BIOLOGY UNIT

KOLEJ MATRIKULASI MELAKA TOTAL MARKS:

BIOBOOSTER 43
SEMESTER 2 SESSION 2022/2023
CHAPTER 3 -7

NAME:____________________________________ TUTORIAL GROUP:_________

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. FIGURE 1(a) shows a population of rabbits living in a rocky environment. In an

environment surrounded with black and white rocks, the black fur and white fur rabbits
could easily camouflage themselves from the predators. The grey rabbits therefore
would be seen by predators and that phenotype would become lower in frequency.

Black White Grey

FIGURE 1(a)
(i) Based on the information above, draw suitable curve in FIGURE 1(b) to illustrates the
size of the rabbit population as a result of natural selection that occur in their
environment.
[2 marks]

Population
Size

Phenotypes

FIGURE 1(b)
(ii) What is the type of natural selection that you draw in FIGURE 1(b)? [1 mark]
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 (iii) Gives one similarity and two differences between the founder effect and bottleneck
effect. [3 marks]
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2. (a) FIGURE 2(a) shows a model for enzyme action mechanism.

Substrate Product

Enzyme
FIGURE 2(a)
Explain the enzyme action based on the mechanism shown in FIGURE 2(a).
[3 marks]
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(b) FIGURE 2(b) shows three different enzyme reaction, P and Q represent two types of
inhibitor.

Rate of reaction

Substrate concentration
FIGURE 2(b)
(i) Name inhibitors P and Q. [1 mark]

P : _______________________________________________________________

Q : _______________________________________________________________

(ii) Malonate is an inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. How would you
determine whether malonate is a competitive or non-competitive inhibitor?
[2 marks]
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3. (a) FIGURE 3(a) shows a schematic diagram of cellular respiration.

Glucose

ADP ATP Phase 1

ADP ATP Phase 2

Pyruvate

FIGURE 3(a)
(i) Name Phase 1. [1 mark]
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(ii) Describe how ATP is produced at Phase 2. [2 marks]
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(b) FIGURE 3(b) shows pathway P and cycle Q in aerobic respiration.

Cycle Q

FIGURE 3(b)

(i) Name pathway P and cycle Q. [2 marks]

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(ii) Describe the significance of NADH and FADH2, production in cycle Q?

[2 marks]
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(c) FIGURE 3(c) shows the components of the last stage of aerobic respiration in the
inner membrane of mitochondria.
Y
X

FIGURE 3(c)

(i) Name the stage shown in FIGURE 3(c). [1 mark]

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(ii) Explain how ATP is synthesized at Y? [2 marks]

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(iii) Electron transport chain is completed when molecule R is reduced to molecule S.

What is the importance of molecule R. [1 mark]
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(iv) Name TWO products of the process in FIGURE 3(c)? [2 marks]

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4. (a) FIGURE 4 below shows a schematic diagram of electron flow in light dependent
reaction.

Photosystem X Photosystem Y
FIGURE 4

(i) Name the reaction that replaces the loss of electron in A? [1 mark]
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(ii) What is the form of energy represented by C? Briefly describe how C is

produced? [3 marks]

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(iii) What is the role of the substance that is used to generate D?

[1 mark]
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(b) Explain the mechanism how CAM plant overcome photorespiration. [4 marks]
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5. (a) FIGURE 5(a) shows the oxygen dissociation curve of respiratory pigment R
and pigment S.

FIGURE 5(a)
(i) Name pigment R and pigment S. [2 marks]

R : _______________________________________________________

S : _______________________________________________________

(ii) Name the tissue where pigment R can be found.

[1 mark]
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(iii) What is the difference between the oxygen dissociation curve for pigment R
and S. [1 mark]
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(b) FIGURE 5(b) shows the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin, P and Q.

FIGURE 5(b)

(i) Based on FIGURE 5(b), calculate the amount of oxygen being used by tissues for
oxygen dissociation curves of P and Q at 30 mm Hg partial pressure of oxygen.
[2 marks]
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(ii) Explain how strenuous exercises can affect the oxygen dissociation curves and the
oxygen supply to body tissues.
[3 marks]
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 BIOLOGY UNIT
KOLEJ MATRIKULASI MELAKA TOTAL MARKS:
BIOBOOSTER 37
SEMESTER 2 SESSION 2022/2023
CHAPTER 8 - 11
NAME:____________________________________ TUTORIAL GROUP:_________

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. (a) FIGURE 1(a) shows a structure of a human heart. The arrow shows the contraction
of the heart chamber.

FIGURE 1(a)

(i) Give TWO differences between blood flowing out of B and C. [2 marks]
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(ii) Explain what happen to valve in the heart after the stage shown in Figure 1(a)
[1 mark]
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(b) FIGURE 1(b) shows the ECG in human heart.

FIGURE 1(b)
 (i) Which step shown in FIGURE 1(b) that leads to “dub” sound in the heart.

[1 mark]
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(ii) How ECG wave is affected when the blood pH decrease?

[1 mark]
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(c) In translocation process, explain how sink cell is always has low concentration of
sucrose compare to source cell. [2 marks]

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2. FIGURE 2 shows a part of human nephron.

FIGURE 2

(a) Name cell X, cell Y and structure Z. [3 marks]

X: ____________________________________________________________

Y: ____________________________________________________________

Z: ____________________________________________________________
 (b) Cell Y is not tightly arranged. Explain how this arrangement facilitate the
transportation of substances from structure Z into Bowman’s capsule.
[2 marks]
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(c) Alcohol consumption will make the collecting duct less permeable to water
which will affect kidney output. Explain briefly this condition. [2 marks]
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3. a) FIGURE 3(a) shows a sarcomere of humans skeletal muscle.

FIGURE 3(a)
i) Identify structure R [1 mark]
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ii) Name the structure on P that will interact with R [1 mark]

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iii) Are the muscles above contracting? Explain your answer. [3 marks]
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b) FIGURE 3(b) shows a type of hormonal action.

FIGURE 3(b)

i) Name the mechanism of hormone A and give ONE reasons of your

answer. [2 marks]
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ii) Compare the mechanism of hormone action between hormone A and

oestrogen? [ 2 marks]

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iii) What happen to molecule E if molecule D is absent?

[1 mark]

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 c) FIGURE 3(c) shows the response of a flowering plant to different photoperiods.
Shaded bars indicate periods of darkness and unshaded bars indicate periods of
light.

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

Flowering

Non flowering

FIGURE 3(c)
i) State the type of plant above. Explain your answer.
[2 marks]
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ii) What flowering response in c (i), when the dark period is interrupted with a
flash of red light? Explain your answer [2 marks]
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4. FIGURE 4 shows part of mechanism of an immune response.

FIGURE 4
(a) Name cell Q and structure R. [2 marks]
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(b) (i) Name the main class of antibody secreted by cell Q when a person is
exposed to a pathogen for the first time. [1 mark]

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(ii) Give ONE advantage of the antibodies produced after second infection
of the same pathogen in immune response S. [1 mark]
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(c) Substance X is secreted by macrophage to trigger the immune response. Name
substance X and explain how substance X trigger immune response T.
[3 marks]
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(d) (i) The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is retrovirus that infect
cells of the human immune system. Which cell does HIV attack?
[1 mark]
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(ii) Suggest why HIV still can persists in human body even though after
immune response is triggered towards HIV. [1 mark]
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