DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v12i3.

6705
ISSN No. 0976-5697
Volume 12, No. 3, May-June 2021
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science
RESEARCH PAPER
Available Online at www.ijarcs.info

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DOOR SECURRITY ALARM SYSTEM

BASED ON SMS VERIFICATION AND VOICE RECOGNITION
A.S. Falohun B.O. Makinde
Department of Computer Engineering, Department of Computer Science
LadokeAkintola University of Technology, Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke
Ogbomoso, Nigeria

F. W. Akinleye
T. H. Akin-Olayemi Department of Computer Science
Department of Computer Science, Igbajo Polytechnic, Igbajo
Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti Osun State.

O.P. Kehinde and T. M. Oyelami

Department of Computer Engineering,
LadokeAkintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Abstract: Home security is very crucial, different ways of security system have been enhanced such as the use of alarms, monitoring system,
through the interaction of electronic hardware, software and much more. This project involves SMS verification and voice message based door
access system to detect intruders, trespassers, criminals or any form of criminal act. The project is to design and construct a door security alarm
system based on SMS verification and voice recognition. The objectives of this project are as follows: To design a security system that would
automatically control the operations of a door via voice command through android application development and via SMS verification using
GSM module. To develop and implement a system that utilizes voice command and SMS verification technology for access. To provide perfect
security for door access, this project made use of two different technologies viz SMS verification and voice recognition. The microcontroller
continuously receives command from the GSM module and the android application which is connected through the Bluetooth module. It then
takes decision on the basis of the command received. The system has been designed to work with GSM technology, which will generate a
message, every time an intruder tries to get an unauthorized access to the house. There is a unique voice keyword that grants access to the door
via Google’s open-source speech-to-text on the android application using HC-05 Bluetooth module is employed to serve as a wireless link
between the android application and the door. Having designed the system and found it working properly according to its design, the aim of the
project can be said to be achieved. Thus, Voice Recognition and SMS verification offers a better security than traditional methods of security.

Keywords: Security, GSM Module, Voice recognition module, Microcontroller, Access control system, Arduino

I. INTRODUCTION up with the increasing crime rate. Home security is

significant for every home owner either in an individual
A security system is defined as a mechanism to detect house or an apartment.[22] Wireless security system can be
intrusion, unauthorized entry into a building or a protected used to provide security system for residential, industrial
area and deny such unauthorized access to protect personnel and for all domestic and commercial purposes, Security is
and property from damage or harm. Security systems are an important factor today, as Technology develops day by
mainly used in residential, commercial, industrial and day in the world likewise The crime gang also improves its
military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or technology to perform its operations. As a result of this, the
property damage, as well as personal protection against technology of security should be modern with time to
intruders.[22] protect individuals from crime works. Due to the need to
Nowadays, home security is very crucial. Different increase the security of life and properties in our
ways of security system have been enhanced such as the use environment, security systems are used as selective systems
of alarms, monitoring system, through the interaction of to decide who has access to a given location based on a
electronic hardware, software and much more. Recently, the personal distinctive traits of the user. It also serves the
rate of crimes involving robbery in hostels and houses is function of sensing or detecting false intrusion (using input
increasing. There is need to enhance home security systems sensory devices and gives early warning using audio
to make them more sophisticated, effective in order to keep warning devices alarm – light indicators and remotely

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 A.S. Falohun et al, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 12 (3), May-June 2021,23-37

controlled computer systems). The term false intrusion is Since last 4-5 decades, the concept of home automation
used to mean any form of attempt to gain entry without has been there. People’s expectations regarding home
following the proper pre-designed protocol(s) [7]. automation and security have changed during the course of
From time past till present, there are some earlier time due to the advancement of technology and services.
development like; security locks devices made of forged Different security systems over the time tried to provide
metal i.e. simple lock and bolt, the door chain, pin tumbler efficient convenient and safe way for home inhabitants to
lock, the jam lock and padlock etc. Other recently developed access their homes. Irrespective of the change in user
security devices are gadgets like laser beam detectors, expectations, advancement of technology, or change of time,
motion detectors, magnetic card readers. Most recent of the role of a home automation system has remained the
these devices are offshoots of biometric engineering. They same [22]. The tasks of a modern security system include
include voice recognition systems, finger print readers, identifying an intruder trying to gain access to the home,
retina eye scanners etc. The major characteristic of security alerting the homeowner about the intrusion or intrusion
devices is to prevent an intruder from gaining access to a attempt, preventing the intruder from gaining access to the
location [26]. In recent years, home security has shifted home, and gathering or collecting evidence regarding the
away from simple control panels and deadbolt locks into intrusion so that the perpetuators can be brought to justice
cool, coveted high-tech gadgets. There are so many new [32].
things that have been invented when it comes to providing
security. To understand how home security evolved into II. OVERVIEW OF SECURITY ALARM
what it is today, It is necessary to take a look back at the SYSTE
past [23].
When World War I ended, an increase in crime A security alarm is a system designed to detect
followed. As a result, People became sensitive to security intrusion – unauthorized entry – into a building or other area
needs and were eager to find ways to protect themselves and such as a home or school. Some alarm systems serve a
their property. Additionally, many insurance companies single purpose of burglary protection; combination systems
began offering premium discounts to alarm subscribers. provide both fire and intrusion protection [18].Alarm
These events produced a consumer demand for alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection;
systems. During this time, homeowners may have combination systems provide both fire and intrusion
subscribed to a service called door shakers— a group of protection. Intrusion alarm systems may also be combined
night watchmen who would shake subscribers’ doors each with closed-circuit television surveillance (CCTV) systems
night to ensure they were locked. More advanced users may to automatically record the activities of intruders, and may
have installed an alarm system that used electromagnetic interface to access control systems for electrically locked
contacts fastened to doors and windows, which were doors [28]. Systems range from small, self-contained
connected to a battery and bell. These systems were noisemakers, to complicated, multirally systems with
monitored by a central station that sent a guard to the computer monitoring and control. It may even include two-
residence when the alarm was triggered. Fast forward to way voice which allows communication between the panel
today, homeowners have traded door shakers for automated, and Monitoring station [18].
sophisticated systems. Now, to ensure that doors are locked There are different types of Home Security Alarm
and the alarm is set, users simply log in remotely via a web- system. They are:
enabled device and check the status of their homes. They i. Electric Current Alarm System
can lock doors, arm the system, or adjust the thermostat with Electric current systems are the most basic monitoring tool,
the touch of a button[32]. in that they only monitor entry points like doors and
Video surveillance technology was developed in the windows, and are often installed when a home is being built.
1940s; it wasn’t until the 1970s that it was used in homes as With these systems, a low-voltage electrical circuit flows
a security measure. An early model of an advanced video between two points.[51]
home security system included a large motorized camera ii. Wired Alarm System
that moved down a track to view the exterior of the home A hardwired alarm system describes a number of sensors
through four peepholes mounted in the front door [3]. The throughout the home that are connected to a control panel,
video camera transmitted grainy images of visitors to a via a network of wires that run inside the walls and under
stationary television monitor that also served as the control the floors [51].
panel where the homeowner could remotely control the iii. Wireless Alarm System
camera’s movements [32]. The panel, which was located in Wireless security systems are the next generation of security
a separate room away from the camera, was equipped with equipment. They offer comprehensive protection, lower
security features such as an intercom to communicate with installation costs, and easy upgrades. Essentially, a wireless
visitors, a door lock switch and an alarm button that could security system is comprised of alarms, sensors, cameras,
activate the alarm at the central station that monitors the and various detectors all connected to a main control panel
residence[3]. Now, surveillance cameras are as small as one via radio signals [51].
square inch, connected to the Internet and outfitted with iv. Unmonitored Alarm System
powerful lenses that can capture and stream high definition Unmonitored (or self-monitored) security systems consist of
video online that can be viewed from anywhere in the world equipment you can have a professional install or install
[20]. Additionally, with a connected smart home, yourself. Equipment can vary greatly between systems, but
homeowners can program their security systems to send a typical items include a control panel, motion sensors, door
live video clip of an area if motion is detected when the and window sensors, glass-break sensors, smoke detectors,
home is unoccupied and the alarm is activated [18] and sirens [51].

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v. Monitored Alarm System Figure 1: Ancient key [53]

Monitored security systems are systems that are actively ii. Keypads
monitored by a professional home security company. When One of the earliest security door alarm system was keypads.
the system detects a break-in, fire, or other emergency, it Keypads allowed employees and other authorized users to
notifies the security team and, in some cases, emergency enter a personal identification number (PIN) or password
responders [51]. that matched data in an electronic device. The system
provided minimal security, but it was more efficient than
Door Security Alarm System locks and keys. It was a revolutionary idea at the time, but it
Door alarms serve to create safe homes and offices was fundamentally flawed as anyone obtained the code,
by warning against intrusion at access points that get opened perhaps by looking over someone’s shoulder could then
often. At the moment a door is opened by a burglary enter. Forgetting an assigned PIN or sharing it with others
attempt, the sensors can activate a flashlight, a loud siren limited the effectiveness of the system. This was classed as a
and a phone call, or any combination of the above. non-intelligent reader [52][.
A door security alarm system determines access
and non-access to door; door security in the past was done
through keys and locks. When a door is locked only
someone with a key can enter through the door depending
on how the lock is set up. Mechanical locks and keys do not
limit the key holder to specific times or dates as long as the
owner has access to the keys [30].
Mechanical locks and keys have their limitations;
the keys can be easily copied or transferred to an
unauthorized person. When a mechanical key is lost, the
locks must be changed or replaced [35].
Electronic door security system solve the
limitations to mechanical locks, a lot of methods can be used
to replace the mechanical keys[33].The method used and
employed is SMS verification and Voice Recognition using
text message and android app, access is granted using an
assigned keyword from a registered number and a distinct
voice keyword from the android app [30].
When access is granted, the door is unlocked for a Figure 2: A door keypad[53]
set time, then locks after a time interval, once an individual
uses a wrong keyword, an intruder SMS is sent to the
phones of the house owners. iii. Card Readers
Recognizing the shortcomings of keypads, manufacturers
History of door security alarm system developed card readers. Usually, a magnetic strip would be
i. Locks and Keys attached to the card which a staff member could then swipe
Mechanical locks (that is a device that keeps a door locked) through a narrow slot in order to gain access. Cards have
began in Ancient Egypt more than 6 thousand years ago become more sophisticated over time, with barcode,
with the most primitive key device and lock being proximity, smart card and biometric readers offering
discovered in the capital of ancient Assyria, Nineveh ruins. different pros and cons for various commercial applications.
This is the earliest form of door security alarm system that [52]
was used in office buildings, homes, etc., to keep belongings
and information safe. In no time it proved to be insecure
because thieves could break in, keys were stolen and
intruders had unauthorized access to important things[53].

Figure 3: Card reader[53]

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 A.S. Falohun et al, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 12 (3), May-June 2021,23-37

iv. Biometric readers usefulness of this module is its ability to interface with other
These special biometric readers are designed to read circuit elements like the microprocessor; hence making it
biometric information instead of a card that is carried. This possible to embed it with other systems.
makes use of fingerprint, facial, finger vein, voice ii. GSM Module (SIM800L)
recognition, iris recognition and others that is a much more GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)
secure system and costs more [55]. is a wireless network system that uses a mobile operator and
functions just like a mobile phone. The GSM module has a
SMS (Short Message Service) System SIM card slot, thus making the module have a mobile
SMS (Short Message Service) is a text messaging number of its own and enabling it to activate communication
service component of most telephone, internet, and mobile over the network. The user can send or receive an SMS as
device systems. It uses standardized communication well as make or receive voice calls over the module
protocols that let mobile devices exchange short text interface. The GSM module can be connected through the
messages. An intermediary service can facilitate a text-to- serial port or to a microcontroller. There are a set of AT
voice conversion to be sent to landlines. SMS as used on commands that are used to establish communication
modern devices, originated from radio telegraphy in radio between the microcontroller and the GSM module. The
memo pagers that used standardized phone protocols. These GSM module used in this security system uses SIM800L
were defined in 1985 as part of the Global System for module [37].
Mobile Communications (GSM) series of standards. SIM800L is a miniature GSM modem, which
The first test SMS message was sent on December allows for GPRS transmission, sending or receiving SMS, as
3,1992, when Neil Papwort, a test engineer for Sema Group, well as making or receiving phone calls. Its low cost, small
used a personal computer to send “Merry Christmas” to footprint and quad brand frequency support make it to be a
phone of colleague Richard Jarvis. SMS rolled out perfect solution for any project that requires long range
commercially on many cellular networks that decade and connectivity. SIM800L has two antennas. It consumes about
became hugely popular worldwide as a method of text 300mA in idle mode and about 2A in busy mode. It needs
communication. By the end of 2010, SMS was the most between 3.8V to 4.2V, in which 4V is recommended in most
widely used data application, with an estimated 3.5 billion cases. It uses UART (serial) means of communication.
active users, or about 80% of all mobile phone subscribers.
The service allows users to send and receive messages
of up to 160 characters (entirely alpha-numeric) to and from
GSM mobiles. Although most SMS messages are sent from
one mobile phone to another, support for service has
expanded to include other mobile technologies such as
ANSI CDMA networks and Digital AMPS. Mobile
marketing, a type of direct marketing, uses SMS [54].

Figure 5: GSM Module (SIM800L) [61]

iii. SMS Implementation

The SIM800L module acts as the mediator between
Figure4: SMS on a mobile phone [50]
the microcontroller unit and the mobile phone and it is also
responsible for the communication between them. The GSM
module communicates with the microcontroller in a serial
i. SMS Control
manner. It has an Rx and Tx pins on the board. These pins
GSM being one of the most popular and used
are connected to the Tx and Rx pins of the Arduino [44].
means of mobile communication makes it to be viable and
This unit is responsible for sending command from
unique. To perform the task, The GSM modem must support
the microcontroller to the mobile phone and vice versa. The
an “extended AT command set” for sending/receiving SMS
command sent by the user from the mobile phone is
messages. The GSM modem (SIM800L) used for this work
executed by the microcontroller. It does not require any
was configured using standard AT commands that can carry
special feature or application for the mobile phone to be a
out operations of conventional phone. [44] The major

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part of the system. The command to the microcontroller is It acts a slave only, that is, it cannot initiate
sent through text messages from the mobile phone and the communication. Figure 3.1 shows the Bluetooth module
alert from the microcontroller is received as a text as well.
Table 3.1 shows the AT commands used in the system [29]. Technical Specifications
Operating Voltage: 4V to 6V (Typically +5V)
iv. Advantages of Short Message Service Operating Current: 30mA
(SMS) System Range: up to 10meters
- Message can be sent at any time, day or night. Communication Mode: Serial communication (UART)
- Less time is needed to communicate hence, it is the Supported baud rate: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200,
fastest way to reach anyone. 230400, and 460800.
- Anyone can send a message to the recipient even if
he/she is available or not. Advantages of voice recognition via Bluetooth
- Good for informal messages. - Generate personalization, personal conversations
can be accomplished by voice.
- Talking is better than typing, life is easier and more
Limitations of Short Message Service (SMS) System efficient as voice inputs than typing.
- There is no guarantee that the text message will be - Voice recognition is a great option for people with
delivered to its destination. motoric disabilities or difficulties to communicate
- The delivery can happen very late due to much easier.
congestion or the delivery may fail due to - Enables you to perform task or job more easily.
destination mobile is busy or out of service
- The SMS size is limited to about 160 characters. Limitations of voice recognition via Bluetooth
- Voice recognition remains useful for security
system, however has certain limitations;
Voice Recognition - Voice recognition via Bluetooth only work up to a
An Android application (voice recognition on range of 10meters because the maximum range for
Android) was used for the voice recognition stage of this a Bluetooth connection is 10meters.
design. There are several platforms for developing - Bluetooth connection has a limited connection of
smartphone applications such as Windows Mobile, one phone at a time; it can’t connect two phones at
Symbian, iOS and Android. The Android platform is an same time to grant access to the door.
open-source whereby users can easily customize the tools
and develop applications according to their needs [18].
The Android SDK (Software Development Kit) provides a
wide range of useful libraries, tools necessary to develop
applications on the Android platform using the Java
programming language. Any sound could be trained as voice
command. Users need to train the application on android
first before letting it recognize any voice command.
The interest in voice recognition is continually growing
nowadays. Today, we distinguish two types of voice
recognition;
Text-Dependent: depends on the specific sets of words the
person says- you need step-up authentication and identity
verification and in order to be activated, the user has to say
the necessary phrase.
Text-Independent: does not depend on a specific text yet
relies on conversation speech. The authentication does not
require for the user to say a set of required phrases [34].

Wireless Link (Bluetooth)

HC-05 Bluetooth module is an easy to use Figure 6: Bluetooth Module (HC-05) [60]
Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, which means
it communicates with the Arduino via the Serial
Communication. It uses a UART (serial) communication III. RELATED WORKS
protocol which makes it easy to interface with any
microcontroller or system. The HC-05 Bluetooth module is Over the years, security system is implemented in
much different from all other Bluetooth devices because of various places. A security measure plays an important role
its multiple pins and their functions. This module operates in daily life. Some of the researchers have conducted and
with TX and RX pins at 9600 baud rates. It offers two ways successfully developed various types of security systems
communication for shorter distances with fast speed [38]. using different technologies. There were several researchers
HC-05 Bluetooth module has an enable pin which on intelligent lock system depending on the number of
allows toggling between the command and data mode. Its security features which entails. In this section, some of the
range is up to 8 – 10 meters and it uses 5V to power up. authors along with the Concept and theory of their works

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will be highlighted. The advantages, disadvantage and through a DTMF decoder interfaced with microcontroller
possible improvement (research gap) were enumerated. unit and a stepper motor. It provides an easy way of
[12] designed a digital door lock security system using controlling a lock without physical contact, but the system
the RFID technology. After receiving the tag information, lack true user identification system such as biometric and
the reader sends this information to the database for face detection facility. It also lacks notification and alarming
confirmation. If it holds, the information is stored for further system. An improvement can be made by adding another
operation. The central server queries to database and retrieve security feature to increase the security reliability.
corresponding information after receiving the query from [24] designed security door that opened by pressing the
the reader. The reader computes timestamp (date, time) after keys of the assigned codes on the mobile phone, or by
receiving the reply form server and creates a log. Once the entering the corresponding code in a computer set interfaced
tag information is verified, the system generates a control with the system. The door opens automatically when the
signal through parallel port which controls the opening/ right code is entered and remains open for 10 seconds before
closing of door by means of stepper motor. Creating a log closing back. The security system is affordable but lack
which contains information of the user is another vital auto-generation code and registration mode mechanism. An
security feature to the system, but it lacks notification and improvement can be made by adding biometric, auto-
alarming facilities. The system can be improved by adding generation and registration mode mechanism.
security feature(s) such as GSM module and buzzer. [2] designed a GSM based automated embedded system
[17] implemented a storage locker system. The system for monitoring and controlling of smart grid. The device
uses the technique of fingerprint recognition as the means to acquire the remote electrical parameters like Voltage,
actuate the opening and closure of the lock. Biometric is a Current and Frequency from Smart grid and send these real
reliable security feature, but lack security feature for time values over GSM network using GSM Modem/phone
physically impaired person (amputee) and notification along with temperature at power station. It operates an
mechanism in case of an intruder, An improvement can be Electromagnetic Relay. The Relay is used to operate a
made by adding another security feature(s) such as RFID Circuit Breaker to switch off the main electrical supply. It is
system to take care of such people and to strengthen the a good protective system but has no sensor and transducer
security of the system. for measuring environmental condition such as temperature,
[10] designed an RFID based automatic access control humidity etc. And improvement can be made by adding
system. The USB serial communication was used to environmental condition measuring facilities.
communicate with the host computer which is interfaced [25] developed a programmable electronic digital code
with the PIC 16f877A. Therefore, the graphic user interface lock system. In the design, a device is locked using a six-
program provides the functionalities of the overall system digit code (password). The electronic code lock system was
such as displaying live ID tags transactions, registering ID, activated by switching to alarm mode when any wrong code
deleting ID, recording attendance and other minor functions is entered for four consecutive times and allows the user to
which were developed using visual basic 2010. Having stop it only when a proper 6-digit code is entered in the
feature for registering and deleting ID make the system correct sequence. it is an affordable and simple security
more flexible but the system lack facilities for true user system, but the system lacks notification facilities,
identification such as fingerprint scanner, camera etc. An registration mechanism to change the pass-code. Other
improvement can be made on this system by RFID finger security feature such as GSM system can be incorporated for
print scanner instead of Tag to rule the possibility of notification information to dedicated person in case of any
unauthorized access. attempted intruder.
[27] proposed an idea of solving problems arising in [11] designed a system that work base on the principle
logistics management with the aid of wireless of face recognition. If iris is matched, the door automatically
communication. The proposed system works as thus: If will be opened otherwise it will remain close. Infrared
overloaded, a Buzzer is triggered. Vehicle starts to move sensor was used to detect the human in or out. It is a reliable
from source to destination while GPS starts getting location security system but the system lacks other sensor(s) for
and sending the details on Request. When the vehicle sensing other parameters for physically impaired person
reaches destination the unloading of goods take place, also (without iris). Modification can be made on the system by
the RFID tag is read and validation of tag takes place. If incorporating a biometric system to be used by such person.
successful, user is allowed to access the goods, If not, SMS [19] designed a system to simulate an electronic key,
based indication will be provided. GSM will indicate the which is controlled through a Bluetooth enabled smart
unloading details of goods on regular intervals. The phone. Controlling is conducted by sending a command via
misplacement of the goods is indicated with the help of a Bluetooth to the Arduino circuit that acts as an interface
Buzzer. If misplaced goods are not reloaded into the vehicle, between the Android smart phone and solenoid. The security
SMS will be sent to the base station and will not allow the system is simple with low failure rate but lack notification
vehicle to move. This approach is a secured way of guiding system. Modification can be made by adding another
goods but system is not likened to an online Google map. security feature to increase the reliability of the security
An improvement can be made by considering misplacement system.
of goods while unloading and the system should be linked to [4] proposed a lock system that provides the MMS to
an online map for real time location. identify intruder by sending MMS from transmitter phone to
[39] designed and constructed a prototype security door receiver phone. If anyone uses the system, image will be
that can be remotely controlled. A GSM phone set acting as captured by using web camera. The captured image will be
the transmitter and another GSM phone set with dual tone viewed in PC by using MATLAB and the image will be
multi-frequency (DTMF) connected to the door motor compared with the stored images, if it is matched with

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stored images the door will be automatically opened. If it is on this system by using biometric instead of RFID and
not matched, the image will be transmitted to mobile phone alarming facility.
by using mobile data cable. After intruder detection the [36] designed a security system in which RFID reader
Alarm and Door Lock Gun will be activated by sending reads the fingerprint from passive tag and sends it to the
commands from receiver to transmitter. The main advantage microcontroller, if the fingerprint is matched then
of this technique is its high speed processing capability and microcontroller sends the password to the authenticated
low computational requirements, in terms of both speed and prisoner mobile number then the authenticated prisoner
memory utilization but lack true identification system for a enters both passwords in the keyboard which was already
facially deformed user due to accident whose facial image given to the user and that received from the microcontroller.
was earlier captured. The system can be modified by If these two passwords are matched then the locker will be
providing another security feature to increase the security opened otherwise the microcontroller sends a warning
reliability of the system. message to the authenticated prisoner mobile number. It is a
[13] designed a microcontroller-based home security secure way of guiding prison using multiple protocols. The
system with GSM technology. Mobile phone is interfaced system has no registration mode to allow for change of
with the microcontroller through a Bluetooth device in order phone number and RFID number without altering the
to control the system. A manual keypad is another way to program in case of change of user. An improvement can be
lock or unlock the system. It is a reliable security system made on the system by incorporating registration mode and
because its bi-modal (parallel) nature, but the system lacks allowing the system to generate codes instead of using an
code registration mechanism and the microcontroller established password.
program lacks auto generated code routine. Modifications [9] proposed an intelligent security system for vehicles
can be made in the design by adding auto-generated code in which the manufacturer initializes the immobilizer and
device and making the security features work serially, thus near field communication (NFC) tag with authentication
making it multiprotocol device. key. The manufacturer also installs the smart secure mobile
[1] designed GSM based authorized access with application in smart phone which is NFC enabled. The
separate user password door lock/unlock control system. vehicle user reads the authentication key from NFC tag
SMS application sends data through GSM Modem. Another using NFC reader and stores the key in encrypted form.
GSM device connected at the receiving end which is fed to When it is necessary to unlock the vehicle, smart phone is
the microcontroller. The microcontroller initiates a placed closer to immobilizer. After placing, immobilizer
mechanism to open the door through a motor driver reads the key and decrypts the key. Then immobilizer
interface, if the sent data (password entered by the user) verifies the key with authentication key. If it is matched, it
matches with the password stored in the microcontroller. unlocks the vehicle; otherwise it sends an alert message. It
This is simple and will give a good value for investment but provides more security to the vehicles using secure
the program in the microcontroller lacks auto-generated hardware, but lack vehicle location facilities and notification
code routine. Improvement can be made by programming mechanism to notify the owner of an intruder. An
the microcontroller to generate codes. improvement can be made by the combination of biometric,
[5] designed a GSM based attendance monitoring GPS and GSM technology, i.e. biometric for unlocking,
systems which lock/unlock the door whenever the student GPS to locate the position of vehicle and GSM for
sweeps the RFID tag near RFID Reader. The Student notification.
Details will be indicated on the LCD display and send [8] developed a microcontroller-based biometric locker
through GSM SIM 300 Modem to parents to display system with short message service (SMS). The system scans
whether the student is present or not. It is a reliable fingerprint, match it with the saved pattern and unlock the
attendance base system especially with the feature of parent locker. The global system for mobile (GSM) module was
notification, but the system lacks registration mechanism able to send text message containing the auto-generated pass
and true identification system to alert the administrator of code of the locker when an unrecognized fingerprint was
any manipulated intruder. The system can be improved encountered. It is a simple and reliable way of safeguarding
further by adding registration mechanism, alarming a lock system, but the system has no registration mode
mechanism and true identification system. Extending the mechanism to register finger pattern of new user. An
system with Online Web based attendance system that can improvement can be made by incorporating registration
be made by providing the Student Database to the host mode and adding another security features to increase the
Computer so that the Student’s Record is to be updated security reliability.
automatically could also be feasible. [40] designed and implemented a door locking system
[16] designed a Campus Access Management System using android app. The software was designed using an
based on RFID technology. The data from RFID reader is android app that generates a password that is recognized by
transmitted to a Centralized Remote Computer or Server the Bluetooth to control opening and closing of the door
located in the administrative office of the college through a located at some distance from the user. The Bluetooth
RS-232 interface. The centralized server determines the module that is installed on the door receives the command
authorization & access control rights. Access codes are from the android phones and passes these commands to the
entered through a Keypad. The entire program code was microcontroller that control opening and closing of the door.
written in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Software. This This design was simulated in Proteus integrated
approach presents a highly coordinated attendance system, development environment after which the hardware was
but the system lacks secured security feature and alarming built on experimental boards. The performance of the
mechanism to notify the security. Modification can be made system agrees excellently with its conception. The system

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 A.S. Falohun et al, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 12 (3), May-June 2021,23-37

can be used in various situation where access to an presented. The methodology used in achieving this smart
enclosure need to be secured. lock system was also discussed using block diagram. The
[41]designed motion detector alarm and security various methods of the door operations using Camera view
system. The project is built using an embedded and button, STSP button, GSM call, and Mobile App were
microcontroller system capable of detecting motion of an tested and it was successful. Plates of the prototype of the
intruder in a restricted area and then triggering an alarm smart lock system were presented and discussed. Though it
system, motion detector system, however passive infrared may be impossible to guarantee absolute security, threat
sensor detected the motion of the person using the person identifying and risks of this system are vital steps toward
body heat. The passive infrared (PIR) sensor which is the improving security.
option detector used in this project is attached to a
microcontroller which activates the alarm system and any IV. METHODOLOGY
other attached output device to notify the house owner. The This android and GSM based door security system
future improvement of the project are great considering the is a microcontroller-based design which controls a door via
amount of time and resources it saves. This system van be voice input using Google’s open-source speech-to-text on
used as a reference for project of greater level including the android application as well as via SMS through the
audio-visual cameral by sending the captured image to an mobile phone.
email instantly. However, regardless of all the above revised An HC-05 Bluetooth module is employed to serve
numerous accomplishments, a door security alarm system as a wireless link between the android application and the
using SMS verification and Voice Recognition is effective door while a SIM800L GSM module is employed also to
to ensure security for door security alarm systems. serve as a wireless link between the microcontroller
[42] A Review Advancement of Security Alarm System (ATMEGA328P) unit and the mobile station (i.e. the mobile
Using Internet of Things (IoT). A home security alarm phone). The communication between the microcontroller
system was designed and implemented based on the and other components of the system takes place serially.
Microsoft Kinect sensor. The introduced system can detect The microcontroller continuously receives command
intrusion and respond to it in real-time. If the intrusion is from the GSM module and the android application
detected, the system sends SMS as a notification to the connected through the Bluetooth module. It then takes
authorized user. Moreover, as soon as the intrusion is decision on the basis of the command received. The system
detected, pictures will be taken using the RGB camera of the has been designed to work with GSM technology, which
Kinect. These pictures will be sent to the authorized user via will generate a message, every time an intruder tries to get
email, and saved on the local drive. Simultaneously, the an unauthorized access to the house.
proposed system emits a loud sound to frighten away The hardware design will consist of the microcontroller
intruders. The proposed system could be used in homes, (ATMega328P), Bluetooth module (HC-05), GSM module
offices, warehouses, banks, hospitals, etc. (SIM800L), button, motor driver (L298N) and the buzzer.
[43] build a Real-Time Home Security Alarm System From the circuit diagram, the Bluetooth module, GSM
Using a Kinect Sensor, Home monitoring systems are module and the button (this will be used to open the door
widely used nowadays. This project focuses on the design from inside) are the inputs into the microcontroller while the
and implementation of a low cost, smart and compact real- motor driver and the buzzer are the outputs of the
time monitoring home security system using the Kinect microcontroller.
sensor and the Kinect SDK. Instead of developing new
methods to detect and track humans, this work focuses on
developing a high-level approach based on the Kinect
Windows SDK. The results have shown the use of the
Kinect device to build the introduced system as efficient
with a low computational complexity. Although the
proposed system’s algorithm presents a promising method to
build home security systems, further development may be
added. For example, the system performance can be
improved by applying multithreading techniques. In
addition, video-recording feature may be added to the
proposed system. Figure 7: Generalized block diagram of the door security
However, in view of the different design done by alarm system [5]
previous researchers, it was noticed that the researchers
worked with either Voice command using android The design of the door security alarm system
application or SMS verification via SM module but didn’t involved calculation of component values and their
incorporate the use of voice command and SMS verification specifications, stage by stage presentation of all individual
together some loophole are it doesn’t generate automatic modules and their operational principles. The design
intruder message which will indicate the number trying to consists of the following stages/units;
access the security keyword or call the house owners once a i. The Microcontroller
wrong voice command is used, that is where this project The microcontroller system is designed around the
comes handy to bridge the gap by making use of the two Atmel’s ATMEGA328P microcontroller. ATmega328P
security measures. microcontroller is the most popular of all AVR controllers
In this paper, the design and construction of a Prototype as it is used in Arduino boards. It is a high performance, low
smart door lock with an embedded spy camera was power controller from Microchip and an 8-bit

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 A.S. Falohun et al, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 12 (3), May-June 2021,23-37

microcontroller based on AVR RISC architecture.

ATmega328P has 32KB internal flash memory, 1KB
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
(EEPROM) and 2KB Static Random Access Memory
(SRAM). It has 28 pins. [45]
Atmega328P has 14 digital input/output (I/O) pins
and 6 analog pins, which amount to 20 means of input and
output pins. It operates between 1.8-5.5 volts.

Figure 9: L298N Motor Driver [57]

The average voltage depends on the duty cycle, or the

amount of time the signal is ON versus the amount of time
Figure 8: ATmega328 Pin Mapping [45] the signal is OFF in a single period of time.The higher the
duty cycle, the greater the average voltage being applied to
ii. Motor Driver (L298N) the dc motor (High Speed) and the lower the duty cycle, the
This L298N Motor driver Module is a high-power motor less the average voltage being applied to the dc motor (Low
driver module for driving DC and Stepper motors. L298N is Speed).
a dual H-Bridge motor driver which allows speed and H-Bridge BC Motor Control
direction control of two DC motors at the same time. It can The rotating direction of a DC motor can be controlled
drive DC motors that have voltages between 5V and 35V by changing the direction of the current flow though the
with a peak current up to 2A. ENA & ENB pins are speed motor. An H-Bridge circuit contains four switching
control pins for Motor A and Motor B respectively while elements, transistors or MOSFETS, with the motor at the
IN1 & IN2 and IN3 & IN4 are direction pins for Motor A center forming an H-like arrangement. Activating two
and Motor B respectively [47]. particular switches at the same time changes the direction of
This module consists of an L298 Motor Driver IC, 7805 the current flow. This causes change in the rotation direction
Voltage Regulator, resistors, capacitor, Power LED, 5V of the motor.
jumper in an integrated circuit. The 7805 voltage regulator
will only be enabled when the jumper is placed. If the motor iii. Power Supply Stage
supply voltage is less than or equal to 12V, we can enable This whole design runs off a 19V/3A AC-DC converter
the 5V regulator and the 5V pin can be used as an output pin voltage source with 36W (12V/3A) battery backup unit. The
to power the microcontroller. But if the supply voltage is power supply stage was designed and implemented to
greater than 12V, the jumper needs to be disconnected provide the varied required power for each stage that make
because the voltage can cause damage to the onboard 5V up this design.
regulator. In this case the 5V pin will be used as input, as it Power Requirement per Stage
needs to be connected to a 5V power supply in order for the GSM Module Stage: a SIM800L GSM module which
IC to work properly [48]. requires 4V/2A dc was employed for this stage. Hence, a
In order to have a full control over the DC motor, 4V/2A dc power supply was implemented for this stage
we have to control its speed and rotation direction. This can using LM317, an adjustable output positive voltage
be achieved by combining these two techniques: Pulse regulator.
Width Modulation (PWM) and H-Bridge. The output of the LM317 is obtained thus:
PWM DC Motor Control
This is a technique that allows the control of the
speed of a DC motor by varying or adjusting the average
value of its input voltage. This is done by sending a series of
ON-OFF pulses. The average voltage is proportional to the
width of the pulses known as Duty Cycle.

Microcontroller Stage: this stage is made up of the

microcontroller (ATMega328P), the temperature sensor, the
motion sensor and the display stage which all require a
5V/2A dc power source. Hence, a 5V/2A dc power supply
© 2020-2022, IJARCS All Rights Reserved 31
 A.S. Falohun et al, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 12 (3), May-June 2021,23-37

was implemented for this stage using LM317, an adjustable its working ability. The construction of this project was
output positive voltage regulator. done in three different stages.
Power supply stage for the Microcontroller - The implementation of the whole project on a
The output of the LM317 is obtained thus: solder-less experiment board (bread board).
- The soldering of the circuits on printed circuit
board.
- The coupling of the entire project to the casing.
i. Implementation
The implementation of this project was done on the
breadboard. The power supply was first derived from a
bench power supply in the school electronics laboratory to
confirm the workability of the circuits before the power
Mini Battery backup Stage supply stage was soldered. The implementation of the
This stage seeks to provide an uninterrupted source of project on bread board was successful and it met the desired
power for the design. When mains supply is available, the design aims with each stage performing as designed.
mini battery backup stage charges the battery and power the ii. Soldering
design using main supply. In the event of mains failure, with The various circuits and stages of this project were
the switch turned on, the design runs on the battery backup. soldered in tandem to meet desired workability of the
For the battery charging part, a limiting resistor is used to project. The power supply stage was first soldered before
limit the current delivered to the battery. The value of the the microcontroller, digital display and transistor- relay
resistor is chosen so that the charging current to the cells is switching stages were done. The soldering of the project
not greater than of the cell capacity. For this design, was done on a printed circuit board.
a battery rated at 4500mAh is used; the charging current Plate 4.1 below shows the soldering and component
must not exceed 450mA. arrangement on the printed circuit board.
When calculating the value of the resistor, the value of the
no-load voltage should be used. This will give the highest
charging current. The battery terminal voltage measures
6.9V when fully charged and the no-load output voltage of
the power supply is 11.33V.

Hence, the power resistor of value is used in this

design.

Plate 1: A components layout on printed circuit board. [58]

The printed circuit board has the power supply

stage which includes the rectification stage, filtering stage
and the voltage regulation stage. It also has the
microcontroller stage and the transistor switching stage.

iii. Casing and Boxing

The third phase of the project construction is the
casing of the project. This project was coupled to a plastic
casing. The casing material being plastic designed with
Figure10: Circuit diagram for the design of the door
special perforation and vents and also well labeled to give
security alarm system [57]
ecstatic value.
V. CONSTRUCTION, TESTING AND
The figures that follow show the pictures of the project:
DISCUSSION
Plate 1-9.
Construction
After carrying out all the paper design and analysis, the
project was implemented, constructed and tested to ensure

© 2020-2022, IJARCS All Rights Reserved 32

 A.S. Falohun et al, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 12 (3), May-June 2021,23-37

Plate 2: Home Door Security Prototype

Plate.4: The internal components of the door security

project.

Plate 3: Shows the side view of the project.

Plate5:Shows interface of the Android application

© 2020-2022, IJARCS All Rights Reserved 33

 A.S. Falohun et al, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 12 (3), May-June 2021,23-37

Plate 6: Shows the initialization of the android app using Plate 8: Shows the keyword is wrong.
the Google speech recognition.

Plate 7: Shows the keyword authentication

Plate 9: Shows SMS generated message from an

unregistered number.

Testing

© 2020-2022, IJARCS All Rights Reserved 34

 A.S. Falohun et al, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 12 (3), May-June 2021,23-37

Stage by stage testing was done according to the Problems Encountered

block representation on the breadboard, before soldering of Like every research and practical engineering work,
circuit commenced on printed circuit board. The process of diverse kinds of problems are often encountered. The
testing and implementation involved the use of some test problems encountered in this project and how they were
and measuring equipment’s stated below. solved and maneuvered are listed below.
Bench Power Supply: This was used to supply voltage to At the implementation stage of this project, the
the various stages of the circuit during the breadboard test communication between the controller and the mobile used
before the power supply in the project was soldered. Also in this project was found failing. The problem was traced to
during the soldering of the project the power supply was still both items not operating at the same frequency as designed.
used to test various stages before they were finally soldered. The oscillator was changed.
Oscilloscope: The oscilloscope was used to observe the Network variation might cause delay in the delivery of
ripples in the power supply waveform and to ensure that all the text message. However, the time delay was adjusted to
waveforms were correct and their frequencies accurate. The balance the irregularities in the delivery of the message by
waveform of the oscillation of the crystal oscillator used was network providers.
monitor to ensure proper oscillation at 16MHz.
Digital Multi-meter: The digital multi-meter basically VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
measures voltage, resistance, continuity, current, frequency, Conclusion
temperature and transistor . The process of The project which is the design and construction of a
implementation of the design on the board required the GSM home security system was designed considering some
measurement of parameters like, voltage, continuity, current factors such as economic application, design economy,
and resistance values of the components and in some cases availability of components and research materials,
frequency measurement. The digital multimeter was used to efficiency, compatibility and portability and also durability.
check the output of the voltage regulators used in this The performance of the project after test met design
project. specifications. However, the general operation of the project
and performance is dependent on the user who is prone to
V. DISCUSSION OF RESULT human error such as entering wrong voice control.
1. How Voice Command works via the Android Also, the operation is dependent on how well the
Application soldering is done, and the positioning of the components on
The Bluetooth module will serve as a wireless link the printed circuit board. If poor soldering lead is used the
between the android app and the microcontroller. The circuit might form dry joint early and in that case the project
android app will have an interface whereby you can speak might fail. Also if logic elements are soldered near
out the keyword for the door. If the keyword matches with components that radiate heat, overheating might occur and
the registered keyword, the android app sends a signal to the affect the performance of the entire system. Other factors
Bluetooth module embedded on the device, which also send that might affect performance include transportation,
a signal to the microcontroller to open the door. If the packaging, ventilation, quality of components, handling and
keyword does not match, the device will sound an alarm to usage.
alert the property owners by calling them. The construction was done in such a way that it makes
2. How SMS Verification Works via the GSM maintenance and repairs an easy task and affordable for the
Module user should there be any system breakdown. The design of
The GSM module will serve as a link between the the GSM home security system involved research in both
microcontroller and the mobile phone. Through the help of digital and microelectronics.
the GSM module, the system will be capable enough to Recommendations
allow the user to instruct the door via SMS from a registered For the purpose of the future research, the project work
phone number to open the door. On detection of intrusion, can be improved upon. The following areas were
the system allows automatic generation of SMS thus alerting highlighted for this purpose.
the property owners. The whole circuitry can be reduced by making use of
The motor driver is to drive the DC Motor. An H-bridge integrated circuit with higher scale of integration.
motor driver will be used, so that the motor can go A higher scale integrated circuit can be used so that other
clockwise and anti-clockwise; thereby opening and closing means of authentication could be used to cut across to the
the door. less privileged in the society (e. g. visually impaired
individual). There can be replacement of android app with
3. Android Application Raspberry Pi for better voice decoding technique.
An android App is a software designed to run on an
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