Retaining Wall Design-Ch

For M25 Concrete and
Fe500
3
4
5
(Qmax should less than Soil bearing pressure),
For computing the passive pressure below the toe the overburden of 300mm is usually neglected
6
9
10
wanter tank+surcharge +C+sep (Reinforced concrete)
Areq Spacing Req Development length
Toe Slab 1100.00 182.69 752.00
Heel slab 750.00 267.95 752.00
Stem 1375.00 146.15 470
Design of Retaining Wall
Parameter Symbol Value Unit
c=σcbc 8.50 N/mm2
t=σst 275.00 N/mm2
m=280/(3*σcbc) 10.98
Kc 0.25
Jc=1-Kc/3 0.92
Rc=0.5*J*K*C 0.99
Given
Height of retaining wall above ground h1 3.77 m
Depth of foundation 0.62 m
Assume foundation depth h2 0.40 m
Cohesion C 13.00 kN/m2
Total depth h 4.17 m
Water table height from foundation level 1.60 m
Height of wall above the water table 2.57 m
Angle of shearing resistance ϕ 30.00 Degree
Inclination of backfill θ 0.00 Degree
Coefficent of friction µ 0.40
Soil bearing capacity qn 100.00 kN/m2
Grade of concrete fck 20.00 Mpa
Grade of steel fy 500.00 MPa
Surcharge pressure ws 17.00 kN/m2
Unit weight of concrete γc 25.00 kN/m3
Unit weight of water γw 9.81 kN/m3
Submerge unit weight of soil γsub 12.50 kN/m3
Dry unit weight of soil γdry 18.00 kN/m3
Equivalent height of earth as surcharge hs 0.94 m
Total equivalent height H 5.11 m
Earth pressure coefficents
Active earth pressure coefficent Ca 0.33
Passive earth pressue coefficent Cp 3.00
Priliminary proportions
Overall depth of retaining wall h 4.17 m
Width of footing B 2.35 m
Width of heel 0.10 m
Thickness of footing base slab 500.00 m
Thickness stem at base 550.00 mm
Thickness stem at top 550.00 mm
Height of steam 3670.00 mm
Lenth of toe of wall 1.70 m
Extra height due to inclination H' 0.00 m
Point where pressure because zero due to (2c√k)/(γk) 2.50 m
earth
Net depth where active pressure lies 1.67
height of water table= 1.60 m

Height of Dry soil= 3.51 m
Lateral Earth Pressure Lateral Earth Pressure Stem Only

Rankine Active Earth Presure Theory σa=
Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2) σa=
ka= 0.33
Zc=
σa= Y*H*Ka-(2*C*(sqrt(Ka))) Zc=
σa= 6.06 Kpa
Zc= 2*C/(Y*(root(Ka)))
2.50 m
Latera Earth Pressure Water Layer

Ysub= Ysat-Yw
Ysub= 12.50 Kn/m^2
Phi= 30° Degree
Rankine Active Earth Presure Theory

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
ka= 0.33
σa= Y*H*Ka-(2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))
σa= -8.34 Kpa
Q(overburden)= Habove x Yabove

Q(overburden)= 63.26 Kpa
Ka*Q(overburden)= 21.07 Kpa
σtop= 21.07 Kpa

σbottom= 12.72 Kpa
Force= 27.03 Kn/m
Lateral Water Pressure Lateral Water Pressure( Stem only)

σw= Yw*Hw σw=
σw= 15.70 Kpa σw=
F 12.56 Kn/m F=
Act at=
Lateral Surcharge Pressure
Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
Ka= 0.333
σsur= Ka*qsur
σsur= 5.66 Kpa
F= 23.61 Kn/m
Lateral Earth Pressure (Passive)

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
Ka= 0.33 Kp= 3.00
σp= Y*H*Ka+(2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))
σp= 66.68 Kpa
Force= 13.3354952360983 Kn/m
Type Forces Distance Moment

Back fill Pressure 27.03 0.73 19.84
Surcharge Pressure 23.61 2.557222222222 60.37
Water pressure 12.56 0.53 6.70
Total 63.19 86.91
Seperator thickness 0.15

Tank width 2.1 Height 1.2
Tank base thickness 0.3 thickness 0.15
Calculate Forces and Moment Acting on the Wall
Type Force (kN) Distance from toMoment (kNm)
Footing (w1) 29.375 1.175 34.516
Rectangle portion of wall (w2) 50.463 1.975 99.663
Triangular portion of wall (w3) 0.000 1.700 0.000
Weight of backfill soil (w4) 8.31 2.300 19.10
Water tank wall 4.50 0.65 2.93
Water tank seperator 7.88 1.30 10.24
Weigth of inclined slope (w5) 0.000 2.233 0.00
W 100.519 Total 166.45
Stability against overturning

Force due to active pressure (per meter)
Due to Water Pa1 12.56
Due to surcharge Pa2 23.61 kN
Due to backfill Pa3 27.03 kN
Toatal active pressure Pa 63.19 kN
Horizontal component Pacosθ 63.19 kN
Vertical component Pasinθ 0.00 kN
Overturnig moment Mo 86.91 kNm
Stabilising moment (about toe) per meter Mr 166.45 kNm
Distance of resultant vertical force from heel xw 1.66 m
Fs ,overturning 0.9Mr/Mo 1.72 Which is all right

Soil pressure at footing base
Resultand vertical reaction R 100.52 kN
Distance of R form toe LR 0.79 m
Ecentricity e 0.38 m
b/6= 0.39 Which is all right
6e/B 0.98
(Qmax should less than Soil bearing pressure), qmax 84.68 kN/m2
qmin 0.87 kN/m2
Stability against sliding
Sliding force Pacosθ 63.19 kN
Passive earth pressure Pp 13.34 kN
Resisting force F 53.54 kN
Lets neglect Passive Earth Pressure, Not Ok
Fs,sliding 0.9F/Pa 0.76 Not Ok
Shear key need to be provided
Required passive pressure Pp,r 40.28 kN
Provide a shear key of size 200 1.95 m
300
the passive pressure below the toe the overburden of 300mm is usually neglected
h1 0.10
h2 1.43 m
Pp 54.62 kN
Fs,sliding 0.9F/Pa 1.54 Which is all right
Down ward Pressure
At toe side 234.00 kN/m2
At hill side 92.06 kN/m2
design of toe slab

downward weight of Slab Per unit area= 12.5 kn/m2
Pressure intensities at end toe= 72.18 kn/m2
Pressire insities at toe and stem face= 10.23 Kn/m2
Deff 440 mm
shear force at joint face of toe and stem 70.05 Kn
C.G Of SF 1.063 m
Bending Moment at joint face of toe and stem 74.46 KN-m

74462092.07713 N-mm
Ast= 672.16 mm2
(100∗𝐴𝑠)/
(𝑏∗𝑑)= 0.15 %
𝑆𝐹/(𝑏∗𝑑)=
Tv= 0.16 n/mm2
from table,Tc= 0.19 N/mm2

for Tc-= 0.23 N/mm2
(100∗𝐴𝑠)/
(𝑏∗𝑑)= 0.25 %
Ast, Provided 1100 mm^2

Provide 16mm dia bar 16 mm
Spacing= 182.69 mm
design of Heel slab
downward weight of Slab Per unit area= 12.5 kn/m2
Pressure intensities at end Heel= 11.63 kn/m2
Pressire insities at Heel and stem face= 7.99 Kn/m2
Deff= 440 mm
shear force at joint face of steem and stem 0.98 Kn
C.G Of SF 0.05 m
Bending Moment at joint face of Heel and stem 0.05 KN-m

52090.99 N-mm
Ast= 0.50 mm2

(100∗𝐴𝑠)/
(𝑏∗𝑑)= 0.000113 %
Provide 16mm dia bar 16 mm

Ast min= 750 mm2
Spacing= 267.95 mm
Tv= 0.00 n/mm2
(100∗𝐴𝑠)/
(𝑏∗𝑑)=
Area required Areq 1122.69 mm2/m

Spacing required 179.09 mm
Development length Ld 752.00 mm
Design of vertical stem
Height of cantilever above base h 3.67 m
Assumw clear cover 50.00 mm
Diameter of bars 16.00 mm
Efffective depth at base 492.00 mm
Force due to active pressure (per meter) Pa 23.05 kN/m
Horizontal component Pacosθ 23.05 kN/m
Bending moment= 38.41 Knm

38411802.01 n-mm
Ast= 310.09 mm2/m
Ast Min= 1375.00 mm2/m

Spacing= 146.15 mm
Distribution of steel= 660.00 mm2
provide 10mm bar 10.00 mm
spacing = 118.94
For this min. Ast

min.%pt 0.25 %
Tc 0.23 n/mm2
Check for shear at base of stem
Critical section is at d 0.49 m
distance from the top of stem Zs 3.18 m
Shear force at critical section 45.45 kN/m
Horizontal component cosθ 45.45 kN/m
Nominal shear stress τv 0.09

Which is All right,
Temperature and Shinkage reinforcement

Ast 660.00
ed concrete)
Bar dia
16.00
use 1.3 Ld 16.00
16.00
sinθ 0
sinϕ 0.5
19.81 cosϕ 0.866025403784439
cosθ 1
tanθ 0
tanϕ 0.577350269189626
0.55 0.000
4.17
3.670
0.5 0.55
0.5
0.1
2.3500
0.5H to 0.7H i.e 2.56 3.58

0.5B 1.18
H/12 0.43
0.1H or H/12 0.51 0.43
Generallly 300mm
With Toe
th Pressure Stem Only

Y*H*Ka-(2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))
6.06 Kpa
2.50 m
Latera Earth Pressure Water Layer Stem Only

Water table height at stem only= 0.1556
Ysub= 12.50 Kn/m^3
σa= -14.36 Kpa
σtop= 21.07 Kpa

σbottom= 6.71 Kpa
Force= 2.16 Kn/m
act at= 0.13 m
er Pressure( Stem only)

Yw*Hw
1.526
0.119 kn/m
0.05 m
at stem
force= 20.77587 kn/m
actingb at= 1.835 m
in H height of inclined portion considered

Mr=∑M
X=∑M/∑W
FOS should >1.4

∑Mo-Mr/∑W
e= B/2-LR
Which is all right

Which is all right
µ∑W
FOS should >1.4

to be provided
distance from toe
FOS should >1.4
63.19
20
NotOk
Which is All right,
1.7 0.5 0.10
84.68
4.51
22.73
58.68
2.73
64.68
SP 16 Table 2
0.5
0.9
62.33
For M25
Concrete and
Fe500
3
4
pressure at the top of submerged layer
4
5
6
9
10
Soil+ Surcharge(Reinforced Co
Areq
Toe Slab 1100.00
Heel slab 750.00
Stem 1375.00

Parameter Symbol
c=σcbc
t=σst
m=280/(3*σcbc)
Kc
Jc=1-Kc/3
Rc=0.5*J*K*C
Given
Height of retaining wall above ground level= h1
required depth of foundation =
Assume foundation depth h2
Cohesion= C
Total depth from top of wall to bottom of footing base slab= h
Water table height from bottom of footing base slab=
Height of top of wall above the water table= H
Angle of shearing resistance= ϕ
Inclination of backfill= θ
Coefficent of friction= µ
Soil bearing capacity= qn
Surcharge pressure= qs
Unit weight of concrete= γc
Unit weight of water= γw
Submerge unit weight of soil= γsub
Dry unit weight of soil= γdry
Equivalent height of earth as surcharge= hs
Total equivalent height=
Active earth pressure coefficent Ka
Passive earth pressue coefficent Kp
Total depth from top of wall to bottom of footing base slab= h
Width of footing= B
Width of heel=
Thickness of footing base slab=
Thickness stem at base=
Thickness stem at top=
Height of steam=
Width of toe of wall=
Extra height due to inclination= H'
Point where pressure becomes Zero Due to Cohesion From Top of
wall=
Net depth where positive active pressure acts, from bottom of footing
base slab=
Water table height from bottom of footing base slab=

Height of dry soil above water table= H
Point where active pressure becomes zero lies above submerged soil. h'
Active Presssure due to cohesion=
Lateral active Pressure due to sur charge=
Calculation for earth pressure
i. Lateral earth pressure due to dry soil
ii.Latera Earth Pressure Water Layer submerged zone
a. Due to Submerged soil
b.Over burden presssure of soil above water table
σtop=
σbottom=
iii.Lateral Water Pressure.
iv.Lateral Earth Pressure (Passive)
Lateral Earth Pressure above submerged soil
ka= 0.33
σa=
σa=
2.89
Latera Earth Pressure Water Layer submerged zone Ysub*H*Ka-(2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))
Ysub= Ysub=Ysat-Yw
Ysub= 12.50
Phi= 30°
Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
ka= 0.33
pressure due to submerged soil
σa= Ysub*H*Ka-(2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))
σa=
pressure due to dry soil

Q(overburden)=
Ka*Q(overburden)=
σtop= -7.89
σbottom= -18.54
Force= -21.14
Lateral Water Pressure

σw= Yw*Hw
σw=
F 12.56

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
Ka= 0.333
σsur= Ka*qsur
σsur= 5.66
F= 23.61

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
Ka= 0.33
σp=
Force= 14.71
Type Forces
Dry Soil Pressure -2.48
Submerged Soil Pressure -21.14
Water pressure 12.56
Total -11.06
Seperator thickness 0
Tank width 0
Tank base thickness 0
Type Force (kN)
Weight of backfill soil (w4) 8.31
Load due to weight of passive soil 39.78
Water tank wall 0.00
Water tank seperator 0.00
Weigth of inclined slope (w5) 0.000
W 127.924

Due to Water Pa1
Due to surcharge Pa2
Due to backfill Pa3
Toatal active pressure Pa
Horizontal component Pacosθ
Vertical component Pasinθ
Overturnig moment Mo
Stabilising moment (about toe) per meter Mr
Distance of resultant vertical force from heel xw
Fs ,overturning 0.9Mr/Mo
Resultand vertical reaction R
Distance of R form toe LR
Ecentricity e
b/6=
6e/B
(Qmax should less than Soil bearing pressure), qmax
qmin
Sliding force Pacosθ
Passive earth pressure Pp
Resisting force F
Lets neglect Passive Earth Pressure,
Fs,sliding 0.9F/Pa
Required passive pressure Pp,r

Provide a shear key of size 200
300
r computing the passive pressure below the toe the overburden of 300mm is usually neglected
h1
h2
Pp
Fs,sliding 0.9F/Pa
Down ward Pressure
At toe side
At hill side
design of toe slab

downward weight of Slab Per unit area=
Pressure intensities at end toe=
Pressire insities at toe and stem face=
Deff
shear force at joint face of toe and stem
C.G Of SF
Bending Moment at joint face of toe and stem
Ast=
(100∗𝐴𝑠)/
(𝑏∗𝑑)=
(100∗𝐴𝑠)/
(𝑏∗𝑑)=
Tv=
from table,Tc=
for Tc-=
(100∗𝐴𝑠)/
(𝑏∗𝑑)=
Ast, Provided
Provide 16mm dia bar
Spacing=
design of Heel slab
downward weight of Slab Per unit area=
Pressure intensities at end Heel=
Pressire insities at Heel and stem face=
Deff=
shear force at joint face of steem and stem
C.G Of SF
Bending Moment at joint face of Heel and stem
Ast=
(100∗𝐴𝑠)/
(𝑏∗𝑑)=
Provide 16mm dia bar

Ast min=
Spacing=
Tv=
(100∗𝐴𝑠)/
(𝑏∗𝑑)=
Pt,req
Area required Areq
Spacing required
Development length Ld
Height of cantilever above base h
Assumw clear cover
Diameter of bars
Efffective depth at base
Force due to active pressure (per meter) Pa
Horizontal component Pacosθ
Bending moment=
Ast=
Ast Min=
Spacing=
Distribution of steel=
provide 10mm bar
spacing =
For this min. Ast

min.%pt
Tc
Critical section is at d
distance from the top of stem Zs
Shear force at critical section
Horizontal component cosθ
Nominal shear stress τv

Ast
+ Surcharge(Reinforced Concrete)
Spacing Req Development length use 1.3 Ld

182.69 752.00
267.95 752.00
146.15 470
Value Unit
8.50 N/mm2
275.00 N/mm2
10.98
0.25
0.92
0.99
3.77 m
0.62 m 19.81
0.40 m
15.00 kN/m2
4.17 m
1.60 m
2.57 m
30.00 Degree
0.00 Degree
0.40
100.00 kN/m2
17.00 kN/m2
25.00 kN/m3
9.81 kN/m3 4.17
12.50 kN/m 3
18.00 kN/m3 3.670

0.94 m
5.11 m 0.5
0.33
3.00
4.17 m
2.35 m
0.10 m
500 mm
550 mm
550 mm
3670.00 mm
1.70 m
0.00 m
1.94 m (2*c√ka-ka*qs)/(γs*ka)
2.23 m
1.60 m
2.57 m
0.63
17.32 kN/m2 2*C*√(𝐾_𝑎 )
5.67 kN/m2
-7.89 kN/m2 γ*h'*Ka+ka*qs-(2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))
-10.65 kN/m2
-7.89 kN/m2
-18.54 kN/m2 σtop+σsubmerge soil

15.70 kN/m 2
Yw*Hw
73.56 kN/m2 Y*h2*Ka+(2*C*(sqrt(Kp)))
Lateral Earth Pressure Stem Only

σa= -1.90
Zc= Y*H*Ka-(2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))
Zc= 2.89
Kpa
2*C*(sqrt(Ka))) Latera Earth Pressure Water Layer Stem Only
Water table height at stem only=

Kn/m^2 Ysub=
σa=
Degree σa=
σtop=
σbottom=
Force=
act at=
2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))
Kpa
Habove x Yabove
Kpa
-7.89 Kpa Ysub*H*Ka-(2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))
Kpa
Kpa
Kn/m
Lateral Water Pressure( Stem only)

σw= Yw*Hw
Kpa σw= 10.791
Kn/m F= 5.935
Act at= 0.37
at stem
force=
actingb at=
Kpa
Kn/m
Kp= 3.00
C*(sqrt(Ka)))
Kpa
Kn/m
Distance Moment
0.91 -2.25
2.56 -54.07
0.53 6.70
-49.62
Height 1.3
thickness 0
Distance from toeMoment (kNm)

2.300 19.10
0.850 33.81
1.70 0.00
2.35 0.00
2.233 0.00
Total 187.10
12.56
-21.14 kN
-2.48 kN in H height of inclined portion considered
-11.06 kN
-11.06 kN
0.00 kN
-49.62 kNm
187.10 kNm Mr=∑M
1.46 m X=∑M/∑W
-3.39 Not Ok FOS should >1.4
127.92 kN
1.85 m ∑Mo-Mr/∑W
-0.68 m e= B/2-LR
0.39 Not Ok
-1.72
-39.44 kN/m2 Which is all right
148.31 kN/m 2
Which is all right
-11.06 kN
14.71 kN
65.88 kN µ∑W
Which is all right
-74.78 kN
1.95 m distance from toe
0.10
1.43 m
54.62 kN
270.00 kN/m2
92.06 kN/m2
12.5 kn/m2
-51.94 kn/m2
86.83 Kn/m2
440 mm
29.66 Kn
-0.277 m
-8.21 KN-m
-8210400.49854 N-mm
-74.11 mm2
-0.02 %
0.07 n/mm2
0.19 N/mm2 NotOk
0.23 N/mm2 Which is All right,
0.25 %
1100 mm^2
16 mm
182.69 mm
12.5 kn/m2
-135.81 kn/m2
-127.65 Kn/m2
440 mm
-13.17 Kn
0.05 m
-0.67 KN-m
-665444.87 N-mm
-6.34 mm2
-0.001441 %
16 mm
750 mm2
267.95 mm
-0.03 n/mm2
#REF! %
#REF! mm2/m
#REF! mm
752.00 mm
3.67 m
50.00 mm
16.00 mm
492.00 mm
11.03 kN/m
11.03 kN/m
31.37 Knm
31369334.69 n-mm
253.24 mm2/m
1375.00 mm2/m
146.15 mm
660.00 mm2
10.00 mm
118.94
0.25 %
0.23 n/mm2
0.49 m
3.18 m
45.45 kN/m
45.45 kN/m
0.09
Which is All right,
660.00
Bar dia
16.00
16.00
16.00
sinθ 0
sinϕ 0.5
cosϕ 0.866025403784439
cosθ 1
tanθ 0
tanϕ 0.577350269189626
0.55 0.000
0.55
0.5
0.1
2.3500
0.5H to 0.7H i.e 2.56 3.58

0.5B 1.18
H/12 0.43
0.1H or H/12 0.51 0.43
Kpa
1.1
12.50 Kn/m^3
-12.73 Kpa
-7.89 Kpa
-20.62 Kpa
-15.68 Kn/m
0.57 m
kn/m
m
20.77587 kn/m
1.835 m
-11.06
13
1.7 0.5 0.10
-39.44
140.15
99.33
-151.21
86.83
-51.94
0.5
SP 16 Table 2
0.5
###
###
0.49
Fe500
3
4
5
6
9
10
wanter tank+surcharge +C+sep (Masonary)

Toe Slab 1100.00 182.69 752.00
Heel slab 600.00 334.93 752.00
Stem 3487.50 57.62 470
c=σcbc 8.50 N/mm2
t=σst 275.00 N/mm2
m=280/(3*σcbc) 10.98
Kc 0.25
Jc=1-Kc/3 0.92
Rc=0.5*J*K*C 0.99
Given
Unit weight of Brick γc 20.00 kN/m3
earth


ka= 0.33
Zc=
σa= 3.75 Kpa
2.89 m

Ysub= Ysat-Yw
Ysub= 12.50 Kn/m^2
Phi= 30° Degree

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
ka= 0.33
σa= -10.65 Kpa

σtop= 21.07 Kpa

σbottom= 10.41 Kpa
Force= 25.18 Kn/m

σw= Yw*Hw σw=
σw= 15.70 Kpa σw=
F 12.56 Kn/m F=
Act at=
Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
Ka= 0.333
σsur= Ka*qsur
σsur= 5.66 Kpa
F= 23.61 Kn/m

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
Ka= 0.33 Kp= 3.00
σp= 73.61 Kpa
Force= 14.7218292225251 Kn/m

Total 61.35 84.94
Seperator thickness 0.15

Tank width 2.1 Height 1.2
Tank base thickness 0.3 thickness 0.15
Footing (w1) 20.760 1.298 26.936
Rectangle portion of wall (w2) 97.643 1.748 170.631
Triangular portion of wall (w3) 3.770 1.167 4.398
W 140.559 Total 233.48


6e/B 0.56
qmin 24.02 kN/m2
Lets neglect Passive Earth Pressure, Which is all right
300
h1 0.10
h2 1.57 m
Pp 66.05 kN
Down ward Pressure
design of toe slab

downward weight of Slab Per unit area= 10 kn/m2
Deff 440 mm
C.G Of SF 0.572 m

41775813.84106 N-mm
design of Heel slab

Pressure intensities at end Heel= -14.02 kn/m2
Pressire insities at Heel and stem face= 17.11 Kn/m2
Deff= 440 mm
shear force at joint face of steem and stem 0.15 Kn
C.G Of SF -0.12 m
Bending Moment at joint face of Heel and stem -0.02 KN-m
-18211.95 N-mm

40997221.02 n-mm


Which is All right,

Ast 1674.00
Bar dia
16.00
use 1.3 Ld 16.00
16.00
sinθ 0
sinϕ 0.5
19.81 cosϕ 0.866025403784439
cosθ 1
tanθ 0
tanϕ 0.577350269189626
1.295 0.000
4.17
3.770
0.4 1.395
0.4
0.1
2.5950
0.5H to 0.7H i.e 2.56 3.58

0.5B 1.30
H/12 0.43
0.1H or H/12 0.51 0.43
Generallly 300mm
With Toe

3.75 Kpa
2.89 m

Ysub= 12.50 Kn/m^3
σa= -16.25 Kpa
σtop= 21.07 Kpa

σbottom= 4.82 Kpa
Force= 3.31 Kn/m
act at= 0.22 m

Yw*Hw
2.507
0.320 kn/m
0.09 m
at stem
actingb at= 1.885 m

Mr=∑M
X=∑M/∑W
FOS should >1.4

∑Mo-Mr/∑W
e= B/2-LR
Which is all right

Which is all right
µ∑W
FOS should >1.4

to be provided
distance from toe
FOS should >1.4
61.35
14
1.1 0.4 0.10
84.31
-4.61
68.52
0.4
24.0
61.35
Fe500
3
4
5
6
9
10
Soil+ Surcharge+cohesion ( Masonary)

Toe Slab 1100.00 182.69 752.00
Heel slab 600.00 334.93 752.00
Stem 3237.50 62.07 470
c=σcbc 8.50 N/mm2
t=σst 275.00 N/mm2
m=280/(3*σcbc) 10.98
Kc 0.25
Jc=1-Kc/3 0.92
Rc=0.5*J*K*C 0.99
Given
Unit weight of Brick γc 20.00 kN/m3
earth


ka= 0.33
Zc=
σa= 3.75 Kpa
2.89 m

Ysub= Ysat-Yw
Ysub= 12.50 Kn/m^2
Phi= 30° Degree

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
ka= 0.33
σa= -10.65 Kpa

σtop= 21.07 Kpa

σbottom= 10.41 Kpa
Force= 25.18 Kn/m

σw= Yw*Hw σw=
σw= 15.70 Kpa σw=
F 12.56 Kn/m F=
Act at=
Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
Ka= 0.333
σsur= Ka*qsur
σsur= 5.66 Kpa
F= 23.61 Kn/m

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
Ka= 0.33 Kp= 3.00
σp= 73.61 Kpa
Force= 14.7218292225251 Kn/m

Total 61.35 84.94
Tank width 0 Height 1.3
Tank base thickness 0 thickness 0
Load due to weight of passive soil 25.74 0.550 14.16
W 151.829 Total 230.44

6e/B 0.70
qmin 18.53 kN/m2
Lets neglect Passive Earth Pressure, Which is all right
300
h1 0.10
h2 1.51 m
Pp 61.26 kN
Down ward Pressure
design of toe slab

Deff 440 mm
C.G Of SF 0.633 m

44635198.84106 N-mm
design of Heel slab

Pressure intensities at end Heel= -8.53 kn/m2
Pressire insities at Heel and stem face= -11.32 Kn/m2
Deff= 440 mm
shear force at joint face of steem and stem -0.99 Kn
C.G Of SF 0.05 m
Bending Moment at joint face of Heel and stem -0.05 KN-m

-47311.68 N-mm
Tv= 0.00 n/mm2


40997221.02 n-mm


Which is All right,

Ast 1554.00
Bar dia
16.00
use 1.3 Ld 16.00
16.00
sinθ 0
sinϕ 0.5
19.81 cosϕ 0.866025403784439
cosθ 1
tanθ 0
tanϕ 0.577350269189626
1.295 0.000
4.17
3.770
0.4 1.295
0.4
0.1
2.4950
0.5H to 0.7H i.e 2.56 3.58

0.5B 1.25
H/12 0.43
0.1H or H/12 0.51 0.43
Generallly 300mm
With Toe

3.75 Kpa
2.89 m

Ysub= 12.50 Kn/m^3
σa= -16.25 Kpa
σtop= 21.07 Kpa

σbottom= 4.82 Kpa
Force= 3.31 Kn/m
act at= 0.22 m

Yw*Hw
2.507
0.320 kn/m
0.09 m
at stem
actingb at= 1.885 m

Mr=∑M
X=∑M/∑W
FOS should >1.4
∑Mo-Mr/∑W
e= B/2-LR
Not Ok
Which is all right
µ∑W
FOS should >1.4

to be provided
distance from toe
FOS should >1.4
61.35
1.1 0.4 0.10

103.17
23.82
44.98
0.4
18.5
42.81
37.52
36.98
95.17
Fe500
3
4
Distance of resultant vertical force from heel
5
6
7
8
9
10
Areq Spacing Req
Toe Slab 750.00 267.95
Heel slab 750.00 267.95
Stem 1375.00 146.15
Parameter Symbol Value
c=σcbc 8.50
t=σst 275.00
m=280/(3*σcbc) 10.98
Kc 0.25
Jc=1-Kc/3 0.92
Rc=0.5*J*K*C 0.99
Given
Height of retaining wall above ground h1 3.77
Depth of foundation 0.62
Assume foundation depth h2 0.40
Cohesion C 15.00
Total depth h 4.17
Water table height from foundation level 1.60
Height of wall above the water table 2.57
Angle of shearing resistance ϕ 30.00
Inclination of backfill θ 0.00
Soil bearing capacity qn 100.00
Grade of concrete fck 20.00
Grade of steel fy 500.00
Surcharge pressure ws 17.00
Unit weight of concrete γc 25.00
Unit weight of water γw 9.81
Submerge unit weight of soil γsub 12.50
Dry unit weight of soil γdry 18.00
Equivalent height of earth as surcharge hs 0.94
Total equivalent height H 5.11
Overall depth of retaining wall h 4.17
Width of footing B 2.35
Width of heel 0.10
Thickness of footing base slab 500.00
Thickness stem at base 550.00
Thickness stem at top 550.00
Height of steam 3670.00
Lenth of toe of wall 1.70
Extra height due to inclination H' 0.00
Point where pressure because zero due to (2c√k)/(γk) 2.89
earth
height of water table= 1.60

Height of Dry soil= 3.51
Lateral Earth Pressure

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
ka= 0.33
σa= 3.75 Kpa
2.89 m

Ysub= Ysat-Yw
Ysub= 12.50 Kn/m^2
Phi= 30° Degree

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
ka= 0.33
σa= -10.65 Kpa

Q(overburden)= 63.26
Ka*Q(overburden)= 21.07
σtop= 21.07 Kpa

σbottom= 10.41 Kpa
Force= 25.18 Kn/m
Lateral Water Pressure

σw= Yw*Hw
σw= 15.70 Kpa
F 12.56 Kn/m

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
Ka= 0.333
σsur= Ka*qsur
σsur= 5.66 Kpa
F= 23.61 Kn/m

Ka=Tan^2(45-Phi/2)
Ka= 0.33 Kp=
σp= 73.61 Kpa
Force= 14.7218292225251 Kn/m
Type Forces Distance

Back fill Pressure 25.18 0.71
Surcharge Pressure 23.61 2.5572222222
Water pressure 12.56 0.53
Total 61.35
Tank width 0 Height
Tank base thickness 0 thickness
Type Force (kN) Distance from t
Footing (w1) 29.375 1.175
Rectangle portion of wall (w2) 50.463 1.975
Triangular portion of wall (w3) 0.000 1.700
Weight of backfill soil (w4) 8.31 2.300
Load due to weight of passive soil 39.78 0.85
Water tank wall 0.00 1.70
Water tank seperator 0.00 2.35
Weigth of inclined slope (w5) 0.000 2.233
W 127.924 Total

Due to surcharge Pa2 23.61
Due to backfill Pa3 25.18
Toatal active pressure Pa 61.35
Horizontal component Pacosθ 61.35
Vertical component Pasinθ 0.00
Overturnig moment Mo 84.94
Stabilising moment (about toe) per meter Mr 187.10
Distance of resultant vertical force from heel xw 1.46
Fs ,overturning 0.9Mr/Mo 1.98

Resultand vertical reaction R 127.92
Distance of R form toe LR 0.80
Ecentricity e 0.38
b/6= 0.39
6e/B 0.96
(Qmax should less than Soil bearing pressure), qmax 106.75
qmin 2.12
Sliding force Pacosθ 61.35
Passive earth pressure Pp 14.72
Resisting force F 65.89
Lets neglect Passive Earth Pressure,
Fs,sliding 0.9F/Pa 0.97
Shear key need to be pr
Required passive pressure Pp,r 26.58
Provide a shear key of size 200 1.95
300
For computing the passive pressure below the toe the overburden of 300mm is usually n
h1 0.10
h2 1.43
Pp 54.62
Fs,sliding 0.9F/Pa 1.77
Down ward Pressure
At toe side 270.00
At hill side 92.06
design of toe slab

downward weight of Slab Per unit area= 12.5
Pressure intensities at end toe= 94.25
Pressire insities at toe and stem face= 16.91
shear force at joint face of toe and stem 94.49

C.G Of SF 1.047
Bending Moment at joint face of toe and stem98.94

98942790.413
Ast= 893.15
Ast min= 750.00
Provide 16mm dia bar 16
Spacing= 267.95
design of Heel slab

downward weight of Slab Per unit area= 12.5
Pressure intensities at end Heel= 10.38
Pressire insities at Heel and stem face= 5.83
shear force at joint face of steem and stem 0.81

C.G Of SF 0.05
Bending Moment at joint face of Heel and stem0.04

44319.22
Ast= 0.42
Provide 16mm dia bar 16
Ast min= 750
Spacing= 267.95
Design of Vertical Stem

Height of cantilever above base h 3.67
Assumw clear cover 50.00
Diameter of bars 16.00
Efffective depth at base 492.00
Force due to active pressure (per meter) Pa 22.88
Horizontal component Pacosθ 22.88
Bending moment= 38.40

38402493.03
Ast= 310.02
Ast Min= 1375.00
Spacing= 146.15
Distribution of steel= 660.00
provide 10mm bar 10.00
spacing = 118.94

Critical section is at d 0.49
distance from the top of stem Zs 3.18
Shear force at critical section 45.45
Horizontal component cosθ 45.45

#REF! 0.32

Ast 660.00
Development length Bar dia
752.00 16.00
752.00 use 1.3 Ld 16.00
470 16.00
Unit
N/mm2
N/mm2
m
m sinθ 0
m sinϕ 0.5
kN/m2 19.81 cosϕ 0.866025403784439
m cosθ 1
m tanθ 0
m tanϕ 0.577350269189626
Degree
Degree
kN/m2 0.55 0.000

Mpa
MPa
kN/m2
kN/m3
kN/m3 4.17
kN/m3
kN/m3 3.670
m
m 0.5 0.55
0.5
0.1
2.3500
m
m 0.5H to 0.7H i.e 2.56 3.58
m 0.5B 1.18
m H/12 0.43
mm 0.1H or H/12 0.51 0.43
mm Generallly 300mm
mm
m With Toe
m
m
m
m
Lateral Earth Pressure Stem Only

σa= 3.75 Kpa
Zc= Y*H*Ka-(2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))
Zc= 2.89 m

Ysub= 12.50 Kn/m^3
σa= -16.66 Kpa
σtop= 21.07 Kpa

σbottom= 4.40 Kpa
Force= 1.98 Kn/m
act at= 0.14 m
ve x Yabove
Kpa
Kpa
Lateral Water Pressure( Stem only)

σw= Yw*Hw
σw= 1.526
F= 0.119 kn/m
Act at= 0.05 m
at stem
actingb at= 1.835 m
3.00
Moment
17.87
60.37
6.70
84.94
1.3
0
Moment (kNm)
34.516
99.663
0.000
19.10
33.813
0.00
0.00
0.00
187.10
kN
kN in H height of inclined portion considered
kN
kN
kN
kNm
kNm Mr=∑M
m X=∑M/∑W
Which is all right FOS should >1.4
kN
m ∑Mo-Mr/∑W
m e= B/2-LR
Which is all right
kN/m2 Not Ok
kN/m 2
Which is all right
kN
kN
kN µ∑W
Which is all right
Not Ok FOS should >1.4
kN
m distance from toe
urden of 300mm is usually neglected
m
kN
Which is all right FOS should >1.4
kN/m2
kN/m2
kn/m2
kn/m2 61.35
Kn/m2
Kn
m 13
KN-m
N-mm
mm2
mm^2 750.00
mm
mm
kn/m2
kn/m2 1.7 0.5 0.10
Kn/m2
Kn
m
106.75
KN-m
N-mm 6.67
29.41
mm2
mm
mm2
mm 54.68
16.91
94.25
m
mm
mm
mm
kN/m
kN/m
Knm
n-mm
mm2/m
mm2/m
mm
mm2
mm
m
m
kN/m
kN/m
Which is All right,

0.5
2.1
59.23

Retaining Wall Design-Ch

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Retaining Wall Design-Ch

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For M25 Concrete and

(Qmax should less than Soil bearing pressure),

height of water table= 1.60 m

Lateral Earth Pressure Lateral Earth Pressure Stem Only

Latera Earth Pressure Water Layer

Phi= 30° Degree

Rankine Active Earth Presure Theory

Q(overburden)= Habove x Yabove

σtop= 21.07 Kpa

Lateral Water Pressure Lateral Water Pressure( Stem only)

Lateral Earth Pressure (Passive)

Type Forces Distance Moment

Seperator thickness 0.15

Stability against overturning

Fs ,overturning 0.9Mr/Mo 1.72 Which is all right

design of toe slab

Bending Moment at joint face of toe and stem 74.46 KN-m

Ast= 672.16 mm2

from table,Tc= 0.19 N/mm2

Ast, Provided 1100 mm^2

Bending Moment at joint face of Heel and stem 0.05 KN-m

Ast= 0.50 mm2

Provide 16mm dia bar 16 mm

Area required Areq 1122.69 mm2/m

Bending moment= 38.41 Knm

Ast= 310.09 mm2/m

Ast Min= 1375.00 mm2/m

For this min. Ast

Nominal shear stress τv 0.09

Temperature and Shinkage reinforcement

0.5H to 0.7H i.e 2.56 3.58

th Pressure Stem Only

Latera Earth Pressure Water Layer Stem Only

σtop= 21.07 Kpa

er Pressure( Stem only)

in H height of inclined portion considered

FOS should >1.4

Which is all right

FOS should >1.4

distance from toe

FOS should >1.4

1.7 0.5 0.10

Design of Retaining Wall

Passive earth pressue coefficent Kp

Water table height from bottom of footing base slab=

Lateral Earth Pressure above submerged soil

Latera Earth Pressure Water Layer submerged zone Ysub*H*Ka-(2*C*(sqrt(Ka)))

pressure due to dry soil

Lateral Water Pressure

Lateral Surcharge Pressure

Lateral Earth Pressure (Passive)

Stability against overturning

Required passive pressure Pp,r

design of toe slab

Bending Moment at joint face of toe and stem

Bending Moment at joint face of Heel and stem

Provide 16mm dia bar

For this min. Ast

Nominal shear stress τv

Latera Earth Pressure Water Layer submerged zone YsubHKa-(2C(sqrt(Ka)))

-7.89 kN/m2 γh'Ka+kaqs-(2C*(sqrt(Ka)))

2C(sqrt(Ka))) Latera Earth Pressure Water Layer Stem Only