is so often the case these
days. A recent UK survey showed that chief executives of global organisations now routinely
spend three out of every four weeks on international travel. It is in these situations that
business cards are doubly useful, as they are a quick way of establishing connections. Cards can
also remind you that you have actually met someone in a face to face meeting rather than just
searched for them on the internet. Looking through piles of different cards can enhance your
memory in ways that simply looking through uniform electronic lists would never do.

Janet Mclntyre is a leading expert on business cards in today's world. She maintains that as
companies become more complex, cards are essential in determining the exact status of every
contact you meet in multinational corporations. Janet also explains how exchanging business
cards can be an effective way of initiating a conversation, because it gives people a ritual to
follow when they first meet a new business contact.

The business world is obsessed with the idea of creating and inventing new things that will
change the way we do everything, and this does lead to progress. But there are lots of things
that do not need to be changed and in Janet Mclntyre's view, tradition also has an equally
valuable role to play. Therefore the practice of exchanging business cards is likely to continue in
the business world.

Questions 1 - 5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 17
In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE it the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1 Children's business cards have been banned in some kindergartens.

2 It was the Chinese who first began the practice of using business cards.
3 Designing business cards can be a controversial process for some companies.
4 A famous toy company has boosted their sales by using one type of unusual
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business card.
5 Some business commentators predict a decline in the use of paper business cards.

Questions 6 - 13
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 6-13 on your answer sheel.
How business works
Kate Jones's research
 The most important aspect of business is having 6 ………………………….. in others.
 7 ………………………….. do not have the ability to establish the good relationships essential
to business.

Business and globalisation

 Managers must work harder when they don't share the same 8 ………………………….. with
their contacts.
 A UK survey indicates that 9 ………………………….. takes up the largest part of business
leaders' time.
 A business person's 10 ………………………….. of a meeting can be improved by looking at
business cards.

Janet Mclntyre
 Business cards clearly show the 11 ………………………….. of each person in a large company,
 The ritual of swapping business cards is a good way of starting a 12 ………………………….. at
the beginning of a business relationship.
 Janet feels that in the business world, 13 ………………………….. is just as important as
innovation.
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READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend aboul 20 minules on Questions 14-26,which are based on Reading Pas
on pages 6 and 7.
Questions 14-19
Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the lIst of headings below.
Write the correct number, /-vill, In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Different areas of professional expertise
ii Reasons why It is unfair to criticise lawyers
iii The disadvantages of the legal system
iv The law applies throughout our lives
v The law has affected historical events
vi A negative regard for lawyers
vii public's increasing ability to influence the law
viii growth in laws

14 Paragraph A
15 Paragraph B
16 Paragraph C
17 Paragraph D
18 Paragraph E
19 Paragraph F
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The importance of law

A The law influences all of us virtually all the time. It governs almost all aspects of our behavior,
and even what happens to us when we are no longer alive. It affects us from the embryo
onwards. It governs the air we breathe, the food and drink we consume, our travel, family
relationships, and our property. It applies at the bottom of the ocean and in space. Each time
we examine a label on a food product, engage in work as an employee or employer, travel on
the roads, go to school to learn or to teach, stay in a hotel, borrow a library book, create or
dissolve a commercial company, play sports, or engage the services of someone for anything
from plumbing a sink to planning a city, we are in the world of law.
B Law has also become much more widely recognised as the standard by which behaviour
needs to be judged. A very telling development in recent history is the way in which the idea
of law has permeated all parts of social life. The universal standard of whether something is
socially tolerated is progressively becoming whether it is legal, rather than something that
has always been considered acceptable. In earlier times, most people were illiterate. Today,
by contrast, a vast number of people can read, and it is becoming easier for people to take an
interest in law, and for the general population to help actually shape the law in many
countries. However, law is a versatile instrument that can be used equally well for the
improvement or the degradation of humanity.
C This, of course, puts law in a very significant position. In our rapidly developing world, all
sorts of skills and knowledge are valuable. Those people, for example, with knowledge of
computers, the internet, and communications technology are relied upon by the rest of us.
There is now someone with IT skills or an IT help desk in every UK school, every company,
every hospital, every local and central government office. Without their knowledge, many
parts of commercial and social life today would seize up in minutes. But legal understanding
is just as vital and as universally needed. The American comedian Jerry Seinfeld put it like
this, 'We are all throwing the dice, playing the game, moving our pieces around the board,
but if there is a problem, the lawyer is the only person who has read the inside of the top of
the box.' In other words, the lawyer is the only person who has read and made sense of the
rules,
D The number of laws has never been greater. In the UK alone, about 35 new Acts of
Parliament are produced every year, thereby delivering thousands of new rules. The
legislative output of the British Parliament has more than doubled in recent times from 1,100
pages a year in the early 1970s,to over 2,500 pages a year today. Between 1997 and 2006,
the legislature passed 365 Acts of Parliament and more than 32,000 legally binding statutory
instruments. In a system with so much law, lawyers do a great deal not just to vindicate the
rights of citizens and organizations but also to help develop the law through legal arguments,
some of which are adapted by judges to become laws. Law courts can and do produce new
law and revise old law, but they do so having heard the arguments of lawyers.
E However, despite their important role in developing the rules, lawyers are not universally
admired. Anti-lawyer jokes have a long history going back to the ancient Greeks. More
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recently the son of a famous Hollywood actor was asked at his junior school what his father
did for a living, to which he replied, 'My daddy is a movie actor, and sometimes he plays the
good guy, and somallmes he plays the lawyer.' For balance, though, it is worth remembering
that there are, and have been, many heroic and revered lawyers such as the Roman
philosopher and politiclan Cicero, and Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian campalgner for
independence.
F People sometimes make comments that characterise lawyers as professionals whose
concerns put personal reward above truth, or who gain financially from misfortune. There
are undoubtedly lawyers that would fit that bill, Just as there are some sclentiste, Journallets
and others In that category, But, in general, it is no more Just to say that lawyers are bad
because they make a living from people's problems than it is to make the same accusation In
respect of nurses or IT consultants. A great many lawyers are involved in public law work,
such as that Involving civil llbertles, housing and other Issues. Such work is not lavishly
remunerated and the quallty of the service provided by these lawyers relles on considerable
professional dedication.Moreover, much legal work has nothing to do with conflict or
misfortune, but is primarily concerned with drafting documents.Another source of social
disaffection for lawyers,and disaffection for the law, is a limited public understanding of how
law works and how It could be changed. Greater clarity about these issues,maybe as a result
of better public relations, would reduce many aspects of public dissatisfaction with the law.

Questions 20 and 21
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 20 and 21 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO of the followig statements does the writer make about legal skills in today's world?
A There should be a person with legal training in every hospital.
B Lawyers with experience in commercial law are the most in demand.
C Knowledge of the law is as important as having computer skills.
D Society could not function effectively without legal experts.
E Schools should teach students about the law.
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Questions 22-26
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.
Lawyers as professionals
People sometimes say that 22 ………………………….. is of little interest to lawyers, who are more
concerned with making money. This may well be the case with some individuals, in the same
way that some 23 ………………………….. or scientific experts may also be driven purely by financial
greed. However, criticising lawyers because their work is concerned with people's problems
would be similar to attacking IT staff or 24 ………………………….. for the same reason. In fact, many
lawyers focus on questions relating, for example, to housing or civil liberties, which requires
them to have 25 ………………………….. to their work. What's more, a lot of lawyers' time is spent
writing 26 ………………………….. rather than dealing with people's misfortunes.
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READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3
on pages 9 and 10.

The Voynich Manuscript

The starkly modern Beinecke Library at Yale University is home to some of the most valuable
books in the world: first folios of Shakespeare, Gutenberg Bibles and manuscripts from the early
Middle Ages, Yet the library's most controversial possession is an unprepossessing vellum
manuscript about the size of a hardback book, containing 240-odd pages of drawings and text of
unknown age and authorship. Catalogued as MS408, the manuscript would attract little
attention were it not for the fact that the drawings hint at esoteric knowledge, while the text
seems to be some sort of code - one that no-one has been able to break. It's known to scholars
as the Voynich manuscript, after the American book dealer Wilfrid Voynich, who bought the
manuscript from a Jesuit college in Italy in 1912.

Over the years, the manuscript has attracted the attention of everyone from amateur dabblers
to top codebreakers, all determined to succeed where countless others have failed. Academic
research papers, books and websites are devoted to making sense of the contents of the
manuscript, which are freely available to all "Most other mysteries involve secondhand reports,'
says Dr Gordon Rugg of Keele University, a leading Voynich expert. But this is one that you can
see for yourself.

It is certainly strange: page after page of drawings of weird plants, astrological symbolism and
human figures, accompanied by a script that looks likesome form of shorthand. What does it
sayand what are the drawings about? Voynich himself believed that the manuscript was the
work of the 13th-century English monk Roger Bacon, famed for his knowledge of alchemy,
philosophy and science. In 1921 Voynich's view that Bacon was the writer appeared to win
support from the work of William Newbold, Professor of Philosophy at the University of
Pennsylvania, who claimed to have found the key to the cipher system used by Bacon. According
to Newbold, the manuscript proved that Bacon had access to a microscope centuries before
they were supposedly first invented, The claim that this medieval monk had observed living ceils
created a sensation. It soon became clear, however that Newbold had fallen victim to wishful
thinking. Other scholars showed that his 'decoding' methods produced a host of possible
interpretations. The Voynich manuscript has continued to defy the efforts of world-class
experts. In 1944, a team was assembled to tackle the mystery, led by William Friedman, the
renowned American codebreaker. They began with the most basic codebreakinq task: analysing
the relative frequencies of the characters making up the text, looking for signs of an underlying
structure. YetFriedman's team soon found themselves in deep water. The precise size of the
'alphabet' of the Voynich manuscript was unclear: it's possible to make out more than 70
distinct symbols among the 170,000-character text. Furthermore, Friedman discovered that
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some words and phrases appeared more often than expected in a standard language, casting
doubt on claims that the manuscript concealed a real language, as encryption typically reduces
word frequencies.

Friedman concluded that the most plausible resolution of this paradox was that "Voynichese' is
some sort of specially created artificial language, whose words are devised from concepts,
rather than linguistics. So, could the Voynich manuscript be the earliest known example of an
artificial language? Friedman's hypothesis commands respect because of the lifetime of
cryptanalytical expertise he brought to bear,' says Rob Churchill, co-author of 7heVoynich
Manuscript, that still leaves a host of questions unanswered, however, such as the identity of
the author and the meaning of the bizarre drawings. "It does little to advance our
understanding of the manuscript as a whole,' says Churchill. Even though Friedman was working
more than 60 years ago, he suspected that major insights would come from using the device
that had already transformed codebreaking: the computer. In this he was right - it is now the
key tool for uncovering clues about the manuscript's language.

The insights so far have been perplexing. For example, in 2001 another leading Voynich scholar,
Dr Gabriel Landin of Birmingham University in the UK, published the results of his study of the
manuscript using a pattern-detecting method called spectral analysis. This revealed evidence
that the manuscript contains genuine words, rather than random nonsense, consistent with the
existence of some underlying natural language. Yet the following year, Voynich expert Ren
Zandbergen of the European Space Agency in Darmstadt, Germany showed that the entropy of
the text (a measure of the rate of transfer of information) was consistent with Friedman's
suspicions that an artificial language had been used. Many are convinced that the Voynich
manuscript isn't a hoax. For how could a medieval hoaxer create so many telltale signs of a
message from random nonsense? Yet even this has been challenged in new research by Rugg.
Using a system, first published by the Italian mathematician Girolamo Cardano in 1150in which
a specially constructed grille issued to pick out symbols from a table, Rugg found he could
rapidly generate text with many of the basic traits of the Voynich manuscript. Publishing his
results in 2004Rugg stresses that he hadn't set out to prove the manuscript a hoax. 'I simply
demonstrated that it's feasible to hoax something this complex in a few months, he says.
Inevitably, others beg to differ. Some scholars, such as Zandbergen, still suspect the text has
genuine meaning, though believe it may never be decipherable. Others, such as Churchill, have
suggested that the sheer weirdness of the illustrations and text hint at an author who had lost
touch with reality. What is clear is that the book-sized manuscript kept under lock and key at
Yale University has lost none of its fascination. "Many derive great intellectual pleasure from
solving puzzles,' says Rugg. The Voynich manuscript is as challenging a puzzle as anyone could
ask for.
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Questions 27-30
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE it the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

27 It is uncertain when the Voynich manuscript was written.

28 Wilfrid Voynich donated the manuscript to the Beinecke Library.
29 Interest in the Voynich manuscript extends beyond that of academics and professional
codebreakers.
30 The text of the Voynich manuscript contains just under 70 symbols

Questions 31 - 34
Look at the following statements (Questions 31-34) and the list of people below.
Match each statement with the correct person, A-H.
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 31-34 on your answer sheet.
31 The number of times that some words occur make it unlikely that the manuscript is
based on an authentic language.
32 Unlike some other similar objects of fascination, people can gain direct access to the
Voynich manuscript.
33 The person who wrote the manuscript may not have been entirely sane.
34 It is likely that the author of the manuscript is the same person as suggested by Wilfrid
Voynich

List of People
A Gordon Rugg
B Roger Bacon
C William Newbold
D William Friedman
E Rob Churchill
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F Gabriel Landini
G Ren Zandbergen
H Girolamo Cardano

Questions 35- 39
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.
Voynich Researchers
William Newbold believed that the author of the Voynich manuscript had been able to look at
cells through a 35…………………………..., Other researchers later demonstrated that there were
flaws in his argument.
William Friedman concluded that the manuscript was written in an artificial language that was
based on 36 ………………………….., He couldn't find out the meaning of this language but he
believed that the 37 ………………………….. would continue to bring advances in codebreaking.
Dr Gabriel Landini used a system known as 38 ………………………….. in his research, and claims to
have demonstrated the presence of genuine words.
Dr Gordon Rugg's system involved a grille, that made it possible to quickly select symbols that
appeared in a 39 …………………………... Rugg's conclusion was that the manuscript lacked genuine
meaning.

Question 40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D
Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.
The writer's main aim in this passage is to
A explain the meaning of the manuscript.
B determine the true identity of the manuscript's author.
C describe the numerous attempts to decode the manuscript.
D identify which research into the manuscript has had the most media coverage
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WRITING
TASK 1 - LINE

TASK 2 – BUILDING
Some people think that certain old buildings are more worth preserving than other ones. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?