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MMEAT 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1986 (2021) 012097 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1986/1/012097

Structural Design of Steel Bar Bending Machine

Ying Jiang1,a, Xiaofei Cheng1,b*, Hongji Li1,c,Xinghua Ren1,d, YueYang Li1,e

1
Shan Dong Agriculture And Engineering University, Jinan,Shandong,China
a
email: 1208986103@qq.com, cemail: 1601419995@qq.cm, demail: 752308164@qq.co
m, eemail: z2013167@sdaeu.edu.cn
*
Corresponding author: bemail: chengxiaofei@sdaeu.edu.cn

Abstract: In order to solve the current situation of the sharp increase of steel consumption in
China, a steel bending machine with adjustable support is designed. This design selects a
reasonable power source, and designs an efficient deceleration device and executive system. The
design of reducer includes belt, gear, shaft and key; The executive system includes rotatable
support block, lead screw, lead screw base, bending core, working disc and other parts; and the
working performance of the important parts inside the bending machine is analyzed. This design
can control the bending speed at 20 meters per minute and the bending diameter at Φ18mm~
Φ28mm.

1.Introduction
At present, with the substantial growth of the real estate industry, followed by the rapid development of
the construction industry, the current situation of the construction industry is that more and more
reinforcement is used. After field investigation, most of the steel bars are now used by steel bar bending
equipment. In China, the development of bending machine, although there is a little gap between foreign
technology, but through the strong support and rapid development of industry in China, China has also
produced more advanced bending machines in recent years. For the bending system with special process,
China can also process it efficiently and quickly through a series of automation equipment.

2. Working principle and scheme of steel bending machine

2.1. Working principle

The purpose of this paper is to design the structure and optimize the system of the existing steel bar
bending machine[1]. In addition, the main key parts of the steel bar bending machine are designed. The
technology of the original steel bar bending machine is improved, which has the characteristics of large
diameter range of steel bar bending arc, large bending radius and high efficiency[2]. The motor is used
to provide the power system, and the corresponding reducer is configured to complete the related
functions of adjustable speed. It is suitable for completing a variety of different shapes of steel structures.
In fact, the bending machine is a work plane that rotates the steel bar in a plane. As shown in Fig. 1
schematic diagram of steel bar bending machine, the rotatable support block is adjusted by the lead
screw, so as to reduce the distance between the replaceable central pin and the steel bar. When the
working disc rotates, the bending pin on the disc will also rotate to press the steel bar to achieve the
purpose of the final steel bar.

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
MMEAT 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1986 (2021) 012097 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1986/1/012097

Fig. 1: Working principle diagram

2.2. Technical parameter

Diameter range of round steel bending arc of reinforcement Φ18mm～Φ28mm; Bending arc radius≥
50mm; Bending speed is 20m/min; The bending force is 2500N; Matching power YE3-100l-6 motor,
rated power is 1.5kW, speed is 920r/min; The rotating speed of disc is 21r/min.

3. Key parts design

3.1. Transmission design

3.1.1 Belt drive design

Considering the need of smooth transmission, vibration absorption, overload and slipping, V-belt
transmission is selected. Through design and calculation, three A-type V-belts are selected, and the
transmission ratio is four.

3.1.2 Reducer design

(1) Transmission gear
The gear parameters obtained by calculation and check are shown in table 1 and table 2:
Table 1 Parameter table of high speed shaft pinion and intermediate shaft pinion
Parameter Symbol pinion rack wheel
Number of teeth z 19 75
Pitch circle diameter d 57 225
Tooth width b 65 57
Center distance a 141 141

Table 2 Parameter table of counter shaft pinion and low speed shaft pinion
Parameter Symbol pinion rack wheel
Number of teeth z 30 83
Pitch circle diameter d 180 498
Tooth width b 186 180
Center distance a 339 339
(2) Parameters of each axis
According to the calculation of the minimum shaft diameter, the parameters of each shaft are obtained,
and the calculation and simulation results meet the design requirements.

2
MMEAT 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1986 (2021) 012097 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1986/1/012097

Table 3 High speed shaft parameters

Dimension parameter ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
Diameter 25 30 33 50 60 45 33 30
Length 48 50 16 180 10 63 9 30

Table 4 Intermediate shaft parameters

Dimension parameter ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦
Diameterd 30 33 60 80 60 33 30
Length 20 10 184 20 57 13 20

Table 5 Low speed shaft parameters

Dimension parameter ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
Diameterd 60 66 70 90 70 66 60 40
Length 30 6 180 20 70 8 22 60

3.2. Executive system design

3.2.1 Design of rotatable support block

The rotatable support block is mainly composed of turntable handle, turntable, lead screw, lead screw
nut, lead screw base, connecting seat, pin, support block, rotating shaft etc. The main purpose of this
device is to adjust the rotation position of the support block according to different bending core diameter,
so that different steel bars can bend different bending arcs. If the device is operated manually, it only
needs to be reasonably designed to ensure that it can rotate under the lead screw in and out.
As can be seen from the following figure, designing a slot can change the in and out linear movement
of the lead screw into the rotation of the support block.

Fig. 2: Graphic model of rotating support block Fig. 3: Analysis diagram of support block
According to the above analysis, the stress of the support block is concentrated on the edge. It can
be seen from the figure that most of the stress on the part is within the scope of safety permission, so the
design of the part meets the requirements.
According to the size of the reserved space of the worktable, the length of the screw rod is designed
as l=235mm. Through the actual rotation demonstration of the three-dimensional diagram, its range is
d=100mm. When the radius of the required arc is r≥150mm, the formula can be used[3]:
𝑆 𝑑 𝑟 0~100 150~d （1）
According to the size of the maximum bending core of the national standard steel bar bending and
the size of the actual design working disc, the maximum bending core diameter is 256.

3
MMEAT 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1986 (2021) 012097 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1986/1/012097

Fig. 4: Graphic model of lead screw

3.2.2 Design and analysis of disk

The bending disc is mainly used to place the steel bar, and the bending core of different specifications
can be placed in its center. Its material is steel grade 45, then quenched and antirust treated to make its
rigidity and hardness meet the requirements[4].
The main structure is that a large hole diameter is set in the center of the disc to make it fit with the
bent core. Around the big hole is the installation position of two circles of partial bending gear rod.
According to the requirements of the specification, the bending radius R≥150mm can be completed,
and the bending core range of HRB400 and HRB500 steel bars is 72mm~256mm in the range of 18mm
~ 28mm. Not exceeding the design requirements of 300mm arc diameter. Therefore, the design diameter
and bending of the product can meet the design requirements.

Fig. 5: Graphic model of disk Fig. 6: Analysis chart of disk

According to the above analysis, the stress of the disc is concentrated on the central edge, and it can
be seen from the figure that most of the stress on the part is within the scope of safety permission, so the
design of the part meets the requirements.

3.2.3 Design and analysis of bent core

The function of bending core is mainly to bind the bending steel bar to make the steel bar reach the
bending diameter required by the standard[5]. Setting bent core, on the other hand, also achieves the
purpose of saving materials. Using common bent core, its diameter is Φ=24mm. For bent cores larger
than 24mm in diameter, a hole with a diameter of Φ=24mm is drilled in the center. In this way, a common
bending core with a diameter of 24mm is saved for each bending core. The general structure is shown
below:

4
MMEAT 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1986 (2021) 012097 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1986/1/012097

Fig. 7: Graphic model of bent core Fig. 8: Analysis chart of bent core
According to the above analysis, the stress of the bent core is concentrated on the central edge, and
it can be seen from the figure that most of the stress on the part is within the scope of safety permission,
so the design of the part meets the requirements.

3.2.4 Design and analysis of bent core seat

According to the functional requirements of the bent core seat, the seat is connected to the disc position
by the key, and the flat key is added at two symmetrical positions, so that the torque is not only
concentrated on one key, which improves the practicability[6].
The design parameters are as follows:
1. Diameter setting d = 90mm.
2. Its length is superimposed according to the length of other parts to form L=97mm.
There is a core bending hole with diameter of 53mm and depth of 35mm.
Check the mechanical design manual to select 25mm×14mm, shaft depth 9mm, hub depth 5.4mm.
Through the above design, the key should connect a cushion block 30mm and a turntable 40mm, so the
length of the key is set as the thickness superposition of two parts, and the length of the key is 70mm.
In order to meet the requirements of torque transmission at the output shaft, two flat keys are arranged
180 degrees, as shown in Figure . The key is of non-standard design. In order to fit the thickness of the
shaft, the key is reduced by 2mm and the designed shaft depth is 5mm.

Fig. 9: Graphic model of bent core seat Fig. 10: Analysis chart of bent core seat

5
MMEAT 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1986 (2021) 012097 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1986/1/012097

According to the above analysis, the stress of the bent core seat is concentrated on the central edge,
and it can be seen from the figure that most of the stress on the part is within the scope of safety
permission, so the design of the part meets the requirements.

4.Conclusion
Through the research and investigation on the development of steel bar bending machine at home and
abroad, combined with the characteristics of threaded round steel, to ensure that on the basis of fully
meeting the requirements of modern steel bar bending machine, this steel bar bending machine is
designed for the purpose of reducing cost and miniaturization. This design mainly realizes the bending
of a variety of steel bars and bending diameters.

References
[1] Wang, B. (2019) Design and application of simple large arc steel bar bending device. 38(28):205-
207.
[2] Zhang, K.T. (2019) Finite element analysis and lightweight design of gantry 8000 bending machine.
Qingdao University.
[3] Pu, L.G, Chen, G.D, WU, L.Y. (2013) Machine design. Higher Education Press.
[4] Yang, H.M. (2019) Design of steel pipe bending machine. Southern agricultural machinery.
50(21):102+104.
[5] Wang, H.Q, Yu, Z.H, Zhang, J. (2018) Design and research of hydraulic driven steel bar bending
machine. Science and technology and economy in Inner Mongolia. 77+79.
[6] Bai, C.X ,Meng, S.M ,He, J.J. (2012) Structure design of a multifunctional steel bar bending
machine. Journal of Three Gorges University (Natural Science Edition). 34(04):72-76.