This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: G95 − 07 (Reapproved 2013)

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Standard Test Method for
Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached
Cell Method)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G95; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This test method covers accelerated procedures for 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of G8 Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coat-
coating systems applied to steep pipe exterior for the purpose ings
of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in G12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film
underground service where the pipe will be in contact with Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel (Withdrawn
natural soils and will receive cathodic protection. They are 2013)4
intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from G42 Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline
commercial production and are applicable to such samples Coatings Subjected to Elevated Temperatures
when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical G62 Test Methods for Holiday Detection in Pipeline Coat-
barrier. ings
G80 Test Method for Specific Cathodic Disbonding of Pipe-
1.2 This test method is intended to facilitate testing of
line Coatings (Withdrawn 2013)4
coatings where the test cell is cemented to the surface of the
coated pipe specimen. This is appropriate when it is impracti- 3. Summary of Test Method
cal to submerge or immerse the test specimen as required by 3.1 The test method described subjects the coating on the
Test Methods G8, G42, or G80. Coating sample configuration test specimen to electrical stress in a highly conductive alkaline
such as flat plate and small diameter pipe may be used, electrolyte. Electrical stress is obtained from an impressed
provided that the test procedure remains unchanged.2 direct-current system. An intentional holiday is to be made in
1.3 This test method allows options that must be identified the coating prior to starting of test.
in the report. 3.1.1 Electrical instrumentation is provided for measuring
the current and the potential throughout the test cycle. At the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
conclusion of the test period, the test specimen is physically
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
examined.
only.
3.1.2 Physical examination is conducted by comparing the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the extent of loosened or disbonded coating at the intentional
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the holiday in the immersed area with extent of loosened or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- disbonded coating at a reference holiday made in the coating in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- an area that was not immersed.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during
1
transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
3
Subcommittee D01.48 on Durability of Pipeline Coating and Linings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as G95 – 07. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/G0095-07R13. the ASTM website.
2 4
For other cathodic disbondment testing procedures, consult Test Methods G8, The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
G42, and G80. www.astm.org.

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 G95 − 07 (2013)

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coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since, after 4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the
a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth result of cathodic disbondment.
will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective
4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a
electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause
comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is not
loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Sponta-
necessarily an adverse indication of coating performance. The
neous holidays may also be caused by such potentials. This test
virtue of this test method is that all dielectric-type coatings now
method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic disbond-
in common use will disbond to some degree, thus providing a
ment to occur and provides a measure of resistance of coatings
means of comparing one coating to another.
to this type of action.
4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical 4.5 The current density appearing in this test method is
examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test much greater than that usually required for cathodic protection
specimen. Usually there is no correlation between the two in natural environments.
methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant.
Physical examination consists of assessing the effective contact 5. Apparatus
of the coating with the metal surface in terms of observed 5.1 Test Vessel—A transparent plastic or glass tube that is
differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is usually found centered over the intentional holiday and sealed to the test
that the cathodically disbonded area propagates from an area sample surface with a waterproof sealing material. The cylin-
where adhesion is zero to an area where adhesion reaches the der is to be 101.6 mm (4.0 in. nominal diameter) and of
original level. An intermediate zone of decreased adhesion may sufficient height to contain 127.0 mm (5.0 in.) of electrolyte.
also be present. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 apply to this entire section.
4.3 Assumptions associated with test results include: NOTE 1—Size of vessel shall remain unchanged. Sealing procedure
4.3.1 Maximum adhesion, or bond, is found in the coating must be altered to accommodate specimen having a diameter less than
that was not immersed in the test liquid, and 101.60 mm (4 in.).

FIG. 1 Typical Test Set Up

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 G95 − 07 (2013)

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5.8 Direct-Current Power Supply—Capable of supplying
low-ripple voltage at 3.0, 60.01, V, as measured between the
test specimen and reference electrode.
5.9 Precision Wire-Wound Resistor—1 Ω,61 %, 1-W (mini-
mum) to be used in the test cell circuit as a shunt for measuring
current.
5.10 Thickness Gage—For measuring coating thickness in
accordance with Test Method G12.
5.11 Holiday Detector—For locating holidays in the coating
of the test specimen in accordance with Test Methods G62.
5.12 Connections—Wiring from current source to the speci-
men shall be by either soldering, brazing, or bolting to the
non-immersed area of the specimen. A junction in the connec-
tion wire is not desirable but, if necessary, may be made by
means of a bolted pair of terminal lugs, soldering or mechani-
cally crimping to clean wire ends.
5.13 Additional Connecting Wires—If additional wiring is
necessary, it shall be stranded, insulated copper and not less
than 1.75 mm (0.069 in. -14 gage) diameter.
5.14 Holiday Tools—A drill and a suitable drill bit that will
accomplish drilling of test hole, as described under 8.2. A
sharp-pointed knife, with a safe handle is required for use in
making physical examination.
FIG. 2 Anode Assembly
6. Reagent and Materials
6.1 The electrolyte shall consist of distilled or deionized
water with the addition of 3 mass % of technical grade sodium
5.2 Filter Tube—Anode assembly shall be constructed uti-
chloride. Use freshly prepared solution for each test.
lizing an immersion tube with fritted disk. Length of the tube
will be 180 mm (7 in.) and 8 mm (0.315 in.) in diameter. The
fritted-disk section shall be 30 mm (1.18 in.) in diameter with 7. Test Specimen
a pore size of 10 to 15 µm. 7.1 During the coating operation, the applicator may be
5.3 Impressed-Current Anode—Anode shall be of the plati- directed to cut a section of coated pipe of sufficient length for
num wire type, 0.51 mm (0.020 in.) - 24 gage diameter. It shall laboratory evaluation of the coating. Precautions are to be
be of sufficient length to extend outside the confines of the test taken when cutting the pipe so that spatter will not harm the
cell and shall be connected to the wire from the power source coating where testing will be done. Wet rags shall be placed on
with a bolted or compression fitting. each side of the torch-cut area to minimize thermal changes
and spatter damage to the coating. Test sample shall be taken
5.4 Anode Assembly—Anode shall be suspended inside the at least 76.2 mm (3 in.) from any torch-cut edge. Special
test vessel so that the tip of the anode assembly closest to the precautions are to be taken so that coating is not damaged in
holiday is 25.4 mm (1 in.) above, and the edge of the anode handling, transporting, or further cutting. The test specimens
assembly is 12.7 mm (1⁄2 in.) offset from the holiday. may be a cut coupon, flat plate, or a ring specimen. The test
5.5 Reference Electrode—Saturated Cu-CuSO4 of conven- may also be performed on an actual inservice pipeline, or any
tional glass or plastic tube with porous plug construction, other appropriate coated surface.
preferably not over 19.05 mm (0.750 in.) in diameter, having a
potential of − 0.316 V with respect to the standard hydrogen 8. Procedure
electrode. A saturated calomel electrode may be used, but 8.1 Verify the coating integrity in the area to be tested in
measurements made with it shall be converted to the Cu- accordance with Test Methods G62. Discard specimen found to
CuSO4 reference for reporting by adding −0.072 V to the contain holidays. Measure and record the maximum and
observed reading. minimum coating thickness measured in the area subjected to
5.6 Reference Electrode Placement— Submerge the tip of test in accordance with Test Method G12.
the reference electrode 25.4 mm (1 in.) into the electrolyte. 8.2 One intentional holiday shall be made in each specimen
5.7 High-Impedence Multimeter—For making direct-current to be tested. The holiday shall be drilled so that the angular
and voltage measurements. Multimeter must have an internal cone point of the drill will fully enter the steel where the
resistance of not less than 10 M Ω and be capable of measuring cylindrical portion of the drill meets the steel surface. The drill
current as low as 1 mA, and voltage up to 10 V. shall be 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) in diameter.

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8.3 Electrical connection is then made to the test specimen, 9.4 Attempt to lift the coating at both the reference holiday
(see 5.12). and the intentional holiday with the point of a sharp, thin-
8.4 Attach the test cylinder to the test specimen, (see 5.1). bladed knife. Use the bond at the reference holiday as a
Take care to ensure that the cylinder satisfactorily fits the reference for judging the quality of the bond at the intentional
curvature of the pipe sample and that it is centered over the holiday. Measure and record the total area of disbonded coating
intentional holiday. at the intentional holiday.

8.5 Add the electrolyte solution to the specified level in the 10. Report
test cylinder. Record the pH of the solution. Check the level of 10.1 The report of results shall include the following.
the electrolyte each day and maintain by adding distilled or 10.1.1 Complete identification of the test specimen, includ-
deionized water. ing:
8.6 Place the fritted glass filter tube into the electrolyte 10.1.1.1 Name and code number of the coating,
solution as described in 5.4. Support the fritted glass filter tube. 10.1.1.2 Size and wall thickness of pipe,
10.1.1.3 Applicator, production date, and production run
8.7 Insert the platinum anode into the fritted glass tube, number of coating,
down to within 5 mm (2 in.) of the bottom. 10.1.1.4 Minimum-maximum coating thickness, average
8.8 Attach the positive lead of the current source to the thickness, and the thickness at the holiday,
platinum anode and the negative lead to the cathode (pipe). A 10.1.1.5 Size of initial holidays,
potential of 3 V DC with respect to a copper-copper sulphate 10.1.1.6 Dates of starting and termination of test,
reference electrode is to be impressed across the test cell. 10.1.1.7 Cell diameter and depth of electrolyte,
10.1.1.8 Salt composition and concentration,
8.9 Conduct the test at a room temperature of 21 to 25°C (70 10.1.1.9 Cell voltage,
to 77°F). Tests to be run for a period of 90 days. 10.1.1.10 Length of test period, and
8.10 At least twice each week, place a reference CuSO4 10.1.1.11 Other data that may be pertinent.
electrode in the electrolyte between the anode and the holiday. 10.2 Report the test results by measuring the total area of
Read the voltage and adjust the power supply output, if disbondment by planimeter, square counting, or other precise
required, so that a negative 3 V DC potential is maintained method. Subtract the initial holiday area and calculate an
between the reference electrode and the test sample. equivalent circle diameter.5
9. Examination 11. Precision and Bias
9.1 At the end of the 90 day test period, disassemble the cell 11.1 Precision—For between-laboratory testing data is
and rinse the test area with warm tap water. Immediately wipe within 625 % of the mean for represented samples. Samples
the sample dry and visually examine the entire test area for any were taken from one length of production run coated 16 in.
evidence of unintentional holidays and loosening of coating at pipe.
the edge of all holidays, including the intentional holiday, and 11.2 Bias—No statement of bias is made since samples were
record coating condition, for example, color, blisters, cracking, all obtained from one length of pipe and all participating
crazing, adhering deposits, etc. laboratories utilized equipment and procedures as outlined in
9.2 Drill a new reference holiday in the coating in an area this test method.
that was not immersed. Follow the same drilling procedure as 12. Keywords
described in 8.2.
12.1 anode; attached cell; cathodic; disbondment; electrical
9.3 Make radial 45° cuts through the coating intersecting at stress; electrolyte; salt bridge
the center of both the intentional holiday and the reference
holiday with a sharp, thin-bladed knife. Take care to ensure that 5
Equivalent circle diameter is calculated by ECD = (A/0.785) ⁄ , where A = area
12

coating is cut completely through to the steel substrate. corrected for holiday area.

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