Unit Conversion Data for Nitrogen

Weight
pounds (lb) kilograms (kg) cubic feet (scf)

Gas
cu meters (Nm3) 0.3627 0.7996 0.02628 1.0 2.447 0.6464 725.4
gallons (gal)

Liquid
liters (l)

1 pound 1 kilogram 1 scf gas 1 Nm gas 1 gallon liquid 1 liter liquid 1 short ton
3

1.0 2.205 0.07245 2.757 6.745 1.782 2000

0.4536 1.0 0.03286 1.2506 3.06 0.8083 907.2

13.803 30.42 1.0 38.04 93.11 24.60 27605

0.1481 0.3262 0.01074 0.4080 1.0 0.2642 296.2

0.5606 1.2349 0.04065 1.5443 3.785 1.0 1121

Scf (standard cubic foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70F. Nm3 (normal cubic meter) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0C. Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature.

GENERALITIES: N2 THE PROTECTIVE GAS AN INERT GAS WITH MANY INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS TO PROTECT, INERT A COLD RESERVE: IT CAN BE LIQUEFIED BY COOLING IT AT -196C. Nitrogen was discovered in 1772 by Daniel Rutherford who called it noxious air or fixed air. But it was Lavoisier who, in 1786, isolated it. The name nitrogen comes from Latin nitrogenium, where nitrum (from Greek nitron) means "saltpetre", and genes means "forming". Nitrogen is mainly found in the atmosphere, where it accounts for 78 % by volume of the air we breath. But nitrogen is also found: - in the Earth's crust, to a limited extent (in the form of nitrates, etc.), - in organic form (in the living or dead plants and organisms which form humus) - and in mineral form (ammonia), and thus contributes to soil fertility. In gaseous form, nitrogen is a neutral and colorless gas. It is inerting and does not sustain life. A nouvelle cuisine: Great chefs are always ready to innovate by creating new recipes. Liquid nitrogen, at -196C, enables these pioneers of molecular cooking to use their creativity by conceiving new tastes and textures. Nitrogen: SUPPLY MODE Cylinders, Liquefied gas tank, Pipeline, On-site generator,

Main applications
Industries Applications

 Chemicals Nitrogen can be used for blanketing, as well as for : - Storage for protecting raw materials or finished products in liquid form from the formation of peroxides and/or gum, and from contamination by oxygenated components - Regeneration of purification beds (alumina and molecular sieve) - Preparation of catalysts and transportion of polymer powders - Medium for the exhaust of emitted heat in fluid bed reactors - Temperature Control in reactors. Pharmaceuticals Nitrogen is used for inerting, cryo-grinding, lyophilisation, drying, liquid phase transfer of products or synthesis intermediates; cryo-condensation of waste gases and low temperature storage. Food and Beverage Liquid nitrogen: N2 is the most used cryogenic fluid, to chill, freeze or store food products. Gaseous nitrogen: N2 is very commonly used in contact with foodstuffs to avoid oxidation or micro-organism growth by inerting of liquids. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) preserves and protects foods ( pure nitrogen or mixed with CO2) (ALIGAL). Glass, Cement and Lime Nitrogen is used as an inert gas especialy to create, in combination with hydrogen, a reductive atmosphere over the tin bath in the float glass process. Healthcare Low-temperature preservation of living tissues and cells Laboratories & analysis Nitrogen is used as a carrier gas in gas chromatography for various industrial and hospital analyses and quality control. Nitrogen is the balance gas of the calibration gas mixtures for environmental monitoring systems and industrial hygiene gas mixtures. Nitrogen is largely used as purge, dryier or blanket gas for analyzers or chemical reactors (under gaseous state or at low temperature liquid state). Welding, Cutting & Coating Heat treatment of various metals. Nitrogen is a component of the special mixtures used in CO2lasers ( LASAL). Oil and Gas Quality protection of products and facilities (blanketing) Electronics Nitrogen is used as carrier gas for overall protection against impurities and oxidation in semiconductor and soldering processes. In its cold and liquid form, N2 is used as a cooling medium in the environmental testing of electronic devices. Automotive & transportation Gas Assisted Injection Moulding requires pressures between 10 bar (145 psi) and 200 bar (2900 psi) and a nitrogen content of between 98.0 % and 99.9 %. Tires filling with nitrogen increases their lifetime and therefore decreases the recycling or treatment of this waste. Other industries Pneumatic transportation of powdered flammable materials (charcoal).
Top of the page

Gas Properties
Molecular Weight

Solid phase Liquid phase

Molecular weight : 28.0134 g/mol Melting point : -210 C Latent heat of fusion (1,013 bar, at triple point) : 25.73 kJ/kg Liquid density (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 808.607 kg/m3 Liquid/gas equivalent (1.013 bar and 15 C (59 F)) : 691 vol/vol Boiling point (1.013 bar) : -195.9 C Latent heat of vaporization (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 198.38 kJ/kg

Density & temperature calculation of the liquid phase

Given the pressure (in bar), this module calculates the temperature and the density of the liquid phase on the liquid-gas equilibrium curve
Enter the pressure in bar (between 1 and 32)

bar

Calculate

Critical point

Critical temperature : -147 C Critical pressure : 33.999 bar Critical density : 314.03 kg/m3 Triple point temperature : -210.1 C Triple point pressure : 0.1253 bar Gas density (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 4.614 kg/m3 Gas density (1.013 bar and 15 C (59 F)) : 1.185 kg/m3 Compressibility Factor (Z) (1.013 bar and 15 C (59 F)) : 0.9997 Specific gravity (air = 1) (1.013 bar and 21 C (70 F)) : 0.967 Specific volume (1.013 bar and 21 C (70 F)) : 0.862 m3/kg Heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) (1.013 bar and 25 C (77 F)) : 0.029 kJ/ (mol.K) Heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) (1.013 bar and 25 C (77 F)) : 0.02 kJ/(mol.K) Ratio of specific heats (Gamma:Cp/Cv) (1.013 bar and 25 C (77 F)) : 1.403846 Viscosity (1.013 bar and 0 C (32 F)) : 0.0001657 Poise Thermal conductivity (1.013 bar and 0 C (32 F)) : 24 mW/(m.K) Solubility in water (1.013 bar and 0 C (32 F)) : 0.0234 vol/vol Concentration in air : 78.08 vol %

Triple point Gaseous phase

Miscellaneous
Go back to choosing the units Top of the page

Vapor Pressure Graph

The vapor pressure curve may be obtained by clicking on the image. On the graph, pressure is in bar or 0.1 MPa, temperature in K or C. The critical point is indicated by a black spot on the liquid-vapor equilibrium curve.

Top of the page

Liquid Gas Conversion

Liquid to gas conversion
This module enables a volume (measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling point) or a mass of liquid gas to be converted into a volume or a mass of gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 15 C. Data : liquid Phase Input the volume

(m3) or mass

(kg)
Calculate

Gas to liquid conversion

This module enables a volume (measured at 1 atmosphere and 15 C) or a mass of gas in gaseous phase to be converted into a mass or a volume of liquid (measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling point). Data : Gas Phase Input the volume

(m3) or mass

(kg)
Calculate

Go back to choosing the units

Top of the page

Safety Data Sheets

Safety Data Sheets (SDS) include information on product ingredients, physical and chemical properties, potential effects on toxicology and ecology, identification of hazards, handling and storage instructions, as well as personnel protection recommendations and information related to transportation requirements, first-aid and emergency processes.
Top of the page

Major Hazards

Major hazard : High Pressure and Suffocation Toxicity (Am. Conf. Of Gov. Ind. Hygienists ACGIH 2000 Edition) : Simple Asphyxiant Flammability limits in air (STP conditions) : Non-flammable Odour : None UN Number : UN1066 (gas); UN1977 (liquid refrigerated) EINECS Number : 231-783-9 DOT Label (USA) : NFG DOT Hazard class (USA) : Non flammable Gas

Top of the page

Material compatibility
Air Liquide has assembled data on the compatibility of gases with materials to assist you in evaluating which products to use for a gas system. Although the information has been compiled from what Air Liquide believes are reliable sources (International Standards: Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas content; Part 1: ISO 11114-1 (Jul 1998), Part 2: ISO 11114-2 (Mar 2001)), it must be used with extreme caution. No raw data

such as this can cover all conditions of concentration, temperature, humidity, impurities and aeration. It is therefore recommended that this table is used to choose possible materials and then more extensive investigation and testing is carried out under the specific conditions of use. The collected data mainly concern high pressure applications at ambiant temperature and the safety aspect of material compatibity rather than the quality aspect.

Material Compatibility
Metals
Aluminium Satisfactory Brass Satisfactory Copper Satisfactory Ferritic Steels (e.g. Carbon steels) Satisfactory Stainless Steel Satisfactory

Plastics
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Satisfactory Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) Satisfactory Vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF) (KYNAR) Satisfactory Polyamide (PA) (NYLON) Satisfactory Polypropylene (PP) Satisfactory

Elastomers
Buthyl (isobutene - isoprene) rubber (IIR) Satisfactory Nitrile rubber (NBR) Satisfactory Chloroprene (CR) Satisfactory Chlorofluorocarbons (FKM) (VITON) Satisfactory Silicon (Q) Satisfactory Ethylene - Propylene (EPDM) Satisfactory

Lubricants
Hydrocarbon based lubricant Satisfactory Fluorocarbon based lubricant Satisfactory
Top of the page

Selection of the units

You can choose the units in which the values are displayed. By default, SI units are selected.
Quantity Units

Mass lb Volume g

kg

m3 ft3 l Pressure bar

psi kPa Temperature K R mol/l kJ/mol (lb-mol)/ft3 kcal/kg kJ/(kg.K) kcal/mol Btu/lb-mol kcal/(kg.K)

C F Density

kg/m3 lb/ft3 Enthalpy

kJ/kg Btu/lb Heat Capacity kJ/(mol.K)

Btu/(lb.F) J/(mol.K)

Btu/(lb-mol.F)

cal/(mol.K) Viscosity

Poise lb/(ft.s) Pa.s Thermal Conductivity mW/(m.K) Btu.ft/(h.ft2.F)

Pa.s cal.cm/(h.cm2.C) W/(m.K)

(cal.cm)/(s.cm2.C) Concentration

vol % vol ppm Solubility

vol/vol mol/l g/l

vol/vol lb/ft3 (lb-mol)/ft3 Specific volume m3/kg ft3/lb l/mol

ft3/lb-mol

Nitrogen Testing
In nitrogen test stick phosphorous is used in place of copper wire and water in place of Ammonium Chloride solution. Yellow or white phosphorous submerged in water is used for absorbing the oxygen to form phosphorous pent oxide, which is soluble in water. The volume of remaining gas nitrogen is then measured in the burette. A downward graduated burette may be used for easy reading. Phosphorus is highly combustible when exposed to air so gas cntaining more than 7% of oxygen should not be passed through the phosphorus test set.

Nitrogen Test Procedure

Crack the Nitrogen purity test valve and open the stop-cock. The sample should be allowed to warm to room temperature for several minutes before the level is adjusted to the zero mark because nitrogen is colder at room temperature and it expands as ir warms up.

Adjust the gas flow and allow the sample gas to bubble through the purging vessel for one or two minutes. Check that the burette, the reaction chamber and the test connection tube are completely filled with water. Turn the stop-cock open to the burette connection. Then controlling the flow of nitrogen, slowly open the other cock to allow the oxygen to pass into the burette. When the burette is filled below the bottom mark, close the stop - cocks . Disconnect the nitrogen sample tube , close the test valve. Adjust the level of the gas in the burette to the 100 cc mark by holding the leveling bottle at the level of the water in the burette. Then carefully open both the cocks to bubble through the purging vessel to atmosphere. Level the liquid in the burette and the leveling bottle and note the reading indicated on the burette scale at the liquid level. This reading is equal to percentage of purity of the original Nitrogen sample.