Biology P1 PPQ H
Biology P1 PPQ H
Biology P1 PPQ H
Revision Questions
Triple Higher
Page 1 of 51
B1 CELL BIOLOGY
Q1.
The image below shows some muscle cells from the wall of the stomach, as seen through
a light microscope.
(a) Describe the function of muscle cells in the wall of the stomach.
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(2)
Use a ruler to measure the length of the scale bar and then calculate the
magnification of the figure above.
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(2)
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(d) The muscle cells also contain many ribosomes. The ribosomes cannot be seen in
the figure above.
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(1)
(ii) Suggest why the ribosomes cannot be seen through a light microscope.
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Page 3 of 51
Q2.
(a) The concentration of sulfate ions was measured in the roots of barley plants and in
the water in the surrounding soil.
Soil 0.15
Is it possible for the barley roots to take up sulfate ions from the soil by diffusion?
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(2)
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(b) Some scientists investigated the amounts of sulfate ions taken up by barley roots in
the presence of oxygen and when no oxygen was present.
(i) The graph shows that the rate of sulfate ion uptake between 100 and 200
minutes, without oxygen, was 0.4 arbitrary units per minute.
The rate of sulfate ion uptake between 100 and 200 minutes, with oxygen,
was greater.
How much greater was it? Show clearly how you work out your answer.
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(ii) The barley roots were able to take up more sulfate ions with oxygen than
without oxygen.
Explain how.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 6 of 51
Q3.
(a) Some scientists investigated the rates of absorption of different sugars by the small
intestine.
Intestine poisoned by
Sugar Normal intestine
cyanide
(i) Name two sugars from the table which can be absorbed by active transport.
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Use evidence from the table to explain why you chose these sugars.
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(b) All of the sugars named in the table can be absorbed by diffusion.
Explain how information from the table provides evidence for this.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 8 of 51
B2 ORGANISATION
Q4.
Lipases break down lipids.
(a) Which two products are formed when lipids are broken down?
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Glucose
Glycerol
Glycogen
(2)
One model used to explain enzyme action is the ‘lock and key theory’.
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(3)
Page 9 of 51
(c) There are many different types of lipase in the human body.
Why does each different type of lipase act on only one specific type of lipid
molecule?
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Students investigated the presence of starch and glucose in the leaves of geranium
plants.
1 Place two identical geranium plants on a bench near a sunny window for two
days.
5 Test the liquid from each leaf for glucose and for starch.
(1)
(d) Describe how the students would find out if the liquid from the leaf contained
glucose.
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(3)
(e) Describe how the students would find out if the liquid from the leaf contained starch.
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(2)
Page 10 of 51
The table below shows the students’ results.
(f) Explain why the leaf in the light for four days contained both glucose and starch.
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(2)
(g) Explain why the leaf left in a cupboard with no light for two days did contain glucose
but did not contain starch.
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(3)
(h) Suggest one way the students could develop the investigation to find out more
about glucose and starch production in plants.
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(1)
(Total 17 marks)
Page 11 of 51
Q5.
Figure 1 shows a cross section of a leaf.
Figure 1
A B C D
(1)
(b) Which cell structure in a leaf mesophyll cell is not found in a root hair cell?
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(1)
(c) Name the cells in a leaf that control the rate of water loss.
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(1)
(d) Water is taken in by the roots, transported up the plant and lost from the leaves.
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(1)
Page 12 of 51
(e) Which change would decrease the rate of water loss from a plant’s leaves?
Increased humidity
Increased temperature
(1)
(f) Compare the structure and function of xylem tissue and phloem tissue.
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(6)
Page 13 of 51
Figure 2 shows the total volume of water lost from a plant over 6 hours.
Figure 2
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Page 14 of 51
(h) The rate of water loss at midnight was much lower than at 12:00
Explain why.
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(2)
(Total 17 marks)
Page 15 of 51
Q6.
The figure below shows the internal structure of the human heart.
(a) Explain why a person with a leaking heart valve has difficulty exercising.
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(4)
Page 16 of 51
A patient with a leaking heart valve may have the valve replaced.
• mechanical valves
The data used in the study was collected from female patients aged 50–69.
Mechanical Biological
(b) Give one conclusion about the death of patients from heart-related problems after a
valve replacement.
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(3)
(c) One risk of mechanical valves is that blood clots can form on the surface of the
valve.
Name the component of the blood that starts the process of blood clotting.
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(1)
Page 17 of 51
(d) Evaluate the use of mechanical replacement heart valves and biological
replacement heart valves.
Use information from the table above and your own knowledge.
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(6)
(Total 14 marks)
Page 18 of 51
B3 INFECTION AND RESPONSE
Q7.
White blood cells protect the body against pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
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(1)
(ii) White blood cells produce antibodies. This is one way white blood cells protect
us against pathogens.
Give two other ways that white blood cells protect us against pathogens.
1. ____________________________________________________________
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2. ____________________________________________________________
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(2)
What does the doctor inject into the child to make the child immune to
measles?
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(2)
Page 19 of 51
(ii) A few weeks after the vaccination, the child becomes infected with measles
viruses from another person.
The graph shows the number of measles antibodies in the child’s blood from
before the vaccination until after the infection.
More measles antibodies are produced after the infection than after the
vaccination.
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(3)
(iii) Vaccination against the measles virus will not protect the child against the
rubella virus.
Why?
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(1)
Page 20 of 51
(c) What is the advantage of vaccinating a large proportion of the population against
measles?
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(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 21 of 51
Q8.
A virus called RSV causes severe respiratory disease.
(a) Suggest two precautions that a person with RSV could take to reduce the spread of
the virus to other people.
1. _________________________________________________________________
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2. _________________________________________________________________
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(2)
(b) One treatment for RSV uses monoclonal antibodies which can be injected into the
patient.
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(3)
(c) Describe how injecting a monoclonal antibody for RSV helps to treat a patient
suffering with the disease.
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(2)
Page 22 of 51
A trial was carried out to assess the effectiveness of using monoclonal antibodies to treat
patients with RSV.
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(1)
A number of patients had to be admitted to hospital as they became so ill with RSV.
(e) Calculate the total number of patients admitted to hospital with RSV during the trial.
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(f) Evaluate how well the data in the table above supports the conclusion:
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(2)
(Total 12 marks)
Page 23 of 51
Q9.
People may be immunised against diseases using vaccines.
(a) (i) Which part of the vaccine stimulates the body’s defence system?
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(2)
(ii) A person has been vaccinated against measles. The person comes in contact
with the measles pathogen. The person does not catch measles.
Explain why.
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(3)
Page 24 of 51
(b) A man catches a disease. The man has not been immunised against this disease.
A doctor gives the man a course of antibiotics.
The graph shows how the number of live disease bacteria in the body changes
when the man is taking the antibiotics.
(i) Four days after starting the course of antibiotics the man feels well again.
It is important that the man does not stop taking the antibiotics.
Explain why.
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(2)
Page 25 of 51
(ii) Occasionally a new, resistant strain of a pathogen appears.
Explain why.
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(3)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 26 of 51
B4 BIOENERGETICS
Q10.
All living cells respire.
Describe how glucose from the small intestine is moved to a muscle cell.
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(2)
Page 27 of 51
What is the purpose of the liquid paraffin in Tube A?
To prevent evaporation
(1)
(c) The indicator solution in Tube B shows changes in the concentration of carbon
dioxide (CO2).
What colour would you expect the indicator to be in Tube B during maximum rate of
anaerobic respiration?
Blue
Green
Yellow
(1)
(d) Suggest how the experiment could be changed to give a reproducible way to
measure the rate of the reaction.
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Page 28 of 51
(2)
(e) Compare anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell with anaerobic respiration in a muscle
cell.
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(3)
(Total 9 marks)
Page 29 of 51
Q11.
Low light intensity is one factor that limits the yield of a crop.
In Britain, many tomato growers use artificial lights to increase the yield of tomato crops.
The table shows the amount of natural daylight and artificial lamplight received by a
tomato crop grown in a greenhouse.
Page 30 of 51
(a) Describe the pattern for the amount of light energy received from natural daylight by
a tomato plant during the day.
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(3)
(b) A tomato plant needs 600 J of light energy per cm2 each day to grow and produce
tomatoes.
Use this information and data from the table to suggest an explanation for the
pattern of the artificial light given to the tomato plants.
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 31 of 51
Q12.
(a) Complete the equation for photosynthesis.
light
energy
____________ + ____________ ____________ + oxygen
(2)
The scientists used the rate of oxygen production by the leaf discs to show the rate
of photosynthesis.
(i) The leaf discs did not produce any oxygen in the dark.
Why?
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(1)
Explain why.
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(2)
Page 32 of 51
(c) In their investigation, the scientists measured the rate of oxygen release by the leaf
discs in the light. The scientists then measured the rate of oxygen uptake by the leaf
discs in the dark.
Use the information from the graph to answer each of the following questions.
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(2)
Page 33 of 51
(ii) Explain the effect of temperature on oxygen production in the light when the
temperature is increased:
from 25 °C to 35 °C
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from 40 °C to 50 °C.
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(2)
(d) A farmer in the UK wants to grow orange trees in a greenhouse. He wants to sell the
oranges he produces at a local market.
He decides to heat the greenhouse to 35 °C.
Explain why he should not heat the greenhouse to a temperature higher than 35 °C.
Use information from the graph in your answer.
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(3)
(Total 12 marks)
Page 34 of 51
Mark schemes
Q1.
(a) contract / shorten
ignore relax
do not allow expand
1
(b) 400
acceptable range 390-410
allow 1 mark for answer in range of 39 to 41
allow 1 mark for answer in range of 3900 to 4100
2
Page 35 of 51
Q2.
(a) No
no mark
if yes max 1 for correct statement
requires energy
or
Page 36 of 51
Q3.
(a) (i) glucose and galactose
1
Evidence:
Explanation:
(b) all / the sugars / they can be absorbed when gut poisoned / with
cyanide or when no respiration
1
Page 37 of 51
Q4.
(a) fatty acids
1
glycerol
1
(b) enzyme binds to the substrate because they are complementary (shapes)
allow enzyme joins to the substrate because they
fit together exactly
allow enzyme joins to the substrate because the
substrate fits the active site
ignore reference to specificity do not accept
same shape
1
(c) each active site has a specific shape (so only fits one type of lipid molecule)
allow each active site is a different shape
do not accept reference to the substrate having
an active site
1
boil / heat
allow any temperature of 65 °C or above
1
(if glucose is present the blue) colour changes to yellow / green / orange /
brown / (brick) red
1
(if starch is present) it changes colour to blue / black (from yellow / orange /
brown)
1
Page 38 of 51
(excess) glucose converted to starch
allow (excess) glucose is stored as starch
1
(so the glucose can be) used for respiration / (named) metabolic reactions
or (so the glucose can be) used to release energy
do not accept idea of energy being produced /
created / made
1
Page 39 of 51
Q5.
(a) A
1
(b) chloroplast(s)
ignore chlorophyll
1
(f) Level 2: Scientifically relevant features are identified; the way(s) in which they
are similar/different is made clear and (where appropriate) the magnitude of
the similarity/difference is noted.
4−6
No relevant content.
0
Indicative content:
Structure
• xylem is made of dead cells
and
phloem is made of living cells
• phloem cells have pores in their end walls
and
xylem cells do not have pores in their end walls
• xylem is hollow or xylem does not contain cytoplasm
and
phloem contains cytoplasm
• xylem contains lignin
and
phloem does not (contain lignin)
Function
• xylem transports water / mineral ions
and
phloem transports (dissolved) sugars
• xylem is involved in transpiration
and
phloem is involved in translocation
• xylem transports unidirectionally
and
phloem transports bidirectionally
Page 40 of 51
• both transport liquids / substances throughout the stem / leaves / roots /
plant
For Level 2, students must refer to both structure and function of xylem and
phloem tissue.
Page 41 of 51
Q6.
(a) Level 2: Relevant points (reasons/causes) are identified, given in detail and logically
linked to form a clear account.
3–4
No relevant content
0
Indicative content:
• backflow can occur or some blood flows backwards
• less blood leaves the heart or less blood is pumped around the body or
some blood stays in the heart (instead of being pumped out) or reduced
blood pressure or reduced flow rate
• less oxygen supplied to muscles / cells
• (so) less aerobic respiration
• (so) less energy released
• (so) less (efficient) muscle contraction
• anaerobic respiration takes place
• less (efficient) removal of lactic acid or lactic acid builds up or oxygen
debt occurs
• (lactic acid building up) causes muscle fatigue
• less (efficient) removal of carbon dioxide (from blood)
a level 2 response should refer to both respiration and the effects on exercise
(b)
ignore raw numbers from the table
Page 42 of 51
if no other marks awarded, allow for 1 mark
chance of death after a valve replacement is
8% / 7.77247% or correctly rounded value
1
(c) platelets
allow thrombocytes
1
Level 2: Some logically linked reasons are given. There may also be a simple
judgement.
3–4
Level 1: Relevant points are made. They are not logically linked.
1–2
No relevant content
0
Indicative content:
mechanical valves
• longer lasting or more durable or don’t wear out as easily or less likely
to need replacing (within 6 years)
• blood clots (on the brain) are more likely (after surgery)
• patient has to take anti-clotting medication (for the rest of their lives)
• if medication not taken (correctly), clots can lead to blood clots on brain /
heart attack
• medication can lead to excessive bleeding (after injury)
• some patients say they can hear the valves opening and closing
• survival rate at 5 years is slightly higher for mechanical valve
• lower percentage of deaths due to heart-related problems
biological valves
• no additional medication required
• ethical issues surrounding use of animal tissue
• valve may harden
• more likely to need further operation or another new valve
• more likely to be rejected
• more likely to need (immuno-suppressant) medication
both valves
• both are readily available
• little wait time
Page 43 of 51
Q7.
(a) (i) any one from:
Page 44 of 51
Q8.
(a) any two from:
• regular hand washing
or
use hand sanitiser / alcohol gel
• cover nose / mouth when coughing / sneezing
allow wear a face mask
• put used tissues (straight) in the bin
• don’t kiss uninfected people
allow isolate patient from others
or
don’t share cutlery / cups / drinks with uninfected people
• clean / disinfect / sterilise surfaces regularly
ignore responses referring to infected people
2
(d) as a control
or
to see / compare the effects of the treatment (vs. no treatment)
1
114
an answer of 114 scores 2 marks
allow 228 for 1 mark
1
Page 45 of 51
or
other factors may have affected those admitted to hospital
allow correct named factor e.g. age / gender / other illness
or
don’t know if it was a double blind trial
1
[12]
Page 46 of 51
Q9.
(a) (i) dead / inactive / weakened
allow antigen / protein
ignore ref to other components
ignore small amount
1
would reproduce
ignore mutation / growth
1
these reproduce
1
Page 47 of 51
Q10.
(a) glucose is absorbed by diffusion into the bloodstream
1
(c) yellow
1
(d) collect the CO2 / gas with a measuring cylinder / gas syringe
1
Page 48 of 51
Q11.
(a) low in winter / named months /when the days are short
accept increases in spring / Dec – June
1
OR
OR
for 2 marks:
percentage increase in growth from artificial] light only significant in winter
2
[5]
Page 49 of 51
Q12.
(a) LHS: carbon dioxide AND water
in either order
accept CO2 and H2O
allow CO2 and H2O
if names given ignore symbols
do not accept CO2 / H2O / Co / CO
ignore balancing
1
or
use of figures, ie
max. production at 40 °C
or maximum rate of 37.5 to 38
1
(ii) 25 – 35 °C
40 – 50 °C
Page 50 of 51
so waste of money or less profit / expensive
1
Page 51 of 51