RAPAT-3 2024/2025

Question 1: Recombinant DNA Technology

a) FIGURE 1 shows the process of gene cloning.

FIGURE 1

i. What is the type of enzyme A and B? [1 mark]

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ii. Identify process P and name the enzyme involved. [2 marks]

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iii. Explain the characteristic of the bacterium that is commonly used as a host cell in gene
cloning. [2 mark]
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(b) Human insulin mass production used recombinant DNA technology with application of cDNA
inserted into cloning vector as shown in FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

i. State the process to synthesis cDNA shown in FIGURE 2 and name the enzyme
required. [2 marks]
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 RAPAT-3 2024/2025

ii. If the gene of interest were inserted between ampicillin gene in the plasmid and the
recombinant DNA is then transformed into host cell. Will the host cell survive in a
medium containing ampicillin? Explain briefly. [2 marks]
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c) Explain the annealing steps in PCR to amplifying DNA. [4 marks]

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Essay:

Explain the blue and white screening in selecting recombinant plasmids. [9 marks]

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Question 2: Reproduction and development

a) The FIGURE 3 below shows hormonal control during spermatogenesis in human males.

FIGURE 3
 RAPAT-3 2024/2025

i. Name the structure A and B indicated in the diagram. [2 marks]

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ii. Name the following hormones D, E, F and explain the functions of each hormone.
[6 marks]

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ii. What is mechanism X? [1 mark]

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b) FIGURE 4 shows the cross section of a human ovary.

FIGURE 4

i. State the chromosome number in A. [1 mark]

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ii. What would happen to D if fertilization does not occur? [1 mark]

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iii. Explain the first stage that enable sperm to fertilize C. [3 marks]
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 RAPAT-3 2024/2025

c) FIGURE 5 shows the changes in the relative proportions of different parts of the body of human
male during growth from fetus to an adult.

FIGURE 5

i. Compare the relative sizes of head of 2 months fetus with an adult of twenty-five years.
[1 mark]
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ii. Briefly explain one reason for your answer in (i).

[1 mark]
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Essay:

Explain the follicular phase of the female ovarian cycle with its hormonal control.
[8 marks]
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