SSC - CHSL

la;qä mPprj ek/;fed Lrj

deZpkjh p;u vk;ksx

Hkkx & 1

अंग्रेजी
 SSC - CHSL
ENGLISH
1. Parts of Speech
 Noun 1

 Pronoun 10

 Adjective 15

 Adverb 24

 Verb 39

 Conjunction 57

 Preposition 66
2. Subject Verb Agreement 96
3. Articles 103
4. Tense 108
5. Conditional Sentences 114
6. Narration 118

7. Voice 132

8. Comprehension
 Spotting Error 141

 Sentence Improvements 152

 Unseen Passage 172

  Fillers 196

 Cloze Test 213

 Jumbles Sentence/Rearrangement 239

9. Vocabulary

 Antonyms and Synonyms

{{

 One Word Substitution

 Idioms & Phrases

 Phrasal Verbs

 Homonyms

 Spelling Test
fn, x, QR Code dks LdSu djds VkWilZuksV~l vpholZ ,si
MkmuyksM djsa ,oa bl ,sIk ds ek/;e ls fdrkc esa fn;s x, QR
Codes dks LdSu djds fo”k; laca/kh vfrfjDr tkudkjh izkIr dj
ldrs gS A
 SSC CHSL- English
अंग्रेजी भाषा िें प्रश्न का स्तर सािान्यतया Easy to Moderate होता है । Subject Verb
Agreement, Antonyms-Synonyms, Cloze Passage आणि से अणिकति प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं ।

यहााँ णपछले कुछ वषों का परीक्षा पेपर णवश्लेषि णिम्न है :

Topics No of Questions
Unseen Passage 0-5
Fill in the blanks 2-3
Cloze test 5
Sentence Improvements 2-3
Sentence Re-arrangement 2-3
Direct-Indirect Speech 1-2
Active & Passive Voice 1-2
Spotting Error 2-3
Synonyms & Antonyms 4
One Word Substitution 2-3
Idioms & Phrases 2-3
Phrasal Verb 0-2
Homonyms 0-2
Spelling Correction 2-3
Maximum Questions 25
 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
 fdlh Hkh Sentence eas Subject ds Number rFkk Person ds vuqlkj Verb dk iz;ksx
Subject-verb Agreement dgykrk gS A
 Verb ,oa Noun ds chp varj%&
Noun + s/es → Plural Noun
Verb + s/es → Singular verb

Rules of Subject Verb Agreement

 nks subject dks ‘And’ ls tksMk tk, rks verb-Plural gksrh gS A
E.g.:- Hari and Sohan are playing.
 ;fn nks vyx&vyx Noun ,d gh O;fDRk@oLrq dks iznf’kZr djsa rks Singular verb gksrh gS A
E.g.:- The poet and painter had died.
The clerk and counselor was present in the meeting.
 dqN okD; ,sls gksrs gS ftuesa Singular subject gksrs gq, Hkh Plural verb dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
gS] tc okD; esa ^dYiuk* dk Hkko ;k izk;% vlEHko ‘krZ dk Hkko iznf’kZr gksrk gS tSls &
(a) I wish I were the Prime (b) I wish I were a bird.
Minister.
(c) Were he a king! (d) Were she an eagle, she
would fly to me.
(e) She ordered as if she were (f) If I were you, I would kill him.
my mother
 nks Noun, tks ;|fi lekukFkZd ugha gS] ysfdu ,d Phrase dh rjg iz;qDr gksrh gS rks Hkh
Verb-Singular yxrh gS A Actually ;s nksuksa Noun ,d gh idea dks O;Dr djrh gSa A
tSls &
(a) Bread and butter is a good breakfast.
(b) Slow and steady wins the race.
 tc nks ;k nks ls vf/kd Singular noun’ or; Either… or, Neither …nor ls tksMs x, gks
rks Verb-Singular yxrh gS A tSls &
(a) No man or woman was present there.
(b) Either Sita or Ram was present in the party.
(c) Neither he nor she is responsible for this loss.
 tc nks ;k nks ls vf/kd subjects; Either… or; Neither …nor, Or ls tksMs x, gks rFkk
Different persons ds gks rks verb vius ikl okys Person ds vuqlkj gh yxrh gS A
tSls &
(a) Either you or I am to go there.
(b) Neither he nor you are to attend them.

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 tc nks ;k nks ls vf/kd nouns vyx&vyx Number ds gks ¼vFkkZr~ dksbZ Plural gks] dksbZ
Singular gks½ rks Plural number okyk Noun gh verb ds lkFk yxkuk pkfg, ,oa Verb
Hkh Plural gh yxrh gS A
tSls &
(a) Neither the Principal nor the teachers were present in the function.
(b) Either Ramesh or his friends have stolen the watch.
 tc ,d Collective noun tSls & Committee, Army, Crowd, Mob, Society, Assembly
Parliament, Council, Crew, Staff, Jury, Fleet, Majority bl rjg ls iz;qDr gksrh gS]
tSls ,d Unit ¼bdkbZ½ esa gks rks verb singular yxrh gS A
tSls &
(a) The Parliament has passed the bill.
(b) Army was deployed at the border.
(c) The fleet has reached the port.
uksV & ysfdu ;fn Collective noun, divided izrhr gksrh gS ;k foykse lnL;ksa esa ,der ugha
gks rks Plural verb yxkbZ tkrh gS A
(a) The committee are divided over the proposal.
(b) The jury are divided in opinion.
 ;fn noun tks ns[kus esa Plural yxrs gS ysfdu vFkZ esa Singular gksrs gS] ,sls Noun ds
lkFk Verb Singular yxrh gS A ,sls Nouns fuEufyf[kr gS &
Physics, Mathematics, Economics, News, Gallows, Billiards, Innings, Wages,
Alms etc.
(a) No news is good news. (b) Physics/Economics/Math is a good
subject.
(c) Billiards is a game. (d) First innings was spoiled due to rain.
 ;fn noun tks ns[kus esa Singular yxrs gS ysfdu vFkZ esa Plural gksrs gS muds lkFk Verb
Hkh Plural gh yxrh gS A ,sls Nouns fuEufyf[kr gS &
Dozen, Hundred, Million, Cattle, People, Score, Thousand, Gentry,
Peasantry, Company, Alphabet, Progeny, Offspring, Clergy, Infantry etc.
E.g.
(a) The cattle are grazing in the field.
(b) Not less than a dozen were injured.
(c) The people were fully satisfied.

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 tc nks Subject, Not only … but also ds lkFk tqMs gks rks Verb vius ikl okys
Subject ds vuqlkj yxkbZ tkrh gS A
tSls &
(a) Not only the principal but also the teachers were playing the match.
(b) Not only the students but also the class teacher was also involved in the
discussion.
 tc ,d Subject ds lkFk beside, as well as, and not, in addition to, like, with,
together with tSls tksMus okys Conjuctions ls vU; Subject ;k dksbZ ‘kCn tqMs gq,
gks rks Verb okD; esa igys vkus okys Subject ds vuqlkj yxkbZ tkrh gS A
tSls &
(a) Ram and not his friends was present there.
(b) The house with all its belongings was sold.
(c) The President as well as the members has come.
 tc fdlh okD; esa Other & Another ds ckn dksbZ Noun vk, rks /;ku j[ks other ds
ckn Plural Noun ,oa Plural Verb yxrh gS rFkk Another ds ckn Singular Noun
,oa Singular verb dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A
tSls &
(a) There are so many other hotels better than this.
(b) There is another hotel near the Railway station.
 The Poor, The rich, The disabled, The young, The old, The English, The French
bR;kfn ‘kCn iwjh class dks O;DRk djrs gS A buds lkFk Plural verb dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
gS A
tSls &
(a) The poor are trustworthy.
(b) The rich are generally unkind to the poor.
 lkekU;r% All ,oa Some ds lkFk ;fn Countable noun vkrk gS rks og Noun Hkh
Plural gksxk ,oa verb Hkh Plural yxkbZ tk,xh ysfdu ;fn All ds lkFk dksbZ
Uncountable noun vkrk gS rks verb & Singular yxrh gS A
tSls &
(a) All the tigers are wild animals.
(b) All the money was taken away by the thief.
(c) Some animals are faithful.
(d) Some milk is needed.

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 Most of + Countable noun(plural) ds lkFk verb (plural) iz;ksx gksrk gS A
Most of + Uncountable noun ds lkFk verb (singular) iz;ksx gksrk gS A
tSls &
(a) Most of the persons are dishonest.
(b) Most of apples are rotten.
(c) Most of the milk was impure
(d) Most of the sugar was wet with water.
 Half of + countable noun (plural) gks rks verb (plural) gksxh A
Half of + uncountable noun gks rks verb (singular) gksxh A
tSls &
(a) About half of the students were present there.
(b) He said that half of the hostlers were absent.
(c) Half of the milk was spoiled.
(d) Half of the land was cultivated and half was uncultivable.
 dqN nouns tSls Furniture, Luggage, Information, advice, work, knowledge,
equipment, behavior, scenery, traffic, fruit, electricity, music, progress,
weather, nonsense, sense bR;kfn A Uncountable noun gS A buds lkFk ges’kk
Singular verb dk iz;ksx gksrk gS A
tSls &
(a) Work is worship. (b) Knowledge is power.
(c) His behavior was not proper. (d) His advice in the matter is
trustworthy.
(e) The scenery of Kashmir is
indeed beautiful.
 The following ,oa The undersigned dk iz;ksx ;fn Singular subject ds fy, gqvk gks
rks Verb-Singular gksxh] vU;Fkk Verb-Plural dk iz;ksx gksxk A
tSls &
(a) The following are the new prices of the items.
(b) Undersigned has taken a decision. S.K. jain
(c) We, The undersigned request the pleasure of your company, S.K jain and
P.K. jain
(d) The following is the summary of the discussions held in the meeting.

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  dbZ okD;ksa esa Singular noun dk Repetition, preposition ds ckn gksrk gS] ,sls okD;ksa esa
Singular Verb yxrh gS A
tSls &
(a) Man after man was coming there.
(b) Ship after ship is arriving regularly.
 dqN nouns tks fn[kus esa Hkh Plural yxrh gS rFkk nks Hkkxksa esa cuh gksrh gS A tSls & Scissors,
pants, trousers, binoculars, tongs, spectacles, shorts, breeches, shoes, scales,
glasses, goggles bR;kfn A buds lkFk Plural verb dk iz;ksx gksrk gS A
tSls &
(a) My shoes are new.
(b) Her spectacles are beautiful.
(c) The scissors are blunt.
 More than one + noun gks rks verb (singular) dk iz;ksx gksrk gS A
tSls &
(a) More than one worker was absent.
(b) More than one student was killed.
 Structure - noun + preposition + noun ,sls okD;ksa esa verb, preposition ls igys vkus
okys noun ds vuqlkj yxrh gS A
tSls &
(a) The quality of these goods is well known.
(b) Financial help from all the countries was received.
(c) The colour of this shirt is liked by all.
 tc okD; esa fuEu phrases dk iz;ksx gksrk gS A tSls & a number of, lots of, a lot of,
plenty of, a quarter, parts of, percent of, proportion, none of, remainder of, two-
third, most of, some of, majority of, much of, many of, a good deal of, a great
deal of, heaps of bR;kfn gks rks verb, of ds ckn vkus okys noun ds vuqlkj yxkbZ tkrh
gS A ;fn of ds ckn vkus okyk noun plural gS rks verb Hkh plural yxsxh A
tSls &
(a) Plenty of sugar is required.
(b) Plenty of chairs have been purchased.
(c) A lot of books were destroyed in fire.
(d) A lot of milk was sent there.

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 The number of + singular verb [The number dk vFkZ gksrk gS ^cgqr* ¼many½] rFkk
A number of + plural verb dk iz;ksx gksrk gS A
tSls &
(a) The number of students opted English in Administrative Services is generally
small.
(b) The number of candidate appeared in SSC this year was very large.
(c) A number of English books are available in library.
(d) There were a number of students waiting for their turn.
 ;fn fdlh okD; dk Subject, dksbZ Relative pronoun tSls - who, which, that gks] rks
verb, bl Relative Pronoun ds Antecedent ds vuqlkj yxrh gS A ¼Antecedent dk
vFkZ igys vkus okyk gksrk gS A½
tSls &
(a) It is I who have telephoned you.
(b) It is he who is responsible for this loss.
(c) The book that is here is mine.
(d) The books that are here are mine.
 ;fn nks Singular nouns ds igys ^No* dk iz;ksx gks rks Singular verb dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
gS A tSls &
(a) No boy and no girl was present in the party.
(b) No man and no woman was swimming at that time.
 tc vadxf.krh; figures, and ls tksMs tkrs gS] rks Singular verb Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj plural
verb Hkh gks ldrh gS A
tSls &
(a) Four and four is eight.
(b) Four and four are eight.
 Everyone, Everybody, Nobody, Somebody, No one, Each one, Someone ds lkFk
singular verb yxsxh
tSls &
(a) Everyone was happy to get this news.
(b) Somebody is coming here.
(c) Each one was given a gift.
 Each of, Either of, Neither of + Noun (plural) gks rks verb (singular) vk,xh A
tSls &
(a) Each of the students was given a gift.
(b) Either of the magazines is useful.
(c) Neither of the books is cheap.
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 (d) Neither of the girls was beautiful.
 dqN verbs ds ckn ‘as’ vo’; yxrk gS A ;s verbs fuEu gS & regard, describe, represent,
portray, depict, mention, define, treat bR;kfn A
tSls &
(a) You ought to have regarded him as your brother.
(b) He was described by his wife as the most harmless man.
(c) He portrayed him as a typical country farmer.
(d) Someone has defined genius as an infinite capacity for learning.
 dqN verbs ds ckn ‘as’ ugha yxrk gS A ;s verbs fuEu gS & name, call, think, consider,
nominate, appoint bR;kfn A
tSls &
(a) The chairman nominated Hari secretary of the society.
(b) Ram called him a fool, a rogue and a crook.
(c) Ram calls his wife ‘Situ’.
(d) I think him an intelligent man.

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 Conditional Sentences

 tc ,d dk;Z dk gksuk nwljs] dk;Z ds gksus ij fuHkZj djs rc okD; conditional sentence
dgykrk gS A
 Conditional Sentences esa dqN ‘krZlwpd ‘kCn vo’; gh fn[krs gS %&
1. If ………… 2. provided
3. As soon as …….. , No sooner …… than
4. When ……… 5. Unless ….. , Until …..
 Conditional Sentences ds nks Hkkx gksrs gS %&
1. If clause
2. Main clause
tSls & If I come to Jaipur, I will meet you.

If clause Main clause

Conditional Sentence ds izdkj %& ;s eq[;r% fuEufyf[kr izdkj ds gksrs gS&
Conditional If clause verb Main clause verb
Usage
Sentence type tense tense
Zero lkekU;r% lR; dFku Simple present Simple present
laHkkfor fLFkfr ,oa
Type – 1 Simple present Simple future
laHkkfor ifj.kke
,d dkYifud fLFkfr Present
vkSj bldk laHkkfor conditional or
Type – 2 ifj.kke Simple past present
continuous
conditional
vlR; Hkwrdky fLFkfr
Type- 3 vkSj Hkwrdky esa bldk Past perfect Perfect conditional
laHkkfor ifj.kke
vlR; Hkwrdky dh
Present
Mixed type fLFkfr vkSj orZeku esa Past perfect
bldk laHkkfor ifj.kke conditional

1- The zero conditional :- blds vUrxZr lkekU;r% General Truth, Scientific facts vkfn
vkrs gS A tSls %&
If clause Main clause
If + simple Present Simple Present.
If this thing happens That thing happens.
If you heat ice It melts.
If it rains The grass gets wet.

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 Examples :-
 If you heat ice, it melts.
 Ice melts if you heat it.
 When you heat ice, it melts.
 Ice melts when you heat it.
 If it rains, the grass gets wet.
 The grass gets wet if it rains.
 When it rains, the grass gets wet.
 The grass gets wet when it rains.
2- Type-1 conditional %& ,sls Conditional Sentence esa ‘If clause’ Simple present
esa vkSj ‘Main clause’ Simple future esa gksrk gS A
If clause Main clause
If + simple Present Simple Future
If this thing happens That thing will happen.
If you don’t hurry You will miss the train.
If it rains today You will get wet.
Examples:-
 If it rains, you will get wet.
 You will get wet if it rains.
 If sally is late again, I will be mad.
 I will be mad if sally is late again.
 If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.
 You will miss the bus if you don’t hurry.
3- Type-2 conditional %& ,sls okD; ‘Improbability’ O;DRk djrs gS ;kfu ‘If clause’ esa
ftl dk;Z dk mYys[k gS og ugha gqvk gksrk gS A
If clause Main clause
“Present conditional or present continuous
“If + simple Past”
conditional”
If this thing happened That thing would happen. (but I’m not sure
this thing will happen) or That thing would
be happening.
If you went to bed earlier You would not be so tired.
If it rained You would get wet.
If I spoke Italian I would be working in Italy.

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 Examples :-
 If it rained, you would get wet.
 You would get wet if it rained.
 If you went to bed earlier, you wouldn’t be so tired.
 You wouldn’t be so tired if you went to bed earlier.
 If she fell, she would hurt herself.
 She would hurt herself if she fell.
 I would be working in Italy if I spoke Italian. (But I don’t speak Italian, so I am
not working in Italy)
 She wouldn’t be living with Jack if she lived with her parents. (But she is living
with Jack and not with her parents.)
 You wouldn’t be smiling if you knew the truth. (But you are smiling because
you don’t know the truth.)
4- Type-3 conditional %& ,sls okD;ks esa ‘If clause’ esa ftl dk;Z dk mYys[k gksrk gS ml dk;Z
dk u gksuk n’kkZ;k tkrk gS A
If clause Main clause
“If + Past Perfect” “PPerfect conditional or Perfect continuous
conditional”
If this thing had happened That thing would have happened. (but
neither of those things really happened)
or That thing would have been happening.
If you had studied harder You would have passed the exam.
If it had rained You would have gotten wet.
If i had accepted that promotion I would have been working in milan
Examples :-
 If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
 You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
 You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
 If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
 I would have believed you if you hadn’t lied to me before.
 If you hadn’t lied to me before, I would have believed you.

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5- Mixed Type conditional %& ,sls okD; tks Hkwrdky ds fdlh le; dks n’kkZrs gS ftudk
vlj orZeku esa py jgk gS ;k dksbZ fLFkfr vHkh orZeku esa lacaf/kr gS A

If clause Main clause

“If + Past perfect or simple past” “Present conditional or Perfect conditional”
If this thing had happened That thing would happen. (but this thing
didn’t happen so that thing isn’t happening)
If I had worked harder at school I would have a better job now.
If we had looked at the map We wouldn’t be lost.
If you weren’t afraid of spiders You would have picked it up and put it
outside.
Examples :-
 If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job now.
 I would have a better job now if I had worked harder at school.
 If we had looked at the map, we wouldn’t be lost.
 We wouldn’t be lost if we had looked at the map.
 If you had caught that plane, you would be dead now.
 You would be dead now if you had caught that plane.
 dqN vU; conditional okD; %&
(1) If + Subject + were, Subject + Would + V1
Eg. : - if I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
 dkYifud Past ds fy, lHkh Subjects ds lkFk ‘were’ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS A

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 Narration
Narration

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

 Direct Speech :- tc dksbZ Jksrk fdlh oDrk ds dFku dks mlh ds ‘kCnksa esa O;DRk djrk gSa A
tSls & Sweta said, “I am busy.”
 Indirect Speech :- tc dksbZ Jksrk fdlh oDrk ds dFku dks vius ‘kCnks ;k Hkk”kk esa O;DRk
djrk gS A tSls& Sweta said that she was busy.
 Direct speech ds nks Hkkx gksrs gS %&
He said, “I am hungry.”
↓ ↓
(Reporting Verb) (Reported speech)
 ;gk¡ said reporting verb gaS A
 Kinds of Sentences :-
1. Assertive Sentence :- ,sls okD; ftuls gk¡ ;k uk dk cks/k gksrk gS A
Eg:- He is a student. (Yes sense)
I did not go there. (No sense)
2. Interrogative Sentence :- ,sls okD; ftuesa iz’u iwNk tkrk gS A
(a) Yes-No Question
Q: Are you tall?
A:- Yes, I am tall.
(b) Wh- Question :- Wh-word ls ‘kq: gksus okys iz’uokpd okD; A
Eg:- What is your name ?
How are you?
(Wh- word:- what, why, how, where, when etc.)
3. Imperative Sentence :- ,sls okD; ftlesa vkKk] lykg] izkFkZuk vkfn dk cks/k gksrk gS A
Eg:- Bring me a glass of water.
Help the poor.
4. Optative Sentence:- ,ls okD; ftlesa ^bPNk* dk cks/k gksrk gS A
Eg:- May you live long!
May god save the king!
;s okD; lkekU;r% ‘May’ ls LVkVZ gksrs gaSa A
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 5. Exclamatory Sentence :- ,sls okD; ftlesa ekufld Hkkoukvksa tSls & nq%[k] lq[k]
vk’p;Z] lansg] ?k`.kk] iz’kalk vkfn dk cks/k gksrk gS A
Eg:- He said, “Alas! I am ruined.”
He said, “What a nice film it is.”

Direct speech ls Indirect speech esa cnyus ds fu;e %&

(1) Inverted commas o comma gVk fn;s tkrs gS o conjunction ‘That’ dk iz;ksx djrs gaSa A
(2) Reporting verb ;fn Present ;k future tense esa gS rks Reported Speech ds tense
esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha djrs] ;fn Reporting verb ‘past tense’ esa gS rks vkxs fn, fu;e
vuqlkj ifjorZu gkasxs A

(3) Person esa ifjorZu %&

1st person – R.V. ds subject ds vuqlkj
2nd person – R.V. ds object ds vuqlkj
3rd person – No change
Person dk number ,oa case ugha cnyk tkrk gS A Pronoun dk ifjorZu fuEukuqlkj gksrk gS &
Possessive case
Nominative Objective
Persons Possessive Possessive
Case case
Adjective Pronouns
I Me My Mine
First person
We Us Our Ours
Second
You You Your Yours
person
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
Third Person
It It Its 
They Them Their Theirs

(4) Reporting Verb esa fuEu ifjorZu djsa &

Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Say, Says, will say, Say, says, will say, said
said,
Say, says, said + to Tell, tells, told

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(5) Change of tenses :-
 Universal truth, proverb, mathematical fact, historical fact, habitual fact, ;k
morality vkfn dk Hkko gks rks tense esa ifjorZu ugha gksxk A
tSls&
1. He said, “The sun sets in the west.”
He said that the sun sets in the west.
2. He said, “Man is mortal.”
He said that the man is mortal.
3. The teacher said, “India became Republic on 26 January 1950.”
The teacher said that India became Republic on 26 January 1950.
4. She said to me, “Honesty is the best policy.”
She told me that Honesty is the best policy.
5. He said, “London is the capital of U.K.”
He said that London is the capital of U.K.
6. She said, “Two and two is four.”
She said that two and two is four.
7. He said, “Mr. Narendra Modi is the P.M. of India.”
He said that Mr. Narendra Modi is the P.M. of India.
8. He said, “Kashmir is in the north of India.”
He said that Kashmir is in the north of India.
9. He said to me, “I go for a walk daily.”
He told me that he goes for a walk daily. (Habit)
10. Ram said to me, “I get up early in the morning daily.”
Ram told me that he gets up early in the morning daily. (Habit)
11. Radha said to her, “I go to office at 10 o’clock.”
Radha told her, that she goes to office at 10 o’clock.

(6) Change in other part of speech :-

Direct Narration Indirect Narration
1. This That
2. These Those
3. Here There
4. Hence Thence
5. Hither Thither
6. Now Then
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