4th Quarter

Music
• Lesson 1
Wayang kulit (often called the wayang) is a shadow theater known for its well-crafted puppets made of leather or wood. This is
a traditional form of storytelling, which takes stories from indigenous myths and Indian epics such as the Mahabharata and Ramayana.
The wayang may also tell the life of an ordinary person, his or her experiences, and his or her role in society. The dalang or master
puppeteer manipulates the puppets used in wayang kulit.

Wayang kulit flourished in the royal courts of Bali and Java. Eventually, its popularity has spread to the neighboring islands of
Indonesia, Lombok, Madura, Sumatra, and Borneo in Malaysia. As it flourished in other parts of Indonesia, different characters of
wayang came into being.

There are two main types of puppets used in wayang. The three-dimensional wooden type is called wayang klitik or golek, and
the flat, one-dimensional leather type is wayang kulit. Both types of puppets are handcrafted.

Wayang kulit is presented by projecting the flat puppets in front of a screen with the lights from behind, thus projecting their
shadows on the screen. The puppets are carefully handcrafted and elaborately designed with clear facial features and body parts.
The head puppeteer, called dalang, manipulates a puppet through narrow sticks attached to the body parts of the puppet. He or she
is also expected to know by heart the stories and text passages, and he or she should be able to deliver these in a creative manner.

Balinese puppets are considered realistic than their Javanese counterparts, which have become stylized. The Javanese style of
wayang is often performed on the courts, whereas the Balinese wayang is often performed among the folk.

In Java, the musical accompaniment of the wayang kulit is provided by a full gamelan ensemble, whereas in Bali, the music
accompaniment is provided by four sets of gender. In both styles, singers form part of the ensemble. Most of the music in wayang kulit
is based on the slendro tuning.

• Lesson 2
Kabuki is Japan's popular theater form. Kabuki incorporates music, dance, mime, and elaborate costumes, and it has been in
existence for four centuries now. The beginnings of Kabuki can be traced back to the 17th century, when a female dancer: named
Okuni became popular performing parodies of Buddhist chants. She formed a troupe of female performers and went around town
performing for the common people. In 1869, because it became apparent that the performances have placed women actors in
precarious situations, boys were tasked to perform the roles of the women. Problems also arose with the young male actors.
Eventually, mature men took on the roles of both men and women. The male actors who play female roles are called onnagata.

Kabuki is somewhat coarse, gaudy, and extravagant. This is in contrast to the Noh, another Japanese theater form, which is
known for its fragility and elegance. Also, Kabuki is known for its free interaction with the audience, unlike most Western theater
forms that have an imaginary division between the stage and the audience. Kabuki actors interact with the crowd, who reciprocate
spontaneously. Another character of this theater form is its duration, which may run from morning till evening. Because of the long
presentation, it is usual for members of the audience to come in and go out of the house during the run. At formal locations such as
their national theater, a Kabuki presentation may run for approximately four hours.

Music of Kabuki

Hyoshigi - There are a number of musical instruments used in creating music for a Kabuki presentation. Each presentation creates its
own prelude, which usually starts with the hyoshigi. The hyoshigi is a wooden idiophone clapper that marks the start of the
presentation. It is played by striking two wood bars together. After the hyoshigi, the Noh flute is heard.

Nohkan - The nohkan, or the Noh flute, is a transverse aerophone flute made from bamboo, which is used in Noh drama and Kabuki. The
inner layer is painted inside the bamboo pipe. Doing so produces a powerful sound. Also, by controlling the thickness of the paint, the
pitch of the nohkan is also determined. Last, the paint protects the bamboo from corrosion. The nohkan is then accompanied by the
sound of the drums, which symbolizes the commencement of the play.

Shime-daiko - The shime-daiko is a small membranophone drum, which is short in height but has a wide diameter. It is covered in
animal skin on both sides. The drum heads are held together by cords. The shime-daiko drums are used in Buddhist temples, in festivals,
and in Kabuki presentations.

Shamisen - The shamisen then enters after the shime-daiko, followed by the voices. Shamisen is a Japanese word that literally means
"three-stringed." The shamisen is a Japanese chordophone similar to a banjo, with three strings attached from the thin neck of the
fretless board to the square-like body covered with animal skin or plastic. The-instrument is played with a plectrum called a bachi.

There are other musical instruments used offstage, which adds to the music and the ambient sounds needed in the presentation. The
performers of the geza-ongaku, as the offstage music is called, are behind a bamboo curtain or in a room called the kuromisu. Some of
the instruments are described instr following table.

Different Geza-ongaku instruments

Okedo - It is a small drum with heads tied together. The okedo is played with tapered sticks. It is often used in folk scene.
Gaku-daiko - It is a tambourne-like drum used in war scenes
Dora - It is a small gong used for temple scenes
Soban - it is a thin metal gong used to mark the entrance of antagonist characters.
Rei - It is a bell used in Buddhist services and in religious scenes.
Mokkin - It is a wood xylophone
 Arts
• Lesson 1
South East Asian Festival

South Asia's spirituality, tradition and color make it one of the best places on Earth for festivals. Knowing the regions festival can
be a great way to start understanding its vibrant culture. Although there are many festivals celebrated in different towns and
cities, we will focus on festivals that are most popular. Many of them represent the diverse arts and culture of Southeast Asia.

- Songkran Festival (Thailand)

The Songkran Festival, one of Thailand's well-known cultural festivals, is a celebration of the Buddhist New Year. Beginning in
April, the festival is when revelers go to Thailand's major streets and engage in the biggest "friendly" water fight in the world. Chalk
on one another. This friendly throwing of water, which symbolized Songkran's spring-cleaning aspect, is also considered a mean to
pay respects to others. Traditionally, the rubbing of talk or chalk is also practiced by monks for blessing.

- Thaipusam Festival (Malaysia and Singapore)

The Thaipusam Festival is held in January or February by Hindu devotees in many parts of the world. This festival has the
strongest following among Malaysians and Singaporeans. While the Thaipusam Festival is the same time when men give thanks for
all answered prayer, this not for the squeamish as male festival participants carry kavadis, which are steel racks attached to the
body (with skewers that pierce the skin). Thaipusam is a demonstration of how devoted Hindus are to Lord Murugan. Pierced
devotees, with many undergoing trance-like phases, believe that the practice of skin piercingcleanses their souls of sins.

- Sinulog Festival (Philippines)

The Sinulog Festival in Cebu honors the miraculous image of Sto. Niño. Spirited street dancers wearing colorful costumes fill the
streets every Sunday of January to perform the traditional Sinulog dance. In this dance participants move to beat of the drums,
resembling the sinulog or the water current.

- Waisak Festival (Indonesia)

The Waisak Festival is the most sacred day in Buddhism as it celebrates the birth of Buddha and his enlightenment, as well as his
attainment of nirvana. The festival is celebrated in many Buddhist countries around the world, but the one in Borobudur in Java.
Indonesia is perhaps the most remarkable. Borobudur, one of the region's most renowned cultural sites, has the largest Buddhist
temple in the world

Southeast Asian Theater

There is variety of theatrical forms in Southeast Asia. These include Cal cuong Khon, Lakon Bassac, Wayang Kulit, Zat Pwe, and
Komedya.

- Cai Luong (Vietnam)

Cai Luong, classified as "renovated theater" or "reformed theater", is a mixture of Asian popular theater. Vietnamese folk music,
and French comedy. This theater form was first performed in the early 1900s in village centers in the southern region of Vietnam.
The first type is cai long tuong co (the ancient form) and the second type is the called cai luong xa hoi (modern form). Both forms
feature moral standards in the country.

- Khon (Thailand)
The Khon is masked, stylized dance drama of Thailand, with roots that can be traced back to the 16th century. This form of
traditional theater evolved alongside the national epic story and the Thai version of Ramayana, which is the Ramakien. There is no
dialogue in the khon: only a chorus tells the story on the side. It is considered a "high art form" that was originally performed to
entertain the Thai royal family.

- Lakhon Bassac (Cambodia)

Lakhon Bassac (Bassac Opera) is one of the more popular folk theatrical forms in Cambodia. It is characterized by the larger-
than-life and comic movements that epic specificscenes of early old Khmer literature. particularly the ones about the clash of good
and evil spirits. This animated and amusing form of Khmer theater features dance, music, and melodrama, with performers
appearing in extravagant costumes.

- Wayang Kulit (Indonesia)

The Indonesian wayang kulit is one of the most well-known puppet theater art in the world. This traditional form of puppetry is
most famously performed in Bali and Java. Wayang is the Javanese word for "shadow" although in everyday Bahasa Indonesian
vocabulary. It means "puppet." In addition to wayang kulit(shadow puppets), wayang can be in the form of wayang golek (rod
puppets), wayang klitik (flat wood puppets), wayang orang (human puppets), and wayang gedog (masked human puppets). The
white screen symbolizes the universe where natives where go on the material world, and the darker side symbolizes the afterlife.
The oil lamp, called the blencong, often takes the shape of the mythical bird Garuda. The lamp symbolizes the sun rays needed by all
living things.

- Zat Pwe (Myanmar)

Pwe is a broad Burmese term for performances that encompass classical dance, drama, and musical opera. This highly stylized
form combines dance, drama, and music to form an exceptional theater art. It is performed during pagoda festivals, featuring
dancers, acrobats, and comedians accompanied by haing waing, which is gong and percussion ensemble.

- Komedya (Philippines)
The komedya is sometimes called the moro-moro is form of theater art in our Christianized country. This long play, which often
last for three nights, tells the story of the religious and political conflicts between Christian and Muslim heroes. In the komedya,
kings, princes, and dukes engage in intense battle, with the Christians always being triumphant in the end. The Christians always
being triumphant in the end. The performance parade in magnificent costume and props, and they dramatized the story using
stylized acting. Komedya is often presented during festivals, gaining the patronage of the entire community.
 • Lesson 2
East Asian Festival

- Chinese Lantern Festival

In the Chinese lunar Month, the 15th day is very significant. This date marks the celebration of the Chinese Lantern
Festival, which traditionally coincides with the end of the Chinese. In these festivals, lanterns are displayed and fireworks are
lit, while other forms of celebration happen, such as lantern riddle guessing, tangyuan eating, and viewing of traditional
performances.

- Kodo Taiko Drum Festival

The Taiko is considered one of the. most primitive of all Japanese musical instruments. It is thought to have been used for
communication and religious rituals in Japan. The taiko was used in feudal Japan for motivating troops and calling out orders
or announcements. It was also accompaniment for marching. Used in religious ceremonies and local festivals, the taiko is
commonly found at Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples.

- Andong Mask Dance Festival

Visitors and locals alike can enjoy the Andong Mask Dance Festival held every end of September to early October in the
Korean town of Andong in Gyeongsangbukdo. This festival features the talchum (mask dance) and other traditional Korean
dances. These traditional dances hold cultural significance in Korea. One example is the byeolsingut talnori dance, which is an
important intangible cultural asset of the country.

East Asian Theater

- Peking Opera
Known today as the Beijing Opera (referring to the new name of China's capital city), the Peking Opera is an embodiment
of stage performance in China. The Peking Opera integrates elements of song, dialogue, dance, and martial arts in the
performances. Singing is performed to showcase the different kinds of tones, which intensifies the appeal of the opera.
Dialogues complement the songs and highlight the musical and rhythmic sensations. Some of the dances require special skills
from the performers. Martial arts also included to provide harmony of Chinese Combat exercises and dances.
Typically composing a Peking Opera cast are the sheng or the male character, the dan of the female character, the jing or
the painted face male role and the chou or the clown. These actors use ostentatious and exaggerated makeup, costumes,
and gestures to highlight their performances. Except for the dan, all the characters portray male or masculine characters.
Two kind of makeup applied by the performers are mask and facial paintings. There is a special technique that involves the
frequent onstage change mask called the "changing faces" that the audience barely notices.

- Kabuki
Kabuki is form of classical theater that evolved in Japan in the early 17th century. The Kabuki term used suggest a rather
unothordox and shocking character behind this form of theater art. In modern Japan, The Kabuki is composed of three
characters: the ka or the "song." the bu or the "dance," and the ki or the “skill."

- Noh
Noh is Japan oldest form of musical theater. The story is told not just through dialogue but also not just through dialogue
but also through other forms, such as utai (singing), hayashi musical accompaniment), and mai (dance). The Noh involves the
use of slow movements, poetic language, monotous tones, and rich and heavy costumes. Narratives are based on Japanese
legends, history, literature, and contemporary events. These often draw inspiration from fantasy themes such as dreams,
supernatural worlds, ghosts, and spirits.

- Kyogen
The kyogen is a type of classical Japanese comic theater performed with highly stylized actions and lines. It is staged
between Noh performances, or as a comic relief from more solemn or serious acts of Noh, although it is now sometimes
performed in its own right. Unlike Noh performers, kyogen performers do not typically wear mask. Kyogen also tends to
attract commoners, whereas the Noh is popular among the elite.

- Bunraku
The Bunraku, the Japanese puppet theater which became popular at the end of the 16th century, is a kind of puppet
theater. Bunraku is performed to the accompaniment of narrative singing and music played on the shamisen (a three-
stringed instrument). The Bunraku is known as one of the world's most refined forms of puppet theater.

P.E.
• Lesson 1
Background of Sua-Ku-Sua

Aside from fishing, the Tausugs were into farming coconut, rice, root crops, and pomelo fruits (suha or sua), Because the
fruits brought much income to the Tausugs, they developed a close attachment to the fruit. This relationship is romanticized
by comparing the leaves, slender branches, fruits found. greenish, and yellowish). and fragrant flowers of sua to the virtues
of the lady.
 Like most Tausug traditional performances, Sua-Ku-Sua, which is a courtship dance, is a song and dance affair.
During the performance, the couple waves oversized colored fans to the beat of kulintang (a xylophone crafted from slim
bamboo slats). The movements of the fans resemble that of resulting leaves in the wind. During celebrations, men and
women come to the festivals with their faces thickly covered with powdered ice. Eyebrows and sideburns are enhanced
with soot for artistic effect. Sua-Ku-Sua can be loosely translated as "My Pomelo Tree". The word ku means "mine" and sua
means "pomelo".

The music is divided into four parts: A, B, C and D. This dance is accompanied by singing.

Sua-ku-Sua is usually danced by a couple, but others may participate as well. The dancers hold the open fans, with the
second and third fingers on one side toward the top, and the thumb, fourth and little fingers are on the other side. Partners
stand opposite each other about eight feet apart, with the gil at the right side of her partner when facing the audience.

• Lesson 2
Characteristics and Background of Sakuting

Before the Spaniards came, the llocanos were using sticks made from bamboo, wood, or rattan canes for their self-defense.
With the arrival of the colonizers, many were converied to Christians and settled at the lowlands. Those who refused to embrace
the new religion moved up the mountains and remained nature worshippers. There were occasions when the highlanders raided the
garrison of the conquistadores in the municipality of Abra.

The sakuting dance interprets the pocket battles between the mountain attackers and the Christian defenders. It highlights
the stick fight called arnis, because it is a simulated battle scenario, the original performers were boys. As time went on, however,
girls started to join them. Dancers (including their partners) hold stripped bamboo sticks of about 0.15-0.30 meters (1 to 1.5 feet), and
tap the floor. The dance combines marching as well as sideward and forward moves, whereas others apply ballet-like movements.

The music that accompanies the movements is produced from a rondalla, which is an ensemble of several instruments that
include the guitar and the bandurria. The music has Chinese and Spanish influences. There are moments when the rondalla stops the
music, but the dancing continues to the rhythm and beat of the wooden sticks and the a cappella singing of the dancers. The
performers produce war shouts while leaping high in circles to simulate the fighting during the raid.

The sakuting dance is performed during the Christmas season at the town plaza, or in front of houses or front yards, similar
to what Christmas carolers do. The performance of the dancers is appreciated by homeowners who give them snacks, gifts in kind,
or cash.

Nowadays, the dance is performed as an intermission number during programs or cultural celebrations to remind Filipinos about
their colorful tradition. Folk dancing is oftentimes promoted as a form of physical activity to encourage people to be fit and to have
fun at the same time.

For the costume, girls will wear a balintawak-style garment with siesgo
(a line skirt). Boys, on the other hand will wear red trousers and barong Tagalog, which made from coarse materials. Each dancer
holds two sticks (one in each hand) with which to produce rhythmic sounds, timed with the steps. The stick is about 0.45 meters
long, and tapers at the end. It is held at the bigger end.

Music: It is divided into 10 ports: Entrance, A. B, C. D, E, F, G. H and I

Partners stand opposite each other approximately 1.2 meters (four feet) apart. They positioned according to height. with the
shorter couple in front. Four couples make a set or a group. The number of sets that may participate is unlimited.

Health

• Lesson 1
Gateway drug is a term used to explain a theory that states the use of certain drugs may lead to an increased risk if
en the use of other drugs and involvement in criminal behavior. Typical gateway drugs are defining as alcohol, marijuana or
cigarettes which are expensive and readily available. The theory is that when one uses marijuana drinks alcohol, or smokes
cigarettes they have opened the door to using other drugs.

Gateway drug theory states that the use of less hormful drugs precedes and can lead to, future use of dangerous
hard drugs. It is often attributed to the earlier use of one of several illicit substances, including tobacco or alcohol.

Cigarettes are much more accessible to many kids than other drugs.
These kids are often misguided by watching those they admire smoke cigarettes and think that cigarettes are not as
harmful or deadly as illegal drugs.

Smoking cigarettes is relatively socially acceptable and has become more so with the recent. E cigarette trend which
involves vaporizing tobacco.

Studies have showed the E-cigarette use is associated with higher rates of smoking among young people. Whereas
cigarettes are supposed to help people quit smoking, they actually appear to be making It more common and fashionable.
When a person smokes cigarette, the body responds immediately 10 the chemical nicotine in the smoke. Nicotine causes
short term increase in plood pressure heart rate and the flow of blood from the heart. it is also causing the arteries to
narrow. Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. Nicotine addiction is a serious matter that
affects millions of people worldwide.
Short term effects of smoking Deadly Diseases Effects of Smoking on the Brain

Bad breath, Heart Diseases The Brain's receptors for nicotine

Bad taste in mouth Hypertension increase when smoking, making it
Smelly hair and clothes Coronary heart disease more likely for nicotine addiction to
Yellow and brown stains on teeth Blocked blood vessels develop and making it harder for
Loss athletic ability Cancer stop smoking.
Damage to the respiratory system - Lung Brain receptors are also altered
Elevated heart rate - Upper respiratory tract which increases the chances of
Increased incidence of bronchitis - Larynx cravings for other drugs.
Increased incidence of asthma and more severe asthma - Mouth Serotonin receptors change, which
Addiction to the nicotine - Throat increases the chance of depression
Risk of other drug use - Stomach
when not smoking—a feeling that is
Decrease lung capacity - Pancreas
temporarily alleviated by smoking
Elevated heart rate - Kidney
but comes back even stronger than
Chronic cough - Bladder
the nicotine wears off.
Reproductive damage
Strokes Dopamine levels increase which
makes the "reward" response that
Long Term effects of smoking Congestive heart failure
happens when abusing drugs and
Cancer
Lung disease alcohol more intense and enticing.
Heart disease
Emphysema
Lung disease
Chronic bronchitis
Birth defects
Reproductive Damage
Cancer Abnormal sperm cells
Reproductive Damage Impotence
Difficulty in maintaining pregnancy
Menstrual disorders and early menopause
Birth Defects
- Miscarriage or still birth
- Premature birth
- Low birth weight
• Lesson 2 - Sudden infant death syndrome

Just as with tobacco, alcohol is a socially acceptable gateway drug. People usually start out drinking socially, end up
making aicohol a part of their routine more and more throughout the week, and then find themselves counting down the
hours when they could get home to open a bottle, or looking to alcohol for the relief and refuge that they need.

Alcohol is a drug that slows down the brain and nervous system. Drinking a small amount is not harmful for most people
but uncontrolled drinking can cause personal, social and health problems.

Kinds of Alcohol

1. Ethyl
This is the kind of alcohol found in beverages. It is classified as a depressant drug that decreases the body functions and
acts lie a tranquilizer.
2. Methanol
This is a highly poisonous alcohol used in paint thinners, varnishes, and shellac. Methanol when inhaled can be very harmful
3. Isoprophyl (Rubbing Alcohol)
This is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. It has a wide variety of Industrial and household uses.
4. Denatured
This is a mixture of a methanol and ethanol which is highly poisonous and is used for industrial purposes. The alcohol
content in most alcoholic beverages is measured in proof which is half of the actual content of alcohol in a drink.

Alcoholism is a disease in which the drinking of alcohol beverages become a compulsion and produces characteristic
symptoms in an individual.
Long Term Short Term
Effects of Alcohol 3. Alcohol poisoning Dependency Euphoria and excitement
•Person is unconscious or semi-unconscious Dementia Shortened attention span
1. Acute intoxication •Cold, clumsy, pale or blush skin Cancers Memory loss
• Confusion •Breathing is less than eight times per - Mouth Delayed reactions
• Disorientation minute - Pharyngeal Inability to stand or walk
• Possible hallucinations • Irregular breathing - Laryngeal Lapsing consciousness
• Unsteady gait • Vomiting while sleeping or passed out and - Breast Increased self- confidence
not waking up after vomiting - Bowel Lowered inhibitions
2. Korsakkoff's Psychosis • Pulse rate is less than 60 beats per minute - Liver Blurred vision
• Confusion Malnutrition Extreme confusion
• Hallucinations Liver damage Vomiting
• Development of various kinds of paralyses Emotional instability Shutdown
• Development of memory gaps Memory loss
• Mental illnesses Heart disease
• Develop organic diseases Brain damage
Vitamin deficiency
Stomach ulcers
Skin problems
Sexual performance problems.