(i) What is the name of the process which takes place in living cells in your body and which

1 releases energy from oxygen and glucose?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Name the two products of the process in part (i).

_______________________________ and _______________________________

(1)
(Total 2 marks)

The graph shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air in a greenhouse full of tomato
2 plants, measured over a period of 24 hours.

(a) Explain why the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air in the greenhouse increased
between X and Y.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

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 (b) Explain why the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air in the greenhouse decreased
between Y and Z.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

(a) Respiration is a process which takes place in living cells. What is the purpose of
3 respiration?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) (i) Balance the equation for the process of respiration when oxygen is available.

C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H 2O
(1)

(ii) What is the name of the substance in the equation with the formula C6H12O6?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Oxygen is absorbed through the alveoli in the lungs.

(i) How are the alveoli adapted for this function?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(ii) Name the gas which is excreted through the alveoli.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) (i) What is the name of the process of respiration when oxygen is not available?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

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 (ii) Describe the process of respiration which takes place in human beings when oxygen
is not available and give an effect.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

In an investigation four groups of athletes were studied. The maximum rate of oxygen
4 consumption for each athlete was measured and the mean for each group was calculated. The
athletes then ran 10 mile races and the mean of the best times was calculated for each group.
The results are shown in the table below.

(i) What is the relationship between maximum rate of oxygen consumption and time for a 10
mile race?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

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 (ii) Suggest an explanation for this relationship.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 4 marks)

(a) Balance the following equation for photosynthesis.

5
______ CO2 + ______ H2O → C6HI2O6 + ______ O2
(1)

(b) Give two conditions necessary for photosynthesis apart from a suitable temperature range
and the availability of water and carbon dioxide.

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________
(2)

(a) Plants have leaves which contain guard cells and palisade cells. Explain how each of these
kinds of cell assists photosynthesis.

Guard cells _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

Palisade cells _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

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 (d) Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. Give three uses which green plants make of
glucose.

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

A plant with variegated (two-coloured) leaves was left in sunlight for several hours. Pieces of
6 one of its leaves were then detached (removed) and tested for sugar. The diagram below shows
the results.

Explain, as fully as you can, why the yellow region of the leaf had not produced sugar.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)

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 Fermentation of sugar by yeast produces carbon dioxide.
7
The graph shows the effect of temperature on the production of carbon dioxide by fermentation.

(a) By how much did the volume of carbon dioxide collected change when the temperature
was raised from 30°C to 40°C?

________________________________________ cm3
(1)

(b) Complete the sentences to explain the shape of the curve between X and Y.

Raising the temperature _________________ the speed of the reacting particles.

These particles collide more _________________ and more _________________ .

(3)
(Total 4 marks)

Green plants make food in their leaves.

8
(a) From where do the leaves get the energy that they need to make food?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

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(b) The graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis.

(i) Between which temperatures is the rate of photosynthesis fastest?

_______________ and _______________ °C

(1)

(ii) Suggest why the rate of photosynthesis stays the same between these two
temperatures.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

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 (iii) A greenhouse owner wants to grow lettuces as quickly and cheaply as possible in
winter.

At what temperature should he keep his greenhouse in order to grow the lettuces as
quickly and cheaply as possible?

_______________ °C

Explain your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

(a) Complete the equation for photosynthesis.

9

(2)

(b) The diagram below is printed in a plant care manual.

Use information from the diagram to answer the following questions.

(i) Name one type of plant which could live on the floor of a dense forest in the middle of
summer.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

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(ii) Explain the reason for your answer to (i) above.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) The drawing shows one type of plant with variegated leaves.

The manual says that these plants need direct sunlight.

Suggest and explain why this plant needs ‘some direct sunlight’ in order to develop
satisfactorily.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(iv) The drawing shows a cactus.

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 Suggest and explain why cacti can only develop satisfactorily if they receive
full sunlight.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

A student breathed out into an empty breathing bag five times.

10

After breathing out five times the volume of air in the bag was measured.
The volume was 3000 cm3.

(a) Complete the following sentences.

The air the student breathed in would contain more ____________________ than the air
the student breathed out.

The air the student breathed out would contain more ___________________ than the air
the student breathed in.
(2)

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(b) The student then did some exercise for two minutes. The volume breathed out in five
breaths was again measured. This time there was 9000 cm3 of air in the bag.

What does this tell you about the effect of exercise on breathing?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) (i) Name the chemical process that releases energy when it takes place in the cells of
the body.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Name the substances produced by this process.

_____________________________ and _____________________________

(2)

(iii) Explain as fully as you can why this process has to take place more rapidly
during exercise.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

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Mark schemes
(i) (aerobic) respiration
1
do not credit anaerobic respiration
accept cellular respiration
1

(ii) carbon dioxide and water (vapour)

both required
do not credit heat
1
[2]

(a) respiration
2
reject start respiring / respire only at night
1

no photosynthesis because no light

1

(b) photosynthesis rate greater than respiration rate

1
reject no respiration / photosynthesis only

photosynthesis since light

1
[4]

(a) to transfer / provide / give release energy

3
or production of ATP / adenosine triphosphate (molecules)
accept to give heat
1

(b) (i) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

accept any other
n : 6n : 6n : 6n ratio
do not credit if any other changes have been made
1

(ii) glucose
do not credit sugar / sucrose
1

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 (c) (i) any two from

large surface

thin (surface)

moist (surface)

(with a good) blood supply

2

(ii) carbon dioxide

accept water vapour
do not credit just water
1

(d) (i) anaerobic (respiration)

1

(ii) any three from

in mitochondria

glucose decomposes / breaks down / reacts

or glucose → lactic acid for (2) marks

to give lactic acid

or breathing hard
or lactic acid → CO2 + water

causing pain

(leaving an) oxygen debt

(quick) source of energy

(but) less efficient than aerobic respiration

accept less efficient than with oxygen
3
[10]

(i) the higher the rate of oxygen consumption, the shorter the
4 time taken to complete
for 1 mark
1

(ii) the faster oxygen is taken into the blood,

the faster energy can be released in the muscles,
and the faster the athlete can run
for 1 mark each
3
[4]

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 (a) 666
5
all required
accept a ’6n 6 n n 6n’ version of the balanced equation provided it
is correct in every detail
1

(b) any two of

• (presence of) chlorophyll or (amount of) chloroplasts

accept green leaves (or other green parts)

• (sufficient) light (intensity)

• (light) of a suitable wavelength

any light other than green light
do not credit Sun’s energy or sunshine or Sun
2

(c) guard cells

any two of

* control by osmosis
* the movement of gases
accept movement of carbon dioxide or oxygen or water vapour
beware movement of CO2 out
accept a diagram or description

* through the stoma

2

palisade cells

any two of

* near the upper surface

* contain (a great) many or more chloroplasts
* (so) contain the most chlorophyll
2

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 (d) any three of

* for respiration
* conversion to (insoluble) starch

or to food store or to (other)carbohydrates

* (conversion to) sucrose or to food store or to (other) carbohydrates

or polysaccharides
do not credit just to grow or live
or survive
accept conversion to food store
or to (other) carbohydrates once only

* (conversion to) lipids or fats or oils

* (conversion to) amino acids or (plant) proteins or auxins or (plant) hormones or enzymes
3
[10]

Does not contain chlorophyll which is needed to absorb light or energy

6
each for 1 mark
[2]

(a) 11
7
accept 10.5 – 11.5
1

(b) ideas of

increase / rises
1

frequently / often
1

energetically / violently
1
[4]

(a) Sun / sunlight / light

8
for 1 mark
1

(b) (i) 21.5 – 22 and 27 – 27.5

for 1 mark
1

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 (ii) ideas of limiting factor / shortage of
e.g. light / carbon dioxide / water /chlorophyll
each for 1 mark
(allow 1 for ‘maximum’ rate of enzyme activity if
no reference to limiting factors)
(ignore reference to dematuring)
2

(iii) 21.5 – 22° C

(allow first figure from answer to (i) so that no ‘double-penalty’ but
not below 20)

maximum rate of photosynthesis

(can relate to any number on ‘flat’)

most economical heating (must relate to left end of ‘flat’

each for 1 mark
3
[7]

(a) carbon dioxide

9 oxygen
2

(b) (i) e.g. rubber plant/fern

1

(ii) because can tolerate low light levels

1

(iii) yellow parts of leaf do not contain chlorophyll therefore more light
needed for photosynthesis
2

(iv) no leaves/only have stem only have small area which can
photosynthesise
2
[8]

(a) oxygen,
10 carbon dioxide or water (vapour)
for 1 mark each
2

(b) idea of more air per breath/deeper breaths

for 1 mark
1

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(c) (i) respiration
for 1 mark
1

(ii) carbon dioxide,

water
for 1 mark each
2

(iii) more energy required,

for increased muscular activity
for 1 mark each
2
[8]

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