Script For Waves and Optics

The eye lens is composed of fibrous, jelly-type material.
The curvature of the eye lens can be

adjusted to a certain level with the aid of ciliary muscles. A change in the curvature of the eye
lens can change its focal length. The eye lens becomes thin, and the focal length increases
when the muscles of the eyes are relaxed. The objects at a distance can be viewed clearly
when the focal length increases. To see the objects that are close by, the ciliary muscles
contract and increase the curvature of the lens and hence decrease the focal length. The ability
of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation.
Defects in the eye happen due to many reasons. Due to growing age, the vision also decreases,
and when the focal length alters, the vision also alters. We know that cataract is a common
defect seen in the eye. Cataracts cause partial or sometimes complete vision loss when not
treated properly. When the crystalline lens at old age becomes milky and cloudy, it is known as
a cataract. When a person undergoes cataract surgery, the vision can be restored.
When the eye loses its ability to adjust its focal length, problems appear like a person cannot
see the image correctly (blurring of vision), unable to view nearby objects or far away objects.
When the defect in the refractive index occurs, the person cannot see the objects comfortably
and distinctly. If not taken timely care of, the eyes might completely lose the power of
accommodation. Let us learn about various vision defects and their correction.
The shape of the eye is very important in keeping the things we see in focus. If the shape of the
eye changes, it affects a person’s vision.
What Causes Vision Problems?

Vision is a fine-tuned process. All the parts of the eye — and the brain — need to work together
so a person can see correctly. Because the eye's structure is so complex, though, a lot of things
can go wrong.
Some of the most common eye problems are refractive errors. These are the problems that eye
doctors check for routinely in a vision test. Refraction means bending of light rays to focus the
light coming from an image. Refractive errors are problems with the focusing of the eye,
because of the way the eye is shaped, which causes the image you see to be blurred.
Refractive Defects of Vision

Some of the common defects of vision are:
(i) Myopia or near-sightedness
(ii) Hypermetropia or far-sightedness
(iii) Astigmatism
(iv) Presbyopia
Normally, light focuses precisely onto the retina at a location called the focal point.
But what happens if the eye is longer than normal?
Myopia or Near-Sightedness
Myopia is commonly known as near-sightedness. In this

condition, the person can see the objects nearby but
cannot see distant objects clearly.
This is because a nearsighted eye is elongated or longer

from front to back than a normal eye causing light to be
focused in front of the retina instead of directly onto it.
Myopia condition takes place when the shape of the eyes

leads the light rays to bend in a wrong way, focusing images in front of the retina rather than
focusing on the retina. As a result, the photosensitive cells of the retina pick up a blurry image.
So ano ng ba ang symptoms nito?

Blurry vision
Difficulty in seeing while driving, particularly during night times
Headaches due to eyestrain
How can this be corrected?

By placing concave lenses in front of a nearsighted eye reduces the refraction of light and
lengthens the focal length so that the image is formed on the retina. A concave lens corrects
myopia by being thinner at the center and thicker at the edge. It diverges light rays entering the
eye so they focus a little further back, landing directly on the retina instead of in front of it.
So what if naman eye is shorter than normal?

Hypermetropia or Far-Sightedness
Hypermetropia is commonly known as far-sightedness. In

this condition, the person can see objects at a distance but
cannot see nearby objects clearly. This is because the
eyeball is too short, as is the distance that light travels from
lens to retina. Therefore, the image comes into focus
behind the retina, causing distant objects to appear clear,
whereas close ones do not come into proper focus.
No nga ba ang symptoms nito?

Blurry vision
Headaches due to eyestrain
Squinting
How can it be corrected?
A convex lens is used to correct farsightedness because it directs the focal point back onto the
retina. Because it increases refraction, and accordingly reduces the focal length.
An uneven or irregularly shaped cornea also distorts the image that forms at the retina. Example
of this is astigmatism.
Astigmatism
Astigmatism is a common eye problem that can make your

vision blurry or distorted. It happens when your cornea (the
clear front layer of your eye) or lens (an inner part of your eye
that helps the eye focus) has a different shape than normal.
Astigmatism is an imperfection in the curvature of your eye's

cornea or lens. If you have astigmatism it means that your eye
is not round, and instead is shaped like a football.
This causes some of the light rays to focus on the retina and some to focus in front or behind
the retina. This visual distortion can produce shadows, double images, or ghosting. This is
because an astigmatic eye struggles to project the light at a single point of the corneal wall and
causes it to scatter. The scattering of light gives us a distorted or blurred vision. With
astigmatism your vision is blurry at all distances (mapa near or far man ito)
Here are the Symptoms of astigmatism

● Blurred or distorted vision
● Eyestrain or discomfort
● Headaches
● Difficulty with night vision
● Squinting
How can it be corrected?

Astigmatism can be treated by the use of cylindrical lenses. The lenses are shaped to
counteract the shape of the sections of the cornea that are causing the difficulty.
Besides eyeglasses and contact lenses, astigmatism can be treated with refractive surgeries.
One of the most common is the laser eye surgery called laser assisted in situ keratomileusis
(LASIK), which reshapes the cornea and can correct both astigmatism and either
nearsightedness or farsightedness.
Presbyopia
Presbyopia is the gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus

on nearby objects. It's a natural, often annoying part of
aging.
We know that along with age, the power of the

accommodation factor to adjust the focal length also
decreases. People have difficulties viewing nearby objects
clearly without the assistance of corrective eyeglasses. This
condition is referred to as presbyopia. Presbyopia happens
when the ciliary muscles weaken and diminish the elasticity of the eye lens. The term
“presbyopia” comes from a Greek word which means “old eye.” You may start to notice
presbyopia shortly after age 40. You will probably find that you hold reading materials farther
away in order to see them clearly.
Symptoms:
● Blurred vision due to aging
● Headaches due to eyestrain
Correction: If presbyopia is your only vision problem (you do not have nearsightedness,
farsightedness or astigmatism), glasses may be all you need. Reading glasses help correct
close-up vision problems by bending (refracting) light before it enters your eye. Minor surgery,
Lens implants or lasik also helps in restoring the vision with better clarity.
FOR OUR ACTIVITY
YOU ARE TASKED TO LABEL THE PARTS OF THE EYE
FIRST UNA NATING ILELABEL YUNG OUTER PARTS OF THE EYE. ANYONE WHO CAN
ANSWER MISSING NUMBER 1?
References:
https://completeeyecare.com/types-of-vision/
https://byjus.com/physics/defects-of-vision-and-their-correction/#:~:text=Correction%20%3A%20
This%20condition%20can%20be,lenses%20or%20through%20surgical%20interventions.
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eyes.html
https://youtu.be/YcedXDN6a88
Optometry is the branch of healthcare that aims to perfect your vision. Most often, this involves
prescribing lenses to correct for refractive errors: problems with the eyes’ natural focusing
system. In a normal eye, the cornea and lens refract — that is, bend — incoming light so that its
focal point (the point where light rays come together) is projected directly onto the surface of the
retina. This provides us with clear and crisp vision.
But when refractive errors are present, this focusing system doesn’t work properly, causing
images to appear blurred. This is the point at which most people will schedule their eye exam.
To correct for refractive errors, optometrists use two major types of lenses.
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The eye lens is composed of fibrous, jelly-type material.

The curvature of the eye lens can be

What Causes Vision Problems?

Refractive Defects of Vision

(i) Myopia or near-sightedness

(ii) Hypermetropia or far-sightedness

But what happens if the eye is longer than normal?

Myopia is commonly known as near-sightedness. In this

This is because a nearsighted eye is elongated or longer

Myopia condition takes place when the shape of the eyes

So ano ng ba ang symptoms nito?

How can this be corrected?

So what if naman eye is shorter than normal?

Hypermetropia is commonly known as far-sightedness. In

No nga ba ang symptoms nito?

Astigmatism is a common eye problem that can make your

Astigmatism is an imperfection in the curvature of your eye's

Here are the Symptoms of astigmatism

How can it be corrected?

Presbyopia is the gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus

We know that along with age, the power of the

FOR OUR ACTIVITY

YOU ARE TASKED TO LABEL THE PARTS OF THE EYE

More of these and other types of flowers, coming soon!!

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