231/1 - BIOLOGY -Paper 1

March 2018 –2 hours

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Name ...................................................... Index Number.................................................

Candidate’s Signature............................. Date ..............................................................

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Instructions to Candidates

(a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
(d) This paper consists of 7 printed pages
(e) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are
printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
(f) Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
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For Examiner’s Use Only

Questions 1- 24 Maximum score Candidates score

80

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1. The diameter off field of view of a light microscope is 6.5mm. Plant cells lying
across the diameter are 12. Determine the size of 1cell in micrometers (2mks)
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2. List two structural adaptations that make xylem vessels suitable for transport
of water and minerals salts (2mks)
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3. The equation below represents a certain biological process in cells.
C6H6 +6O2 6CO2 +6H2O +ATP
a) i) Name the biological process (1mk)
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ii) Name the cell organelle where the process occurs.
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4. Name the tissue whose cells are thickened with cellulose and pectin. (1mk)
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5. a) i) Distinguish between the lymphocytes and phagocytes. (2mks)
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ii) Name the enzyme in erythrocytes that speeds up conversion of carbon (IV)
oxide to carbonic acid. (1mk)

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b) Name the disease that causes thickening and hardening of arteries

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6. The diagram below illustrates part of a nephron from a mammalian kidney.

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 a) Name the fluid in the part labelled Q. (1mk)
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b) Identity the process responsible for the formation of the tissue named in (a)
above. (1mk)
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c) Which two hormones exert their effect in the nephron? (1mk)
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7. i) When are two organisms considered to belong to the same species? (2mks)
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ii) Explain any two external features that distinguish organisms of class insect
and class arachnida. (2mks)
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8. Certain animals have the following dental formula
A ;I 3/3, C1/1, PM 4/4, M 2/3 B ; I 0/3, C 0/1, PM 2/2, M 3/3
i) What is the most likely mode of feeding for animals A and B?
(2mks)
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ii) Give a reason for your answer in (i) above.
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9. Name the Disease characterized by
a) Glycosuria. _________________________________ (1mk)
b) Diuresis _________________________________ (1mk)

10. a) The figure below illustrates a portion of a chromosome with genes named A,
B, C, S, Q and R.

A B C S Q R

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 Use the diagrams similar to the ones above to illustrate the changes if the above
chromosome undergoes the following mutations affecting only gene C and S.
i) Deletion. (1mk)

ii) Inversion. (1mk)

b)Human-inherited features can be grouped under two headings as follows.

Group A Group B

Weight, intelligence, height tongue rolling, blood group, eye

colour

What is the genetic explanation for the difference between the 2 groups. (2mks)

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11. a) The diagram below represents a stage in cell division

i) Identify the stage of cell division represented above and give a reason
for your answer. (2mks)
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ii) State two differences between mitosis and meiosis. (2mks)

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b)State the function of structure X. (1mk)
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12. a) Giraffes and zebras coexist in the same habitat harmoniously. Explain.
(2mks)

a) Explain why denitrification occurs mainly in waterlogged soils. (2mks)

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13. a) Differentiate between gaseous exchange and respiration. (2mks)
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b)Briefly explain two adaptive features present in animal respiratory surfaces
that are absent in plant respiratory surfaces. (2mks)
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14. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow

a) Name the process by which the molecules

i) D moves from A to B. _________________________ (1mk)
ii) C moves from B to A. _________________________ (1mk)
b) State two importances of a cell membrane in active transport
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15. a) Pregnancy continues if the ovary of an expectant mother is removed after 4

months. Explain. (2mks)

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b)Below is a diagram of a structure found in plants.

i) Identify the structure above._____________________ (1mk)

ii) Name the part labelled M. ________________________ (1mk)
16. Name the branches of biology that involve the study of:
i) Organisms for the sake of classification. (1mk)
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ii) Birds. _________________________________________(1mk)
17. a)A student curved in the initials of his name in the bark of a young tree at a
height of 1.5m above the ground. 3 years later, the initials were found at the
same height although the tree had grown some metres taller. Explain this
observation. (2mks)

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b)Below is a growth curve showing increase in length of the short horned
grasshopper.

i) What is the name given to such a growth curve?. (1mk)

______________________ _____________________________________
ii) Name the parts of the curve labelled R and T. (2mks)
R__________________________________________________________
T__________________________________________________________

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18. Oil can be applied on stagnant water to control the spread of malaria.
a) How does this practice work? (2mks)
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b) Give two reasons why this practice should be discouraged. (2mks)
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19. The diagram below represents a simple cycle of common biological processes.
process (i)

H20 + CO2
Substance B

Process (ii)

a) i) Name processes (i) and (ii) (2mks)

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ii)Identify the product B. (1mk)
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b) State two differences between processes (i) and (ii)
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20. Name the organism that causes the following diseases. (2mks)
i) Malaria ______________________________________
ii) HIV/AIDS _______________________________________

21. a)The table below represents Certain aspects of the circulatory system in
Certain animals. Fill in the missing spaces (2mks)

Heart No. Of atria No. Of Type of circulatory system.

ventricles

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 A 2 1

B 1 1

b)Give an example of the class of organisms with each of the types of

circulatory systems in (a) above. (2mks)
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22. Calculate the respiration quotient of the oxidation reaction below.
2C51H98O6 + 145O2 102CO2 + 98H2O + Energy
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23. The diagram below shows a newly germinated seedling with ink marks 2mm
apart. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

a) Which region would you expect to be the longest after 5 days of further
growth?
______________________________________________________(1mk)
b) In which region will you expect a lot of cell division?
_________________(1mk)
c) In which region will the root hairs mostly appear?
___________________(1mk)
24. Name the components of a DNA molecule. (3mks)
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