AIR LAW

1. A pilot in command, subject to ATC approval, may conduct special VFR

operations:
a. Within a CTR, with a cloud base of at least 600ft and visibility at
least 1500m.

2. Information regarding the latest restricted areas which may affect flights
may be found:
a. In the latest AIP, AIP SUP, AIC’
s and NOTAM.

3. A list of signals for use by intercepting aircraft must be carried:

a. On all flights

4. “Date of Application”when used in connection with the issuing, renewal or

reissuing of a licence, certificate or rating means:
a. The date on which the application is received in the prescribed
form by the Comissioner.

5. An Aerodrome Traffic Zone is defined as an airspace of defined dimension at

an aerodrome:
a. Which is controlled airspace and where aerodrome control is in
operation

6. The carriage of a standard first aid kit is required:

a. In all aircraft

7. If an intercepting aircraft, rocking its wings appears in front and to the left of
an intercepted aircraft. This means:
a. Follow me away from a prohibited area

8. Unless instructed to do otherwise by an ATSU, an aircraft flying at or below

1500ft above the surface following a line feature:
a. Shall fly to the right of the line feature

9. To an aircraft in flight at an aerodrome, a steady green light shall mean:

a. Cleared to land

10. The Signal shown in figure below, when displayed in the signal area of an
aerodrome means:

a. Agricultural flight are in operation

11. A pilot without a night rating shall not act as Pilot In Command of an aircraft,
carrying a passenger by day, unless such pilot has carried out at least:
a. Three take offs and landings within the ninety days immediately
preceding the flight

12. The holder of a pilot licence must undergo periodic proficiency checks for
the revalidation of a rating unless he or she has successfully passed a
revalidation check or an initial skill test in the same category of aircraft within
the previous:
a. 24 months

13. No aircraft shall be operated at night unless:

a. It is equipped with a serviceable rotating beacon

14. “
Day”is the period between:
a. 15 minutes before sunrise to 15 minutes after sunset

15. Prior to undergoing the revalidation skill test a private pilot must have flown
a minimum of:
a. 3 hours as pilot in command in the preceding 6 months

16. An applicant for an initial single pilot multi engine type rating must have
completed, on a multi engine aeroplane, a minimum of:
a. 6 hours of dual flight training

17. An authorised officer, inspector or authorised person may suspend a person

from exercising all or any of the privileges of his or her pilot licence, ratings or
validation for a period not exceeding:
a. 30 days

18. The manoeuvring area of an aerodrome includes:

a. Taxiways and runways

19. An aircraft which is taxying across the apron:

a. Shall give right of way to a vehicle which is towing an aircraft

20. Unless two-way communication has already been established, the frequency
to be used by an intercepted aircraft and intercepting aircraft is:
a. 121.5 Mhz

21. An aeroplane is an example of a :

a. Category rating

22. Except by an individual permission from the Commissioner, aircraft shall not
be flown acrobatically:
a. Within 5nm of an aerodrome unless at a height of 4000ft AGL
23. An applicant for a private pilot licence(aeroplane) who is also the holder of a
glider pilot licence may:
a. Be credited with a maximum of 10 glider hours towards the issue
of private pilot licence

24. Unless otherwise directed by ATC, compliance with the semi-circular rule is
required for all flights operating above:
a. 1500ft AGL

25. A private pilot, with an appropriate rating, when acting as a co-pilot in an

aircraft certified for operation by a single pilot but required by the South
African Civil Aviation Regulations be operated with a co-pilot may be credited:
a. With not more than 50% of the hours of such flight time towards
a higher grade pilot licence.

26. Formation flights may only be conducted:

a. By arrangement with the pilot in command of each aircraft in
formation

27. For an aircraft to be operated by day, a serviceable rotating beacon or

strobe light:
a. Is not required

28. In the case of radio failure, a flight for which a flight plan was filed and
activated may continue in controlled airspace provided that:
a. The communication failure procedures are complied with

29. With reference to the maintenance of competency requirements, if a pilot

fails a proficiency check:
a. Must undergo corrective training and provide a letter
recommendation for a re-test

30. The pilot in command, surviving an accident involving an aircraft within the
Republic, shall report such accident as soon as possible to the:
a. Commissioner

31. A private pilot licence issued is valid for a period of:

a. 10 years

32. Information regarding the latest restricted areas which may affect flights
may be found:
a. In the latest AIP, AIP SUP, AIC’
s and NOTAM

33. No person shall act as flight crew member of an aircraft:

a. Within 72 hours following blood donation
34. For an aircraft to be operated by day, a serviceable rotating beacon or
strobe light:
a. Is not required

35. The signal shown in figure below, when displayed in the signal area of an
aerodrome indicates:

a. Be used for takeoff and landing which must be in a direction

parallel to the shaft to the T towards the cross arm

36. No aircraft shall be operated at night unless:

a. It is equipped with a serviceable rotating beacon

37. The period of validity of a class 2 medical for private pilot under the age of
40 is:
a. Twenty four months

38. A night rating is valid for:

a. As long as the pilot licence of the holder of the rating is valid

39. An accident involving a South African registered aircraft outside the

Republic shall be reported as soon as possible to the:
a. Appropriate aviation authority of the country in which the
accident occurred and the Commissioner

40. A pilot may

a. Fly above a prohibited area provided that the aircraft remains
above the specified upper limit of the prohibited area

41. “Date of application”when used in connection with the issuing, renewal or

reissuing of a licence, certificate or rating means:
a. The date which the application is received in the prescribed
form by the Commissioner

42. No pilot shall use a public road as a place of landing or takeoff except:
a. In an emergency

43. In aviation, the term “

infant”is used to define a passenger who:
a. Has not reached his or her second birthday
44. The pilot in command of a non pressurised aircraft shall ensure that
breathing oxygen is available for passengers and crew for all flights between
10000ft and 12000ft:
a. In excess of 120 minutes

45. An applicant for a night rating must have completed:

a. 10hrs of instrument instruction of which not more than 5hrs may
have been acquired in an approved FSTD.

46. A vehicle which is towing an aircraft:

a. Has right of way over an aircraft taxying across an apron

47. The equipment required in an aircraft to be operated by night includes:

a. An electrical torch for each crew member

48. A private pilot may as co-pilot on an aircraft:

a. On which a co-pilot is not a requirement

49. In order to change to another type of aeroplane, not previously flown, within
one class rating:
a. The pilot must undergo differences or familiarisation training

50. An applicant for a private pilot licence(aeroplane) who is also the holder of a
glider pilot licence may:
a. Be credited with a maximum of 10 glider hours towards the
issure of the private pilot licence

51. The signal shown in figure below, when displayed in the signal area of an
aerodrome means that:

a. Glider flights are in operation

52. The holder of a private pilot licence when acting as a co-pilot in a aircraft not
required by the manufacturer, or the South African Civil Aviation Regulations,
to be operated with a co-pilot may be credited:
a. With none of the flight time towards the total flight time
required for a higher grade pilot licence

53. “
Day”is the period between:
a. 15 minutes before sunrise to 15 minutes after sunset
54. Notwithstanding the weather minima required for VFR operation in an
aerodrome traffic zone, the pilot of an aircraft in a cross country flight may
enter or leave the ATZ when:
a. The ground visibility is 5km or greater and the ceiling is not less
than 500ft.

55. No person shall act as flight crew member of an aircraft:

a. Within 24 hrs following a scuba diving

56. Except when necessary for taking off and landing, or except with the prior
written approval of the Commissioner, no aircraft shall be flown over built up
areas at a height:
a. L ess than 1000ft above the highest obstacle within a radius of
2000ft from the aircraft.

57. The PIC of an aircraft on a domestic VFR cross country flight shall not
commence take off unless:
a. A favourable met forecast for the route to be flown has been
obtained.

58. An aerodrome traffic zone is defined as an airspace of defined dimension at

an aerodrome:
a. Which is controlled airspace and where aerodrome control is in
operation

59. An applicant for an aeroplane night flight rating shall have completed not
less than:
a. 10hrs of instrument flight time, at least 5 take offs and 5 landings
by night and a dual cross country of not less than 150nm

60. The manoeuvring area of an aerodrome includes:

a. Taxiways and runways

61. When operating outside of an aerodrome circuit area, an aircraft which is

overtaking a slower aircraft at the same height and heading:
a. Shall pass the aircraft on the right

62. The operation of a non-pressurised aircraft at altitude between 10000ft and

12000 ft is:
a. L imited to 120 minutes unless the aircraft is equipped with
supplemental oxygen

63. To an aircraft on the ground at an aerodrome, a series of white flashes

means:
a. Return to starting point of an aerodrome
64. The refuelling of an aircraft with aviation gasoline:
a. May not take place with passengers on board

65. To an aircraft in the air at an aerodrome, a series of white flashes means:

a. L and at this aerodrome and proceed to the apron

66. Simulated emergency situations which affect the flight characteristics of an

aircraft may be carried out in an aircraft:
a. When passengers are not on board the aircraft

67. An aircraft flight folio must be retained by the owner or the operator for a
period of:
a. 5 years calculated from the date of last entry therein

68. An aircraft is to maintain a track of 160deg (T), drift 8deg right, variation
20deg W, high ground of 3800ft above sea level. The most appropriate VFR
flight level to be used is:
a. FL 065

69. Unless authorised required by an air traffic service unit, no person shall fly a
reciprocating engine aircraft within a control zone or an aerodrome traffic
zone at an indicated airspeed of more than:
a. 160kts

70. When two aircrafts are approaching head on, or approximately so, and there
is a danger of collision:
a. Each aircraft shall alter the heading to the right

71. An incident involving an aircraft within the republic shall be reported as soon
as possible to the:
a. Commissioner or the air traffic service unit

72. In an aircraft in which fuses are used, the number of spare fuses which must
be carried is equal to at least:
a. 10% or three, whichever is greater

73. An incident involving a South African registered aircraft outside the Republic
shall be reported as soon as possible to the:
a. Appropriate aviation authority of the country in which the
incident occurred and the Commissioner

74. The holder of a Private Pilot licence when acting as a co-pilot in a aircraft not
required by the manufacturer, or the South African Civil Aviation regulation,
to be operated with a co-pilot may be credited:
 a. With none of the flight time towards the total flight time
required for a higher grade pilot licence
75. A series of green flashes to the aircraft on ground at an aerodrome shall
mean:
a. Cleared to taxi

76. Unless instructed to do otherwise by an ATSU, an aircraft flying at or below

1500ft above the surface following a line feature:
a. Shall fly to the right of the line feature

77. The PIC of an aircraft operated on or in the vicinity of an unmanned

aerodrome shall be responsible for:
a. Making all turns to the left unless a right hand circuit is in force

78. In an aircraft where smoking is permitted, smoking shall nevertheless be

prohibited:
a. During takeoff, and approach to land or when the aircraft is on
the ground.

79. In terms of Civil Aviation Regulations, an air traffic service flight plan must be
filed for:
a. A flight crossing an international boundary even though no
landings will be made.

80. An aircraft for which an air traffic service flight plan has been filed:
a. May be given priority over aircraft for which flight plans have
not been filed.

81. For an aeroplane flying VFR in uncontrolled airspace at or below 1000ft

above the surface by day, the required weather minima is:
a. 1½ km visibility and clear of cloud

82. If an intercepting aircraft, rocking its wings, appears in front and to the right
of an intercepted aircraft, this means:
a. “follow me to a landing terrain”

83. A PIC may conduct special VFR operations, subject to ATC approval, within a:
a. Control zone (CTR)

84. If because of duty in a State or territory outside the republic, deferral of the
issuing of a South African medical certificate for a private pilot has to be made,
such deferral shall subject to an acceptable medical report being obtained
locally, not exceed:
a. Two consecutive periods, each of three months.
85. Aircraft flown in accordance with VFR shall not be required to comply with
the semi-circular rule when operating:
a. At a height of less than 1500ft above the ground

86. The minimum height at which an aircraft may fly across an aerodrome
without conforming to the traffic pattern is:
a. 2000ft

87. A hand operated fire extinguisher must be carried:

a. On all aircrafts

88. Cloud ceiling means:

a. The height above the surface of the base of the clouds below
20000ft, covering more than half the sky

89. The PIC of an aircraft to be operated in controlled airspace:

a. Shall ensure that two-way communication has been established
before the aircraft enters controlled airspace

90. In order to change to another type of aeroplane, not previously flown, within
one class rating:
a. The pilot must undergo differences or familiarisation training

91. A certificate of release to service or a copy of thereof, if required to be

carried:
a. All aircrafts.

92. Electronic logbooks may be used to record flight time, provided that:
a. The data is printed on the paper at least every 90 days

93. The PIC, surviving an accident involving an aircraft within the Republic, shall
report such accident as soon as possible to the:
a. Commissioner

94. A record of each fuel and oil uplift must be kept:

a. In the aircraft flight folio

95. A private pilot is on a VFR flight conducted mostly in uncontrolled airspace,

but a part of the route crosses through an airway at right angles. The pilot:
a. May fly through the airway without filing a flight plan provided
clearance to do so is obtained from the ATSU responsible for
that airway

96. The carriage of standard first aid kit is required:

a. In all aircrafts
97. A private pilot who is not a holder of instrument rating shall not act as a flight
crew member if, prior to each flight exceeds, or is likely to exceed:
a. 1000hrs during the preceding 12 months

98. For flights conducted in accordance with Part 91, or flying training,
operations the relevant entries in a pilot’
s logbook must be made within:
a. 7 days

99. The PIC of an aeroplane which is approaching an unmanned aerodrome for

the purpose of landing shall:
a. Fly overhead at least at 2000ft AGL to establish the runway in
use

100. An aircraft involved in an in an accident may be moved:

a. Only if authority to move it has been given by the investigator in
charge

101. No flight crew member shall consume alcohol within:

a. Eight hours prior to a flight

102. The holder of a pilot licence must submit to the Commissioner a certified
copy of summary of his or her log book at least:
a. Every 12 months.

103. No person shall act as the flight crew member of an aircraft if, prior to each
flight, the flight time exceeds or is likely to exceed:
a. 700hrs during the preceding 6 months

104. An air traffic service flight plan for a flight to be conducted in controlled or
advisory airspace, which is filed in flight must be filed with the responsible air
traffic service unit at least:
a. 10 minutes before the entry into the controlled or advisory
airspace.

105. An aircraft is to maintain a track of 170deg (T), drift 3deg right, variation
21deg W, high ground 4300ft above sea level. The most appropriate VFR
flight level to use is:
a. FL 065

106. An applicant for night rating must have undergone:

a. 5 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction

107. A licence holder must notify the Commissioner of any change in postal
address within:
a. 14 days
108. Except with the prior written approval from the Commissioner, no aircraft
shall circle over, or do repeated flights over an open air assembly of persons
at a height of less than:
a. 3000ft above the surface

109. The holder of a medical certificate who is unable to comply with the
appropriate medical requirements and standards of the certificate:
a. Must furnish proof to the designated medical body or the
institution that he or she has recovered from the decrease in
medical fitness.

110. Included in the requirements for the issue of a private pilot licence is that
the applicant must have completed not less than:
a. 5 hours of instrument instruction time

111. To an aircraft on ground at an aerodrome, a series of red flashes mean:

a. Taxi clear of landing area in use

112. An aircraft for which an ATS flight plan has been filed:
a. May be given priority over aircraft for which flight plan has not
been filed

113. In an event of a controlled flight inadvertently deviating from its current air
traffic service flight plan, a revised ETA shall be notified to the ATC if an error
is found to be in excess of:
a. 3 minutes

114. Flight crew member licences, or certified copies of thereof must be carried
in the aircraft:
a. On all flights.

115. An aeroplane with a maximum certified mass exceeding 5700kg is an

example of a:
a. Type rating

116. The mass and centre of gravity of an aircraft must be established at least:
a. Every 5 years

117. No person shall act as a flight crew member on an aircraft if prior to each
flight, the flight time exceeds, or is likely to exceed:
a. 400 hrs in during preceding 90days

118. A private pilot, with an appropriate rating, when acting as a co-pilot in an

aircraft certified to be operated with a co-pilot may be credited:
a. In full with the flight time towards the total flight time required
for a higher grade pilot licence
119. Prior to undergoing the revalidation skill test a private pilot must have flown
a minimum of:
a. 3 hours as PIC in the preceding 6 months.

120. An applicant for a private pilot licence who is also a holder of a micro light
pilot licence may:
a. Be credited with a maximum of 10 micro light hrs towards the
issue of private pilot licence

121. An aircraft is to maintain344deg (T), drift 6deg right, variation 20deg W, high
ground 4300ft above mean sea level. The most appropriate VFR flight level to
be used is:
a. FL 075

122. Flight time means:

a. From the moment the aircraft lifts off until it stops at the end of
its landing roll

123. To an aircraft in flight at an aerodrome, a steady green light shall mean:

a. Cleared to land

124. The period of validity of a class 2 medical for a private pilot over the age of
40 is:
a. 12 months.

125. In terms of semi-circular rule, the selection of flight levels shall be based on
a. Magnetic track

126. An aircraft, operating VFR is maintaining a track of 359deg (M). Another

aircraft, also VFR, is maintaining a track of 180deg (M). The two aircrafts:
a. Could be at the same flight level

127. Where a right hand circuit is being followed at an airfield, an aircraft may:
a. Overtake a slower aircraft by passing on its left

128. A single engine piston aeroplane is an example of a:

a. Class rating

129. A pilot without a night rating shall not act as PIC of an aircraft, carrying a
passenger by day unless such pilot has carried out at least:
a. Three take offs and landings within 90days immediately
preceding the flight

130. The period of validity of a class 2 medical for a private pilot under the age of
40 is
 a. 24 months

131. The navigation and associated equipment required for aircraft operated
under VFR includes:
a. An ASI and a clock or watch showing time in hours, minutes and
seconds
132. Every VFR flight shall be so conducted that the aircraft is flown with visual
reference to the surface and at no time above more than:
a. 3/8 of cloud within a radius of 5nm of the aircraft

133. The visual ground signal as shown in figure below, when displayed in the
signal area at an aerodrome indicated that:

a. L andings are prohibited

134. All pilots must retain their logbooks, from the date they no longer hold a
valid pilot licence for a period of:
a. 60 months

135. Original or certified copies of the documents to be carried in an aircraft on a

domestic flight include:
a. Certificate of release to service, certificate of registration and
the pilot’s licence

136. A white or yellow cross located at each end of a runway means that:
a. The runway is closed

137. The takeoff visibility required for an aeroplane on a VFR flight departing
from an Aerodrome Traffic Zone is:
a. 5km

138. Unless authorised by the Commissioner, no person shall outside controlled

airspace and below FL 100 fly an aircraft at an indicated airspeed of:
a. 250kts

139. An authorised officer, inspector or authorised person may suspend a person

from exercising all or any of the privileges of his or her pilot licence, ratings or
validation for person not exceeding:
a. 30days

140. In terms of Civil Aviation Regulations, an air traffic service flight plan must be
filed for:
 a. A flight crossing an international boundary even though no
landings will made

141. An aircraft which is following a railway line within one nautical mile shall,
unless instructed by ATC:
a. If flying at or below 1500ft AGL , fly to the right of the railway line
142. No aircraft shall be operated unless a seat is provided for each person:
a. Aged two years or more

143. A pilot may fly through a restricted are provided that:

a. Permission from the appropriate authority is obtained

144. The requirements for the issue of a PPL include:

a. A minimum of 15hrs of solo time, of which 5hrs must be solo
cross country time

145. Smoking on a licensed aerodrome is prohibited in any place within:

a. 15 metres of an aircraft

146. No aircraft shall be operated unless a child restraint device is provided for
each passenger who is:
a. L ess than 2 years of age

147. A list of signals used by intercepting aircraft must be carried:

a. On all flights

148. The PIC of an aircraft may propose an amendment to an air traffic control
clearance. The amendment:
a. May not be applied by the pilot without ATC approval