David Pingree, Kristen Lippincott - Ibn Al-Hatim On The Talismans of The Lunar Mansions
David Pingree, Kristen Lippincott - Ibn Al-Hatim On The Talismans of The Lunar Mansions
David Pingree, Kristen Lippincott - Ibn Al-Hatim On The Talismans of The Lunar Mansions
MANSIONS
By Kristen Lippincott and David Pingree
I. INTRODUCTION
1 As can be deduced from the text of the manuscript, written by Guglielmo himself. The hand is identical to
Urb. lat. 1384 originally contained eighty-nine folios. the Arabic citations from the Qur'an in the autograph
The twentieth folio has been lost. The current copy of Guglielmo's Sermo de passione Domini, Vat. Barb.
numbering of the folios (1-88) obscures this loss. For a lat. I 77 5. The scribe of the Latin portions, however, is
description of the manuscript see C. Stornajolo, Codices not Guglielmo. His Latin script may be seen in Vat.
Urbinates Latini, Rome 1921, III, pp. 296--98. See also ebr. 189, Vat. Chigi A. v1. 190, and Florence, Biblioteca
R. Starrabba, 'Guglielmo Raimundo Moncada, ebreo Nazionale Centrale, Palatinus 885. For reproductions
convertito siciliano del secolo XV', Archivio storico from these manuscripts, see C. Wirszubski, Flavius
siciliano, n.s. III, 1878, pp. 84-g1, and J. Carini, Mithridates, Sermo de passione Domini, Jerusalem 1963,
'Guglielmo Raimondi de Moncada', Archivio storico pis 1-v1. The extreme corruption of the Arabic demon-
siciliano, n.s. xxu, 1897, pp. 485-92. strates Guglielmo's lack of familiarity with written
2 Seen. 18 below. Arabic and his inability to distinguish the phonemes of
3 G. Levi della Vida, Ricerche sulla forma<',ione del piu spoken Arabic.
antico fondo della Biblioteca Vaticana, Studi e testi xcu, 4 Other manuscripts containing this translation are
Vatican City 1939, p. 93, n. 2, has pointed out that the Venice, Marcianus lat. 123 (4662) and Milan, Ambro-
Arabic sections of U rb. lat. 1384 were almost certainly sianus R. 113. sup.
57
journal ofthe Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Volume 50, 1987
KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE
The purpose of this paper is to edit the Latin version of the first work in the
manuscript, the De imaginibus caelestibus, and to supply an English translation of the Arabic
text upon which Guglielmo's Latin translation is based. The De imaginibus caelestibus is
closely related to the thirteenth-century Spanish version of Las ymagenes de las veynt & ocho
mansiones de la Luna 5 ascribed to 'Plinio'. 6 The Latin translation of the Spanish text was
appended to the Latin Picatrix as 1v, ix, 29-56, under which guise it was well known in
Northern Italy when Guglielmo translated lbn al-1:Iatim's version. 7
Nothing is known about the author of the De imaginibus caelestibus, Ibn al-1:Iatim,
beyond Guglielmo's statement made in the canons to his book on eclipses, 8 that he
observed a solar eclipse in Spain on the morning of 19 July 939:
Sciendum tamen est quad quandoque contingit Solem deficere in una urbe et non deficiet in alia
ilia eadem hara, ut ab Ali ibn ii Haytim ponitur Solem defecisse in Andolos post duas horas diei
quinti ebdomadi; mense Ramdan anno vicesimo septimo Agarenorum. Et hec eadem defectio visa
est in Mecha eadem die eiusdem mensis paulo ante occasum Solis. Et huius veritas scientibus et
non scientibus patuit.
19July 939 was 28 Ramaoan 327 AH, a Friday (day 5 until noon). The eclipse was visible
in Spain and Italy.
By contrast the life and career of Guglielmo Raimondo de Moncada is well
documented. In the introduction to his translation of the De imaginibus caelestibus,
Guglielmo describes a golden lion talisman made by his father, Rabi Nissim Abu il
Faragh. 9 Nissim Abu al-Faraj was a Jewish scholar from Sicily. His only two extant
works, both in Hebrew, are an astronomical treatise and a lapidary. 10 Guglielmo was
born in Agrigento in the mid-145os. 11 He took the name of his godfather, Guglielmo
Raimondo V Moncada, Count of Adema, 12 when he converted to Christianity at the age
of fourteen. Arriving in Rome about 1477, the young scholar attracted the attention of
Giambattista Ciba, Bishop of Molfetta. Under Cibo's sponsorship, Guglielmo delivered
his lengthy Sermo de passione Domini in St Peter's before Pope Sixtus IV on Good Friday,
20 April 1481. The multi-lingual sermon, which included phrases in Greek, Hebrew,
'Chaldean' and some Arabic passages from the Qur'iin, impressed the Pope, who rewarded
Guglielmo with the position of Prior of the Cathedral of Cefalu. In 1482 Guglielmo was
reading theology at the Archiginnasio. During this time he also seems to have been
employed cataloguing the Vatican Library's collection of Arabic and Hebrew manu-
scripts.13 In 1483, however, some mysterious incident caused him to flee from Rome.
5 The text appears on fols 18v-2r' of the Alphonsine Steinschneider, Die hebriiischen Uberset;:_ungen des Mittel-
manuscript, Vat. Reg. lat. 1283. See below for a alters und die Juden als Dolmetscher, Berlin r 893, p. 599.
discussion of the similarities between the illustrations 11 For the early life of Guglielmo see Starrabba's article
found in the two manuscripts. (as in n. 1) and U. Cassuto, 'Wer war der Orientalist
6 See D. Pingree, 'Between the Ghiiya and the Mithridates?', Zeitschrift fur die Geschichte der Juden in
Picatrix. I. The Spanish Version', this Journal, x1.1v, Deutsch/and, v, 1934, pp. 230--36.
1981, pp. 27-56. 12 On the Count's highly successful career under
7 Ed. D. Pingree, Picatrix: The Latin Version, Studies of Alfonso V of Aragon see A. Ryder, The Kingdom ofNaples
the Warburg Institute, xxxrx, London 1986. under Alfonso the Magnanimous, Oxford 1976, pp. 63-64.
8 Urb. lat. I 384, fol. 43v. 13 See G. Levi della Vida, Ricerche sulla forma;:.ione . .. ,
9 Urb. lat. 1384, fol. 3'b. pp. 94-95.
10 These works are uniquely preserved in a manuscript
14 Ludwig Hain, Repertorium Bihliographicum ... , 2 vols, Giovanni Pico della Mirando/a nella storia dell'umanesimo,
Stuttgart 1826--38, 14681. See also E. Voullieme, Der Florence 1975, 11, pp. 16g-87; and C. Wirszubski,
Buchdruck Kolns his ;:um Ende des fanftehnten Jahrhunderts, 'Giovanni Pico's Companion to Kabbalistic Symbol-
Bonn 1903, p. 164, no. 370. The manuscript original is ism', in Studies in Mysticism and Religion presented to
Vat. Chigi E. IV. 123. For his collection of the letters of Gersham G. Scholem,Jerusalem 1967, pp. 353-62. See also
Brutus, see Marci Junii Bruti Epistolae a Mithridate Vat. ebr. 189, 190 and 191.
collectae, nuper a Juliano Scarpa de Graeco in Latinum versae, 17 See C. Wirszubski, 'Giovanni Pico's Book of Job',
Venice 1570. thisjournal,xxxn, 1969,pp. 171-99.
15 See U. Cassuto, Gli Ehrei a Firenze nell'eta del 18 Guglielmo's pseudonym, Flavius Mithridates, seems
Rinascimento, Florence 1918, pp. 29g-300; P. Kibre, The to have been acquired in two stages. The name Flavius,
Library of Pico della Mirando/a, New York 1936, pp. 38 most likely a reference to the Jewish historian Flavius
and 174; G. Mercati, Codici Latini Pico Grimani Pio edi altre Josephus indicating Guglielmo's recognition of his own
hihlioteche ignote del secolo XVI esistenti nell'Ottohoniana e i Jewish ancestry, appears not to have been used prior to
codici greci Pio da Modena con una digressione per la storia dei 1481. The name Mithridates, alluding to
codici di S. Pietro in Vaticano, Studi e testi LXXV, Vatican Mithridates IX Eupator who was famous for his
City 1938, pp. 11-18, 23 and 267; K. Dannenfeldt, 'The penetrating intellect and mastery of twenty-two
Renaissance Humanists and their Knowledge of languages, cannot be documented before October 1484.
Arabic', Studies in the Renaissance, 11, 1955, pp.96--117; See C. Wirszubski, Flavius Mithridates . .. , pp. 48--49.
P. 0. Kristeller, 'Giovanni Pico and his Sources', in Giacomo Gherardi refers to Guglielmo as 'Guglielmo
L 'opera e ii pensiero di Giovanni Pico della Mirando/a nella Siculus', Konrad Summenhart calls him 'Wilhelmus
storia dell'umanesimo, Florence 1975, 1, pp. 35-142. Raimundi Romanus', Reuchlin uses 'Raimundus
16 See F. Secret, 'Nouvelles precisions sur Flavius Mithridates Romanus' and Pico names him as 'Mithri-
Mithridates maitre de Pie de la Mirandole et traducteur dates Gulielmus.'
de commentaires de Kabbale', in L'opera e ii pensiero di
60 KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE
Finally, Dr A. C. de la Mare has identified the hand of the Latin portions of Urb.
lat. 1384 with the scribe Pietro U rsuleo de Capua. 19 U rsuleo is first documented in Rome
in 1475. He is listed as a copyist for Sixtus IV between 1477 and 1482. Ursuleo had begun
his career as a professional scribe in Naples in the mid-144os. By 1451, he was registered
in the service of Alfonso d' Aragona as 'scriptor de la sua libreria'. He was elected Bishop
of Satriano in 1474 and Archbishop of Santa Severina in 1482. The Latin script of Urb.
lat. 1384 is particularly close to Ursuleo's signed manuscript of Nicolaus de Lyra's
Expositio in IV Evangelia, 20 upon which he describes himself as working day and night from
15 September 1481 to 10January 1482. The stylistic similarities between the script of
these two manuscripts support the dating ofUrb. lat. 1384 to 1480 or 1481 .21
The illustrations of the talismans in U rb. lat. 1384 were completed concurrently with
the writing of the text. It is probable that the Arabic passages established the format of
each page. In several instances, individual letters in the Latin text have been abnormally
elongated, taking up more space in order to keep the two texts parallel throughout the
manuscript. The illustrations were inserted; after which, each picture was labelled with
its Arabic nomen virtutis following the stipulations outlined in the accompanying text.
Stornajolo's suggestion that the miniatures in U rb. lat. 1384 are Ferrarese 22 seems
based on an examination of the frontispiece (fol. 1r) alone. The decoration on this page is
stylistically distinct from the other illuminations in the manuscript. It is busy and
cramped. The two shield-bearing putti at the bottom of the page are squat and solid. The
illustrations accompanying the text, however, are remarkably fine. The figures are
elegantly drawn and proportioned. The disparity between the two styles suggests that the
manuscript was illuminated in two distinct phases. The illustrations accompanying the
text appear to have been completed in Rome, perhaps by a Florentine miniaturist. The
illuminations on the title-page and opening folio were added later, perhaps in Urbino, by
a Ferrarese-trained artist.
lconographically, the talismans in Urb. lat. 1384 are quite close to the illustration
accompanying the Alphonsine, Spanish version of the text, 23 in which a rabbit-riding
Luna is shown at the centre of a roundel containing the talismans for her twenty-eight
mansions (Pl. 16b). The differences between the two sets reflect variants in the respective
texts. 24 The format of the Urb. lat. 1384 illustrations, pictograms set within circular
19 Concerning Ursuleo, see T. de Marinis, La Biblioteca identification of the talisman for the ftons et cor leonis
napoletana dei Re d'Aragona, Milan 1952, 1, pp. 16--19 and (fol. 7') as 'the sign of the Lion'. See F. Sax), 'Revival of
11 (1947), pp. 66, 139 and 142, and pis 207, 213, and Late Antique Astrology', in Lectures, London, 1957, 1,
298 B. For an additional listing of his manuscripts, see pp. 73-84, esp. p. 81.
A. Derolez, Codicologie des manuscrits en ecriture humanis- 24 See pp. 73-75 below. The pictorial differences are as
tique sur parchemin, Turnhout 1984, 1, p. 15 7. follows:
°
2 For a reproduction of the colophon of this manu- The Urb. lat. 1384 cor leonis talisman is a rampant
script (Vat. lat. 167), see de Marinis, Biblioteca lion wearing a hairy cloth and carrying a sword; in Reg.
napoletana, 1, p. 18. lat. 1283 it is a man wearing an animal skin and carrying
21 Ursuleo also copied Panormita's De dictis et factis a spear; the U rb. lat. 1384 cauda arietis female is
Alphonsi regis for Federico da Montefeltro (Urb. standing, and in the Alfonsine manuscript she is seated;
lat. 1185; signed 'P. Ursuleus', on fol. rnor). See de the oculus tauri horned man in U rb. lat. 1 384 appears
Marinis, Biblioteca napoletana, 1, p. 18; Derolez, Codico- riding a horse and carrying a snake in Reg. lat. 1283; the
logie (as in n. 19), 11, p. 138; and Stornajolo, Codices U rb. lat. 1384 cilia leonis holds one hand over his eyes, in
Urbina/es Latini, 111, p. 195. Reg. lat. 1283 he holds both hands over his eyes; the
22 Codices Urbina/es Latini, 111, p. 298. virgo talisman has lost all but one of her friends in the
23 Seep. 58 above. The illustration appears on fol. 21 r. Spanish version; the telo talisman bites his tail instead of
Saxl, in the only discussion of the astrological his paw in Reg. lat. 1283.
iconography of Urb. lat. 1384, was incorrect in his The ordering of the talismans between the cor
IBN AL-1:IATIM 6r
frames, recalls the talismans depicted in the Second and Third Lapidarii of Alfonso X el
Sabio. 25 Although each of the three sets represents a separate tradition, the iconographi-
cal constant of the circular frame is worth noting. Beyond this similarity, however, there is
very little evidence of contamination from other astral-mythological manuscripts in Urb.
lat. r 384. It is possible that the image for cauda arietis, a woman holding her right hand to
her head (fol. 8'), is related to representations of the second decan of Aries. 26 Also, there
may be a connection between the talisman for umbilicus leonis (fol. r3v) and thejohannes
Angelus lion-riding man representing a native born under the first decan of Leo. 27 The
lack of iconographic overlap between U rb. lat. r 384 and other astrological manuscripts
suggests that an illustrated version oflbn al-1:Iatim's De imaginibus caelestibus was nearly as
rare during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance as it is today.
(This is a verbum ad verbum translation. The spelling of transliterated names follows the
indications of the Arabic MS as closely as possible. Round brackets enclose additions by
the translator for the sake of clarity; pointed brackets signify words mistakenly omitted
from the Arabic.)
[3va] In the name of God, the merciful and the compassionate.
Abu 'Ali ibn al-1:iasan ibn al-1:Iatam says: You should know that God the exalted - blessed be
His name! - placed the Sun among the six planets, three above it and three below it. From among
the three which are above it is the Killer, whose name is Saturn; it is traversing a zodiacal sign in
thirty months and traversing the sky in thirty years approximately. He created under it Jupiter; it
traverses a zodiacal sign in a year and traverses the sphere in twelve years. Its name [fb] is
al-Burjisah. He created under Jupiter the Red One, which He called Mars; it traverses a zodiacal
sign in forty-five days and the sphere in eighteen months approximately. Below it is the Sun: it
traverses a zodiacal sign in a month and the sphere in a year. Lower than the Sun is Venus, whose
name is Barl)if; it traverses a zodiacal sign in twenty-five days and the sphere in ten months. Lower
than it is the Scribe whose name is Mercury; it traverses a zodiacal sign in eight days and the sphere
scorpionis and optimus optimorum is inconsistent. In Urb. by Roderic C. Dinman and Lynn W. Winget in Alfonso
lat. 1384, cor scorpionis is illustrated with two scorpions, El Sabio: Lapidario and Libro de las formas & ymagenes,
cauda scorpionis is two women; the text for the next Madison, Wisconsin, 1980. See also Ana Dominguez
talisman is missing, but the illustration shows a nude Rodriguez, Astrologia y arte en el Lapidario de Alfonso X el
man with four heads; amans is illustrated with two seated Sabio, Madrid 1984.
monkeys; prosper iugulans has a wolf and a lion; and 26 See, for example, the illustrations in the manuscripts
prosper deglutiens has a lion with a dog's head and a of Georgius Zotori Zapari Fenduli's Abridgement (Liber
monkey's body. In Reg. lat. 1283, the talismans are astrologiae) of Abu Ma'shar's Introductorium (London,
illustrated as one standing monkey, one scorpion BL, Sloane 3983, fol. 4'; New York, Pierpont Morgan
without legs or tail, one woman with her hands over her Library, 785, fol. 4v and Paris, BN, lat. 7330, 7') or
face, a centaur with two severed hands floating above Ludovico d'Angulo's De figura seu imagine mundi
him, a bifrons man, a blank space and a dog. (Florence, Biblioteca Riccardiana 3011, fol. rn').
The final difference between the two manuscripts is 27 Johannes Angelus, Astrolabium planum in tabula
that U rb. lat. 1384 shows info.sor aquarius posterior as a ascendens, Augsburg 1488. For a discussion of the
winged naked youth holding his perforated hands up to contamination of the Astrolabium planum by images from
his mouth; Reg. lat. 1283 has a winged youth holding a the Picatrix latinus, see K. Lippincott, 'The Frescoes of
chalice. the Salone dei Mesi in the Palazzo Schifanoia in Ferrara.
25 See the facsimile edition of Escurialensis h.1.6 by Style, Iconography and Cultural Context', Ph.D. thesis,
J. Fernandez Montana, Lapidario de/ Rey D. Alfonso X. University of Chicago, 1987, pp. 151r-51 and Appendix
Codice original, Madrid 1881. The texts have been edited III.
62 KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE
in three months and twenty-six days approximately. Below it is the Moon; it traverses a zodiacal
sign in [4va] two nights and the.sphere in twenty-eight nights. Then it <is visible> in twenty-eight
mansions; and it is possible that it is created on the thirtieth day or on the twenty-ninth day and
night, and on the thirty-first it appears. <In> the zodiacal sign in which the Sun turns is created the
crescent. Lower than the Moon is fire, and lower than fire is air, and lower than air is water, and
lower than water is earth. May He save us. There is no God but He, not spiritual and not corporeal,
because He created them.
[5 rb] Second chapter. For the aspects of the zodiacal signs and of the mansions.
This is tha,t the zodiacal signs aspect, one of them another zodiacal sign. The first aspects the
seventh zodiacal sign: Aries aspects Libra, and Taurus Scorpio and Gemini Sagittarius and
Cancer Capricorn and Leo Aquarius and Virgo Pisces.
Similarly the mansions aspect <0ne >the other< according to> what we told you, that the sphere
rotates in them, that each zodiacal sign aspects the seventh for it [5 va] from wherever you begin. If
one rises from the East, the second sets in the West. Similarly are the twenty-eight mansions:
al-Nail) aspects al-Ghaffiir, al-Bain al-Zubana, al-Thuraya al-lkhlil, al-Dawbaran al-Qalb,
al-Haqa'a al-Shiwwal, al-Han'a al-Na'a'im, al-Dhira' al-Bild, al-Nathira al-Dabil), al-Tarfa al-
Bal'a, al-Jab}) al-Sa'd, al-Kirath al-Akhbiya, al-Sarfa al-Bain al-1:Iiita, al-'Awa Farja al-
muqadam, al-Simaka al-'Azal Farj al-mu'akhir. Similarly each one [6rb] of the remaining aspects
the two sevenths (fourteenth) of the mansions for it.
Third chapter. For the judgement of the circles which proceed along the zodiacal signs.
The Sun is the Amir, and Venus the Wazir, and the Scribe the messenger, and the Moon the
peerless dancer, and Jupiter the judge, and the Killer the jailer, and Mars the policeman and
executioner. May God deliver us from them! Amen.
Fourth chapter (Pl. 15a-d). For describing the figures which rise in these mentioned mansions
[6va] and their names and their stars.
1. The butting (al-Natl)) is called al-Shaqayn. They are two stars; Aries is said to belong to them.
They are shining and set aside. Their setting is (at) the beginning of the rains. Its image is the
image of a black lion wrapped in garments of hair; in his hand is a lance. He is prepared to kill
enemies, and guards for demolition and crushing. When you wish this from it, you should shape it
as I described to you at its rising. Fumigate it with storax and wax, and bury it in the house of the
enemy. Its name is I:Iaris.
2. [ ]"b] Al-Bain is the belly of Aries. It is three stars close together, small, not shining. Its image is a
crowned king. Its name is Anakhil. You should shape it from white wax and mastic mixed together.
It is for meeting the king and everything you hope for. Fumigate it with aloes-wood and
sandalwood.
3. [ 7va] Al-Thuraya is the tail of Aries; six stars joined together and one other small one. Its image is a
girl who has put her right hand on her head; and she is clothed. Her name is Abiilsith. You should
shape this in a ring of silver for the love of a man and a woman. You should fumigate it with mastic
and fingernail of perfume.
4. [Wb] Al-Dawran is the eye of Taurus. It is a red star with which are two small stars. Its image is a
man with two horns. His name is Iswawis. You should shape this in red wax for enmity and hatred.
You should fumigate it with storax. It should be buried in the house of the one whom you wish; she
will be infatuated.
5. [8va] Al-Haq'a is the head of Gemini - three stars small, close together. The image is a head
without a body; a large crown is on it. The name of its lord is Iqbal. You should shape it in a ring of
silver, and engrave on it the name of the king on the throat. You should fumigate it [grb] with
IBN AL-1:IA.TIM 63
sandalwood. Then you should keep it on yourself. You will not enter into the presence of kings and
nobles but that your desire will be satisfied and the evil (caused by) your enemy will be postponed.
It is very noble. With it are two stars, one small and the other large.
6. [gva] Al-Han 'a is three stars between the two feet of Gemini. The image is two persons embracing.
You should shape them from white wax, and you should fumigate it with camphor and damp
aloes-wood. The name ofits lord is Anari. Wrap it in a shining rag, hold it with you, and beseech it.
You will be brought to love and to medical treatment. The name(s) of its stars are al-Zara and
al-Mizan.
7. [1orb] Al-Dhira' is the arm ofLeo. It is two stars; one of them is called Sha'r al-'Abiir and the other
Mardham al-Dhira'. The name 'Abiir means a lively dog; this is because dogs and persons pounce
at its rising. Its image is a man standing, his two hands stretched out as ifhe were praying. You
should shape it in the belly of a ring of silver, and you should fumigate it with wax mixed with
mastic or with perfume. It is good for entering the presence of the sultan and for binding spirits and
bodies. You should engrave [1ova] the name of the king on its chest. The name of its lord is Sha'-
lika ... in <whatever> one desires among all its ways and things.
8. [11rb] (Pl. 16a) Al-Nathira is the nose of Leo. It consists ofa nebula between two small stars. The
image is an eagle whose face is the face of a man. Its speciality is to excel in battles, in enmities
between men. You should engrave it on lead. He should keep it in battle who wishes to be the
victor. The name of its lord is Aqaris.
g. [1 Iva] Al-Tarfa is the edge of the eyelid ofLeo. They are two small stars. Its image is a man who has
placed his hand over his two eyes. You should shape it out of black wax. You should make a small,
hot nail and drive it in one of its two eyes. You should suspend it at the rising of Mars or Saturn for
the wind from its head. You should engrave its name on its head together with the name of the
effective person. Its speciality is removing ophthalmia and disease of the eyes and the flow of blood.
The name of its lord is Rawyal. If you do not cauterize, you should engrave it in lead.
IO. [12va] The face (al-Jibha) and the heart (qalb) of Leo are four shining stars. The northern of these
two is the heart ofLeo. Its image is the head ofa lion without a body. The name ofits lord is Arag.in.
It is for entering into the presence of kings and curing diseases and extracting the foetus. Whoever
engraves this image on a seal of gold or red copper, and engraves on it the name of the king, and
fumigates it with musk and with walnut every day, and prays in the name of the lord of this
mansion, and keeps it with him, he will see wonders. But he should not put on new clothes in it nor
travel.
11. [ 13rb] Al-Kira thin is two shining stars penetrating to the interiorofLeo. Its image is a man riding a
lion; in his right hand is a slingshot, and the left is on the ear of the lion. Its name is Aqlul liqabul.
Fumigate it with the hair of a lion. Shape it on a seal of gold, and stamp on his head the name of its
lord. You should pray in his name that you will see because of him whatever you wish in <... >.
[13va] <Whomever> you desire will be satisfying in the view of men and in the view ofall creatures.
12. [14rb] Al-Sarfa is the tail of Leo. It is a star whose name is al-Sarfa because of the departure of
warmth at its rising and the departure of cold at its setting. I ts image is a snake fighting with a man.
You should shape it out of wax or on a plate oflead. Fumigate it with asafoetida, and engrave the
name of its lord on the head of the snake. Bury it in the house of whatever kinsfolk you wish or
enemies. Then those two will be separated, and there will arise between them [14va] enmity and
hatred, and the place will be destroyed. The name of its lord is Adhbisha.
13. [15rb] Al-'Awwa is five stars as ifan alifwith the tail chopped off and is among the image<s> of
Virgo. I ts image is a man spread out opposite a woman. You should shape him out of red wax and
the woman out of white wax. The name of its lord is Asarub. Fumigate it with aloes-wood and
amber, and wrap them both in a red rag for love and the excitation of sexual intercourse. One of the
stars is inclined to the West while the other four are straight in (their) intersection.
14. [15va] Al-Samaka is two stars one of which is al-A'zal and the other al-Rimab. Its image is a dog
biting the end of its paw. Its name is Anab. It should be engraved on a plate of red copper.
Fumigate it with the hair ofa dog. It is for cutting off and enmity. Al-Ramah is red.
KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE
15. [16rb] Al-Ghaflar is three small stars which do not shine. Its image is a seated man reading. Its
name is Aqalidh. Fumigate it with perfume and frankincense. You should engrave it on a seal of
gal' (?). Its speciality is the ending of enmity and hatred.
16. [16va] Al-Zibanun are the two horns of Scorpio. They are two stars setting in (the season of)
warmth. Its image is a man sitting on a throne; in his hand is a balance. The name of its lord is
Asarut. You should engrave it on a seal of silver. Its speciality is selling and buying and in favour of
business.
17. [17va] Al-Aklil is three shining stars. Its image is the image of two apes, the left hand of one of
which is on its head while the right is in its image (sic). The name of his lord is Arya th. The other of
the two has likaffi (?) the palms (of his hands) on his shoulders. His name is Adhniyab. You should
engrave it on a seal of iron or red wax. Wrap it in the skin of an ape, and fumigate it with the hair of
an ape and the slough of a snake. Then bury it in whatever place you wish, and pray in its name
over the people of this [1Wb] place. Its speciality is expelling thieves.
18. [18va] The heart (qalb) of Scorpio is a red star between two small, shining stars. Its image is two
scorpions; one of them needs its tail, and the other, whose name is A}:ibiyal-spikes are implanted
in its eyes. Engrave it on a seal ofred copper, and fumigate it with the horn ofa stag; fumigate it for
seven nights. It should be placed in his house so that a snake (?) will not enter the house. Ifhe keeps
it with him, it will protect him from pain. If one stamps with it for whomever a snake (?) has stung,
by (his) eating <it in> milk it will free him. The name of the second (scorpion) is Aghiyal.
19. [19rb] Al-Shiwwal is the tail of Scorpio. It is two stars and another shining one under which are
three. Its image is two women one of whom has placed her hand over her vulva - her name is
Adhniyal - while the other is spread out in the likeness of a river of water. You should form her
[19va] out of white wax or engrave her on lead. Fumigate her with liquid storax, and wrap her in a
cotton rag. Hang her in a stream of water, or you should set her up over her (the patient's) vulva.
You should pray in the name of their lord. Her speciality is the flowing of the blood of women until
they die. The name of the second of the two is Abriyal.
[20 is missing]
21. [21 rb] Place it inside (?) a roof. Fumigate it with sulphur and amber and the hair ofa man for three
nights. Bury it in a place whose people you wish to separate. You should pray in the name ofits lord
so that he will answer you. His name is Kawyakifah. Its speciality is misfortune(?) and
emptiness (?) and emigration.
22. [2 Iva] Sa'd dab}:i. The image ofa lion between whose two paws is a fox. His tail is turned in place of
his head and his head in place of his tail. Fumigate it with the hair ofa lion after you have engraved
it out of wax, and bury it in the name of the wazir whom you \Yish, and pray in the name of its lord.
Destruction and misery will turn to (?) the wazir. Its name is Ufit aranit. Its speciality is separation
between kings and their wazirs. It is two stars, not shining, which in the sight of an eye are the
measure of a forearm.
23. [22rb] Sa'd bal' is two small, equal stars. Its name is Bala' whenever the earth emerges from a
flood. I ts image is the image of a lion from the fore part; his head is the head of a dog and his body
the body of an ape. You should shape it out of black potter's clay. Fumigate it with the hair of a dog
[22va] or a wolf, and pray in the name of its lord at the time of its fumigation. You should bury it in
the house of the stubbornly resisting in order to destroy the enemies' house. The name of its lord is
Sani sana}:iin. I ts speciality is imposing ruin and disease upon whomever you wish.
24. [23rb] Sa'd al-su'iid. The image is a woman suckling her child. You should shape it out of fat and
flour or engrave it on the horn of a ram. You should say the name and bury it in the house so that
suffering will not reach the cattle and the people of that house, by the power of God. The name of its
lord is Afratim abriyas. Its speciality is the improvement of cattle and driving away reptiles (?)
from it and infectious disease and the rest of diseases. It is two stars.
25. [23va] Sa'd al-akhbiya. The image is two men, one of whom is treating (a disease) and the other of
w horn is helping a plant whose fruit is between his two hands. You should shape it in a piece of
IBN AL-1:IATIM
wood of white fig. Its speciality is the improvement of fruit and arable [24rb] land whenever it is
buried; and it protects it from blights and calamities of the heavens after its fumigation with the
flowers of the fruit (trees). The name of its lord is Asyal. It is four stars like the shape ofa triangle
whose middle is the fourth star.
26. [24va] Faragh al-dalw al-muqaddam. The image is a woman whose hair hangs down; on her are
varieties of coloured cloths; between her two hands is a pot in which is a perfume (with which) she
perfumes herself. You should shape her, in accordance with the name of whomever among women
you wish, out of white wax and mastic. Fumigate it with varieties of perfumes. You should write on
her chest the name of the man overcoming her love for herself. You should keep the image in the
house so that she refrains from going to him, if God wills. The name of her lord is N afsiyal taghriyal.
Its speciality [25rb] is for love that she entice(?) the man marvellously and promote lust. It is four
stars, similar to a bucket.
27. [25ra] Faragh al-dalw al-mu'akhkhir. The image is a man who has wings; in his hand is a vessel
pouring out, which he raises to his mouth. You should shape it out of red clay; and it should be
hollow. When it has been cast, you should put in it asafoetida and storax; and you should fumigate
it with wax and naphtha. The name should be engraved on the head of the image so that no-one
shall pass by this region. The name of its lord is Amriyal lamiyal. Its speciality is the ruin of
whatever bath you wish and the corruption of all its water so that he will absolutely not benefit from
it. It is two stars.
28. [26va] Batn al-}:iiit. The image is a fish whose back is striped with colours; in its mouth is a small
fish. You should shape it out of silver according to whatever sort you wish of snakes. Fumigate it
with the skin of a goat or kam fiid (?). You should tie it in a place in which you wish to seize fish to
yourself by means of a strong string. Then they will be turned about and will increase so that you
may take them with your hand. The name ofits lord is Aniish. Its speciality is overpowering fish (to
come) to whatever place you wish and region that is close.
Dixit Ali filius ii Hasan filius ii Aytim: Scito Deum excelsum - benedicatur nomen eius -
ordinasse Solem in medio sex planetarum, trium superiorum et trium inferiorum. Et primus
superiorum est interficiens, et vocatur Saturnus, qui transit signum in triginta mensibus, et transit
caelum in triginta annis vel circa. Et creavit sub eo Iovem, qui transit signum in uno anno et celum
in duodecim annis; et vocatur [4'a] fl Bargis. Sub quo creavit rubeum, qui Mars appellatur. Et
transit signum in quadraginta quinque diebus, caelum vero in decem et octo mensibus vel prope. 2
Sub quo Solem, qui transit sign um in uno mense et caelum in uno anno. Deinde sub Sole Venerem,
quae fl Barhith nuncupatur; et transit signum in viginti quinque diebus et caelum in decem
mensibus. Sub qua scribam, qui Mercuri us nominatur; et transit sign um in octo diebus et c~lum in
tribus mensibus et viginti sex diebus vel circa. Tum sub Mercurio Lunam creavit, quae transit
sign um in [4vb] duabus noctibus et c~lum in viginti octo noctibus eo modo quo mansio sua est in
viginti octo mansionibus. Et potest esse ipsam nasci in die tricesimo aut in die vicesimo nono et
nocte, et tricesimo primo videri. Signo3 autem in quod Sol intrat nascitur il hilal, id est Diana.
Deinde sub Luna creavit ignem, sub igne vero aerem ordinavit, et sub aere aquam, et sub aqua
terram. Glorificetur ipse Deus; non est alius Deus praeter eum, neque corporalis neque spiritualis,
quoniam ipse creavit omnia.
de signis et mansionibus. Respiciunt enim cornua Arietis remittentem, venter Arietis cornua
Scorpionis, cauda Arietis amantem, oculus Tauri cor Scorpionis, caput Geminorum caudam
Scorpionis, pedes struciones, brachium Leonis imberbem, nares Leonis prosperum iugulantem,
cilia Leonis deglutientem, frons et cor Leonis optumum optumorum, umblicus Leonis
tabernacula, cauda Leonis infusorem priorem, Virgo infusorem Aquarium posteriorem, telo
adherens ventrem Piscium, et ita una [6ra] queque aliarum respicit sibi bis septimam mansionem.
BAB TERTIA.
De potestate planetarum qui currunt semper in signis.
Solis autem potestas imperatoris comparatur, Veneris vero vicem gerentis et scrib~ 4 missi, sed et
Lunae apparitoris, attamen lovis gratias concedentis et interficientis, id est Saturni, lictoris,
Martis vero spatarii. Et liberet nos Deus ab eorum potestate. Amen.
BAB QUARTA.
De commemoratione imaginis que ascendit in his mansionibus predictis, et de nominibus earum et
[6vb] de stellis earum.
Cornua Arietis vocantur il Nathy, et alio nomine il Sartayn. Sunt duae stellae lucentes et separate,
quae cum ceciderint incipit pluvia. Quarum imago est forma leonis nigri cooperti piloso panno in
cuius manu sit ensis. Ordinatur ad interficiendos inimicos et in diruptionem domorum et status.
Cum postulaberis hoc facere, formabis ut tibi declaratum est eis ascendentibus in anulo ferreo, et
fumigabis cum storace et cera. Et nomen virtutis eius Haris. Et ita quaslibet imagines has formabis
eis ascendentibus.
[]'a] Venter Arietis vocatur il Bothn. Sunt tres stelle parvule, non lucentes. Quarum imago est
forma regis coronati. Et nomen eius Anachil. Formabis illam in cera alba et mastice commistis.
Valet ad obviandum regibus et quibus volueris. Et fumagabis cum ligno aloe et sandalis.
[7vb] Cauda Arietis vocatur il Thuraya. Sunt sex stelle coniuncte et una alia parva. Imago eius est
forma mulieris ponentis manum suam dextram super caput suum; et sit induta. Et nomen eius
Abulsith. Forma earn in anulo argenteo; in dilectionem maritorum et uxorum valet. Et fumigatio
eius fit cum mastice et cinamomo contuso.
[B'a] Oculus Tauri vocatur il Dabran. Est una stella rubea cum qua sunt ali~ stell~ parv~. Cuius
imago est forma hominis cum duobus cornibus. Et nomen eius Isuavis. Forma earn in cera rubea ad
ponendum odium et inimiciciam. Et fumigetur cum storace; et sepeliatur in habitationibus eorum
inter quos odia desideras.
[8vb] Ca put Geminorum vocatur il Hachaa. Sunt tres stelle parvulae, propinque. Imago eius est
caput sine trunco super quo sit una corona magna. Et nomen virtutis eius Acbal. Formabis earn in
anulo argenteo, et sculpes in eius gutture nomen virtutis eius. Et [gra] fumiga earn cum sandalis,
quam quidem apud te teneas. Non intrabis apud quempiam principem quin non concedat tibi
petitionem tuam, et tardare faciet mala futura tibi ab inimicis tuis. Cum qua sunt duae stellae
quarum una est maior alia.
[g vb] Ped es Geminorum vocantur il Hanhaa. Sunt due stellae in medio ped um Geminorum quarum
imago est forma duorum puerorum amplectentium se. Forma eos de cera alba, et fumiga cum
canfora et ligno aloe tenello. Et nomen virtutis eius Anari. Volues earn in panno albo, et tene apud
te. luvabit enim ad amores et medelas. Nomen stellarum est il Ziruil mizen.
[ rora] Bracchium Leonis vocatur il Drah. Sunt du~ stell~ quarum una Xahr il habur nominatur, alia
vero Marzan il Drah. Et nomen il Habur est canis ferox; et hoc quia eo ascendente canes et bestie
rapaces incitantur ad predam. Cuius imago est forma hominis stantis, extendentis man us suas ac si
Deum invocaret. Formabis earn in ventre anuli argentei, id est in parte interiori sub gemma. Et
4 i a.fler scribe, but crossed out
IBN AL-I:IATIM 69
fumigabis cum cera et mastice aut cum cinamomo. Et valet ad intrandum apud principes et reges
et ligandos animos et corpora. Et sculpes [ IO vb] nomen virtutis eius in pectore illius qui Xalich
vocatur. Prosperari te faciet in negociis et factis tuis.
[ 11ra] (Pl. 16a) Nares Leonis vocatur il Nathra. Est nubes in medio duarum stellarum parvularum.
Ymago grifis cuius facies sit hominis. Et valet ad superandum in hello et inimiciciis hominum.
Sculpes earn in plumbo. Et teneat in hello qui vellet alium superare. Et nomen virtutis eius Acharis.
[ 11 vb] Cilia Leonis vocatur il Tarpha. Sunt due; stellc; parvc;. Imago hominis ponentis man um suam
super oculis suis. Formabis earn de cera nigra. Et accipies ignitum clavum parvulum antequam
faber ilium totaliter disiungat a ferro, et eum in uno oculorum eius configes, et suspendes illam in
vento Marte vel Saturno ascendente, capite sursum stante. Et sculpes nomen virtutis eius in capite
suo cum nomine hominis pro quo fit. Valet autem ad removendum cataractas, et il ramd et
infirmitates oculorum et flux um sanguinis. Et nomen virtutis eius Rauyal. Et si non ha[ 12ra]bueris
ceram, sculpe in plumbo.
[12vb] Frons et Cor Leonis vocatur il Iabhah u Calb il Asad. Sunt quatuor stellae lucentes; et
septentrionalis earum est Cor Leonis. Imago eius est caput leonis sine trunco. Et nomen virtutis
eius Aradin. Valet ad introitum apud principes et curare infirmos et fetum de utero matris educere.
Si quis sculperet earn in lamina aurea aut aere rubeo, et sculperet super ea nomen virtutis eius, et
fumigaret earn cum musco et nuce muscata die qualibet, et nominaret nomen virtutis eius, et
teneret apud se, videret mirabilia; sed non induat nova nee naviget dum earn tenet.
[13ra] Umbilicus Leonis vocatur il Charthin. Sunt due; stellc; lucentes, quarum imago est homo
equitans leonem, cuius manus dextra lorum teneat et sinistra in aure leonis sit. Et nomen eius
Achlullcabul. Formes illam in lamina aurea, et fumiges earn cum pilis leonis, et imprime in capite
illius nomen virtutis eius, quod quidem nomina. Videbis per illam quae desideras, et ab eo [ 13vb]
quern diligis intentum tu urn consequeris sive homo sit sive alia creatura.
[14ra] Cauda Leonis vocatur il Sarpha. Est una stella, et vocatur il Sarpha, id est Terminans,
quoniam ea ascendente est terminus estatis, et ea cadente est terminus hyemis. Imago eius est
serpens bellans cum homine. Formes earn de cera, aut sculpe earn in lamina plumbea. Et fumiges
cum asa fetida, et sculpes nomen virtutis eius in capite serpentis. Et sepelias earn in domo cuiusuis
inimici vel populorum quorum discordiam optaveris. Certe maximum odium et inimiciciae
generabuntur inter eos; itaque fere locus eorum diruetur et destruetur. [14vb] Et nomen virtutis
huius Adbixa.
[15ra] Virgo vocatur il Hava. Sunt quinque stellae ac si esset Aliph abscissa cauda; et est de
imaginibus Virginis. Cui us imago est vir sociatus o< b>vians mulieri. Formetur vir de cera rubea et
femina de cera alba. Et nomen virtutis eius Asarub. Et fumigetur cum ligno aloes et ambra, et
involues illas in panno rubeo. Virtus eius valet ad amorem et incitationem coitus. Una vero
stellarum eius inclinatur ad occidentem, sed alic; quattuor stellae sunt directe, separatae.
[15vb] Telo adherens vocatur il Samach. Sunt duc;stellc;, quarum una it Hadlvocatur et alia il Ramah.
Cui us imago est canis mordens sibi anteriorem tibiam, reliquo pede caudae superposito. Et nomen
virtutis eius Hunahal. Sculpe in lamina aeris rubei, et fumigetur cum stercore canis. Valet ad
destruendos homines, et ponere inimicicias. Sed stella que vocatur il Ramah est rubea.
[ 15ra] Remittens vocatur il Gajfar. Sunt tres stellae parvc;, non lucentes. Imago eius est vir sedens
cathedraliter, legens. Cui us nomen est Acalid. Fumigetur cum cinamomo contuso et ture postquam
sculpta fuerit in anulo de aere combusto. Valet ad removenda odia necnon et inimicicias.
[16vb] Cornua Scorpionis vocantur il Zabanin. Sunt duae stelle cadentes in estate. Quorum imago
est homo sedens supersede, in cuius manu sit statera. Et nomen virtutis eius Asarud. Sculpes illam
in anulo argenteo. Et valet ad prosperas faciendas merces et emptiones et venditiones.
KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE
[ I 7vb] Amans vocatur il Achlil. Sunt tres stellae lucentes. Hui us imago sunt due simie, quarum una
ponit manum suam sinistram super caput suum et dextram super faciem suam, et vocatur Ariath;
altera ponit palmas suas super humeros eius, et vocatur Adniab. Sculpes earn in anulo ferreo vel in
cera rubea, et involues illam in pelle simiae. Et fumigabis cum pilo simiae et spolio serpentis.
Deinde sepelias earn ubi vis, et nomina nomen virtutum eius super illis qui habitant in illo loco. Et
talis imago valet [18'a] ad repellendos predones.
[18vb] Cor Scorpionis vocatur il Calb. Est una stella rubea in medio duarum minorum lucentium.
Cuius imago sunt duo scorpiones, quorum unus caudam non habeat, et vocatur Ahbial; alter spinas
infixas in oculis, et nomen eius Haghyal. Qui hanc imaginem in anulo aeris rubei sculperet, et
fumigaret cum cornu cervino, et poneret earn in sereno aere septem noctibus, postea poneret in
domo sua - non intrabunt reptilia nee venenosa domum illam. Et si earn apud se tenuerit,
liberabitur a doloribus. Si vero aliquis morsus fuerit a reptilibus et venenosis, et impressio sibi
fieret cum anulo illo, et postea comederet modicum turis, liberaretur.
[1g'a] Cauda Scorpionis vocatur il Xual. Sunt due stell~ et alia lucens, sub qua sunt aliae tres.
Cuius imago sunt du~ mulieres, quarum una ponit manum suam super vulvam suam, et vocatur
Adnial; altera vero extensa iacet super decursum fluminis aquarum. Forma eas de cera rubea vel
sculpe in plumbo, et fumiga [19vb] cum astorace liquida. Et volve eas in panno bombicis, et
suspende in decursu aquarum aut ponatur super vulva. Et nomina nomen virtutis eius. Valet ad
provocandum fluxum sanguinis mulierum donec moriantur. Et nomen secund~ est Abarbial.
[2 1ra] in foramine in tee to. Et fumiges cum sulphure et carabe et pilis hominis tribus noctibus. Et
sepelias in domo ubi vis divisionem facere. Et nomina nomen virtutis eius - adimplebit
desiderium tuum, et vocatur Chauyachufa. Et valet ad migrare faciendum et destruendum et pati.
[21vb] Prosper iugulans vocatur Sahd dabah. Imago eius est leo; in medio manuum eius sit vulpis,
cuius cauda sit versus caput leonis et caput versus caudam. Fumigabis cum pilo leonis postquam
sculpseris earn de cera, et sepellias nomine domini cuiusuis. Et nomina nomen virtutis eius;
perveniet ad dominum ilium destructio et corruptio. Et vocatur Huphit aranith. Et valet ad
generandas divisiones inter reges et principes eorum. Et sunt duae stellae non lucentes, in visione
oculorum ad quantitatem brachii.
[22ra] Prosper deglutiens: sunt du~ stell~ parvae, aequales. Et vocatur Sahd balaha, id est deglutiens
ab eo quod diluvium deglutivit terram. Hui us imago est leonis a parte anteriori, et caput eius caput
canis, et reliquum corporis sicut simiae. Forma de creta nigra, [22vb] et fumiga cum pilo canis et
lupi, et nomina nomen virtutis eius in fumigio. Et sepelias in domo inimicorum ad destruendum
domos eorum. Et vocatur Sanissachin. Valet ad diruendum et dominari faciendum pestes cuivis.
[23'a] Optimus optimorum vocatur Sahd il sahud. Imago eius est mulier lactans filium suum.
Formabis earn de scevo et farina, aut sculpes illam in cornu tauri vel arietis. Et fumigetur cum
cornu arietis, et memora nomen. Sepellias deinde in domo cuiusvis; nunquam perveniet gregi
neque familiae domus illius infortunium aliquod in virtute eius quae vocatur Aljrathyas abriyas.
Valet autem ad prosperos faciendum greges et expellere reptilia et pestes ceterasque infirmitates.
Et sunt duae stellae.
[23vb] Optimum tabernaculorum vocatur Sahd il achbia. Imago eius sunt duo homines, quorum
unus sit medicus et alter plantet plantas, et fructus earum in manu eius. Formes in fustro ligni ficus
albi. Valet ad prosperos faciendum fructus et semina si sepelli[24ra]atur prope ea et liberare ea a
gelu et tonitruis et infortuniis celestibus. Et fumigatio eius fiat cum floribus diversorum fructuum.
Et nomen virtutis eius Aryab. Et sunt quatuor stellae in forma trianguli, et altera in medio eius.
IBN AL-I:IA.TIM
[ 24vb] Infusor aquarius prior vocatur Farg il dalu il macadam. Imago eius est mulier cuius capilli sint
soluti, vestita vestimentis diversorum colorum; in medio manuum eius sit vas plenum cinamomo
quo cinomamizet corpus suum. Formabis earn pro nomine cuiusvis mulieris, et fumigabis cum
diversis cinamomis aromatibus. Et scribe in pectore eius nomen illius cuius amore teneris, et tene
imaginem hanc in domo tua. Vere non quiescet quin non concedat se tibi. Et vocatur Na.ffial tagrial.
Valet ad amorem mulierum [25ra] ut adament viros mirabiliter, et incitat appetitum coitus. Et
sunt quatuor stellae in forma aquarii.
[25vb] Infusor aquarius posterior vocatur Farg il dalu il muachir. Imago eius est homo alatus cuius
manus sint perforate, erigens eas ad os suum. Formetur de creta rubea, et infundatur; et cum
infunderis illas, pones in earn asam fetidam et storacem. Et fumigetur cum petroleo et cera, et
sculpetur nomen virtutis eius in capite illius. Per eundem locum ubi earn posueris nemo unquam
transibit. Et vocatur Amrial lamial. Valet ad diruenda qu~vis balnea et corrumpere aquas eius ita ut
nemo possit consequi aliquam utilitatem ab eis. Et sunt du~ stelle.
[26vb] Venter Piscium vocatur Bothn il huth. Huius imago est piscis cuius dorsum sit depictum
diversis coloribus; et in ore eius teneat piscem parvulum. Formabis earn de argento instar
quorumvis reptilium, et fumigabis illam cum pelle caprae et ericcii. Et liga earn in loco ubi vis
capere pisces cum filo forti et hamo. Illo tune superabuntur pisces et multiplicabuntur; itaque
possis capere eos manu. Et nomen virtutis eius Anuxi. Valet ad superandos pisces ubi volueris. Et
sunt stellae ad formam piscis.
Dixit Abu Ali predictus: declaratio fumigii est quod fumus it per aera et penetrat cum eo
intellegentias in motu anime passiv~; et movetur dominus fumigii et agit actum secundum
dationem ab intellegentiis quae nominantur in his factis virtute Dei creatoris saeculorum. Amen.
[27va] Ali est nomen Hebraicum quod Eli dicitur, sed quia Arabes carent e vocali mutant e in a. Et
quinque Ali fuerunt: unus Hebreus pontifex maximus, alius Hispanus rex Evize et filius Sine quern
nos Avicennam dicimus, tertius astrologus de Hispania Bethica quern nos Ali ibn Roghla dicimus,
alius medicus Hyspanus qui Ali ii Mansuri dicitur, et quintus de Arabia Felici; et est au tor huius
operis.
Hasan est pater autoris.
Haytim est avus autoris.
Halif est prima littera alfabeti Arabici.
Bargis est eufortunium maius; et sunt duae dictiones: bar id est fortunium, et gis id est maius.
Barhit id est eufortunium minus.
Hila[ est Luna in maxima dimi[27vb]nutione; postea vocatur il camri.
Bab est ianua, sicut apud nos capitula.
Sartayni sunt duo extrema pontis et sunt cornua Arietis.
Hares id est custodi.
Anachil sunt due dictiones: ana id est ego, et chit id est amo.
Abulsith id est osculare.
Isuavis id est angustiator.
Acbal id est recipere cum bona facie.
Anari id est incendat ignis.
Zir est pond us statere, et est nomen stelle posite in Geminorum pedibus.
Mizan id est statera, et est stella in pedibus Geminorum.
Xahr id est pili.
Habur est locus bracchii inter manum et cubitum, et est stella in brachio Leonis.
Drah id est brachium.
Marzan id est nodus cubiti [28'a] David, et est unum de quatuor principalibus receptis a
6
KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE
Maumetanis.
fl thaura id est lex Moysi.
fl <:,aburi id est psalmi David.
fl angil id est Evam>gelium.
flfarcan et il Curaan id est lex Mahometi.
Et haec nos exposuisse sufficiat.
IV. COMMENTARY
Chapter 1
With the variant names of the planets utilized in this chapter, one can compare those used
in the prayers to the planets added to the Picatrix after the Plinio text (Picatrix 1v, ix, 58--
64):
The name (s) for Ven us are miswri tings of the Iranian Ana.hit, which appears as Any hyt in
Picatrix 111, vii, 30. One other name is also Iranian ('Feniz' in Picatrix, 111, vii); Quehinen is
a miswriting, as is Keyhven (111, vii, 17), ofKaywan. Burjisah and Bargis (see 111, vii, 19
and 2 1) represent Arabic Birjis, whose origin is unknown; but cf. Pahlavi borz, 'high', and
wuzurg, 'great'. The Red One or rubeus for Mars and the Scribe for Mercury are names
for these planets found also in the De scientia motus orbis ofMasha'allah, who derived them
from a Syrian source; see D. Pingree, 'Masha'allah: Some Sasanian and Syriac Sources,'
in Essays on Islamic Philosophy and Science, Albany, N.Y. 1975, pp. 5-14, esp. p. 14, fns 31
and 32.
The 'creation' of the Moon is its ytvva, when it first leaves conjunction with the Sun.
Chapter 2
The only aspect of the four normally envisaged-sextile, quartile, trine and opposition -
here admitted is the last. Ibn al-1:Iatim's list of mana<:,il in opposition is confused at the last
three, which should be:
al-Sarfa- Farj al-muqadam
al-'Awa-Farj al-mu'akhir
al-Simaka - al-Batn al-1:Iiita
IBN AL-J:IATIM 73
Chapter 3
Some of these correspondences between the planets and members of a court can be
paralleled in astrological texts, but others remain quite unexpected. I compare selected
items from Picatrix (m, vii):
Ibn al-1:Iatim Picatrix
Saturn jailer career (g)
Jupiter judge iudices (3)
Mars policeman, facere res in
executioner legibus prohibitas ( 1 1)
Sun amir rex (5)
Venus waz1r
Mercury messenger
Moon dancer graciosus ( 15)
Chapter 4
As has already been remarked, the talismans of the lunar mansions described by Ibn al-
1:Iatim represent a variant version of those described in the text attributed to Plinio. Ibn
al-1:latim normally provides the following information, though not always in the same
order:
a. the name of the man;;:,il
b. the part that it is of its zodiacal sign
c. the number (and quality) of its stars
d. a description of its image
e. the name of the image's 'lord'
f. the substance of which the talisman is made
g. the fumigation to be used
h. how to manipulate the talisman
1. a prayer to be recited (occasional)
J. the purpose or effect of the talisman
k. the season of the rising or setting of the man;;:,il (occasional)
1. the configuration of its stars (occasional)
m. the names of its stars (occasional)
The Plinio text normally gives of these elements, again in varying order, a, d, e, f, g, h, i,
andj only.
74 KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE
The Plinio text and Ibn al-1:Iatim give the same names of the manazil except for nos 1
(al-Shara tan, as in the Chaya, instead of al-Natb, which appears in bin Ibn al-1:Iatim);
5 (al-Haq'a, as in the Chaya, instead ofal-Maysan); 6 (al-Han'a, as in the Chaya, instead of
al-Tabaya); 11 (al-Kira.thin instead of al-Zubra); and 28 (Batn al-but instead of
al-Risha').
The images in the two texts are substantially the same, though with many deviations.
Note especially nos 1 (a black lion in Ibn al-1:Iatim, a black man in Plinio); 4 (a man with
two horns in Ibn al-1:Iatim, a man riding on a horse and holding a serpent in his hand in
Plinio); 17 (two apes in Ibn al-1:Iatim, one in Plinio); 18 (two scorpions, one of which lacks
its tail while the other has spikes in its eyes in Ibn al-1:Iatim, a snake with its tail over its
head in Plinio); 19 (two women, one of whom holds her hand over her genitals while the
other lies like [or on] a river in Ibn al-1:Iatim, a woman holding her hands over her face in
Plinio); 23 (a lion with a dog's head and an ape's body in Ibn al-1:Iatim, a cat with a clog's
head in Plinio); and 25 (two men, one of whom is a doctor while the other tends a tree in
Ibn al-1:Iatim, a man planting trees in Plinio). In some of these, parts of the images are
simply left out (nos 17 and 25), in others the images are differently interpreted (nos 1, 18
and 23), while in one a sense of embarrassment seems to have overcome 'Plinio' (no. 19).
We see no plausible explanation for the divergence in no. 4. But, in general, it appears
that, while Ibn al-1:Iatim probably relied on verbal descriptions of the images, the author
of the Plinio text was probably working from illustrations.
The names of the lords of the images are clearly derived from the same Arabic
originals, though those in the Plinio text are often misreadings or contractions of those
given by Ibn al-1:Iatim. For example, misreadings:
1. Geriv (for Jaris) from I:Iaris
2. Enedil from Anakhil
3. Anuncia from Abiilsith
etc.; and contractions:
11. Necol for Aqlul liqabul
17. Adrieb for Arya.th and Adhniyab
19. Annuvel for Adhniyal and Abriyal
2 1. Quene for Kawyakifah
The two that cannot be so easily explained are nos 8 (Annediex for Aqaris); and
14 (Erdegel for Anab; but the name on the image is Awdhajal).
The substances out of which the talismans are made are also substantially the same in
both texts. The exceptions are no. 23 (black potter's clay in Ibn al-1:Iatim, seal of iron in
Plinio), and two of the three cases where the Spanish transliterates anuk, 'lead'; in no. 15
Ibn al-1:Iatim has 'seal of qal'', in no. 19 'white wax or lead', and in no. 28 'silver'.
The materials used in the fumigations are also generally identical, though one or the
other version is from time to time the fuller. But in no. 12 Ibn al-1:Iatim has 'musk and
walnut' while Plinio has 'amber', and in no. 28 the first has 'skin of a goat or kam fiid', the
second 'skin of a marine fish'.
IBN AL-I:IATIM 75
In the cases of the manipulations and purposes or effects of the talismans each text has
chosen to emphasize these features in its own way, but in all cases they are clearly drawing
upon the same source.
Chapter 5
The idea of this chapter seems to be that the smoke of the fumigation is propelled by the
soul through the air to the spirits, whom the person who makes the fumigation thereby
controls.
V. ARABIC-LATIN GLOSSARY
The words are given in the order of the Arabic alphabet; Guillelmus's mistaken spellings
are retained, but the correct reading, when it can be divined, is given in parentheses.
IMPORTANT WORDS
ibn Adam homo r r, 21 baraka III benedicere 3v
atii concedere 24v mabsiit (for mabsiit) extendens ro
al;tad unus IO, I Iv, 15v, 17v, r8v, rg, 23v; alter 23v; batn venter 7, 26\ batiin venter ro
li . .. at,.ad nemo 25v ba'cJ (forbu'd) postquam 2rv
al;tad ,aghir wa at,.ad kabir una est maior alia g ba'd li-ba'~ (for ba'cJ ili ba'cJ) se invicem 5
akhadha capere 26v bughcJ inimicicia 14v
akhara tardare g biqi alius 6; ceterus 23
ikhar alius 7V, ro, 15, r5v, rg; alter r7V, r8v, rg; se bala'a deglutiens 22; tala'a deglutire 22
invicem 5 jali (for bali) pati 2 r
mu'akhkhar posterior 25v bali' corruptio 2 1v
adi iuvare gv bib bah 5, 6, 27
udhun auris 13 bayt domus 18v
ar4, terr a 4 V, 22 abyacJ albus 7, gV, r 5, 23v; rubeus 19v; not translated
asadleo6v, 12V, r3,2rv 24v; baycJ albus gv
ism nomen passim; vocare 5v; nominare r o bay' merces I 5v
akala comedere I gv bayin declaratio 27
alifaliph 15
alam infortunium 23 matjar venditio r6v
allih Deus 3v, 4v, 6, 27 tiij corona gv
amir imperator 6 mutayyaj coronatus 7
amala volere 7; not translated rov tin ficus 23v
amin amen 6, 27
insin homo 14, r6v, 25v thu 'bin serpens 14
anfnares 11 sa'lab (for tha 'lab) vu! pis 2 r v
ini (forini') not translated 25v muthallath triangulum 24
ahl illi qui habitant 17v; familia 23; not translated 21 thamar fructus 23v, 24·
ayyil cervinus 18v thini alius 5v
thawb vestimentum 24v
al-battata aliquis 25v thawr taurus 23
bakhara fumigare passim
bakhiir fumigatio 7V, 24; fumigare 8, gv jabah (forjabhah) frons 12v
tabkhir fumigium 22v jidd not translated g
bada'aincipere 5v jadid novus r 2v
ibtidi' incipere 5v jari currere 6
bari'a liberare I gv jar (forjary) fluxus I Iv, 19v
burj signum 3v, 4, 4V, 5, 6; mansio 5; bur signum 4 majran decursus I gv
bard hyems 14 jiriyah mulier 7v
KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE
jasad truncus av, 12v; corpus IO, 22 khalaba incitare ad predam 10
jusmini corporalis 4 v khala!lla liberare 6
ja'ala ponere I Iv, 18v, 19, 25v; not translated 2 I khalaqa creare 3v, 4, 4v; nasci 4v
jild pellis I 7v, 26v khaliqah creatura 13v
jilis sedens cathedraliter 16 kali' (for khali') destruendum 2 1
jami' alius 13v; not translated IOv, 25v khimis quintus 27
jimi' coitus 15 khayt filus 26v
janin fetus 12 v
Ii-hi ajnubi alatus 25 v dakhala intrare 9, 1av
jayaba (for jiba 1v) adimplere desiderium 2 1 dukhiil intrandum 10; introitus 12v
ji'ib infortunium 24 dukhin fumigium 27
jawz nux muscata 12v da'i deum invocare 10; nominare 13, 19v, 21, 21v,
jawfumb<i,licus 13;jawq foramen 21 22v; cja'a nominare 12v, I 7v
mujawwafinfundi 25v mad'iiw quae nominantur 27
dafa'a repellendum 18
babba desiderare 13 dafana sepelire 8, 14, 17v, 21, 21v, 22v, 23, 24; not
alladhi taI:iabba qui vis 2 1v translated 6v
mal,ab (for mababbah) amor 9 V, I 5, 25 daqiq farina 23
badid ferreus I 7v dalw aquarius 24v, 25v
barr estas 14, 16v dam sanguis 11V, 19v
bariba m bellare 14 dani IV not translated 26v
1,Jlrb bell um 11; birib bell um 11 dir domus 22v
barb (for barbah) ensis 5v di'ir volvi 5
l,araka v movere 2 7 dari'ir (fordawi'ir) planetae 6
l,arakat (for barakah) motus 27 diina sine 12v
bifi~ not translated 5v
bukm potestas 6 dhi'b lupus 22v
biltid (for biltit) asa fetida 14; biltit asa fetida 25v dabal, (for dhibib) i ugulans 2 1v
balq guttur av dhiri' brachium 10, 21v
bammim balneum 25v dhakara dicere 5; memorari 23
al,marrubeus 4, 8, 12v, 15, 15v, 17v, 18V, 25v; l,amri dhikr commemoratio 6
rubeus 15 madhkiir predictus 6, 27
l,amala erigere 25v dhanab cauda 7v, 14, 15, 15v, 18v, 19, 21v
l,ami ya ignire 11v dhahab aureus 12v, 13
biit piscis 26v dhit bestia rapax 10
bijah intentus 13v; bijad petitio 9
bi'icj (for bi'idh) superandum 11 ra's caput 7V, 8v, I IV, 12\ 13, 14, 17v, 21\ 22, 25v
bawala in trare 4 \ bila bi pervenire ad 2 1v; bawala ra'i videre 13; ri'il videre 12v
v esse versus 2 1v ra'yah (forru'yah) visio 21v
bi-bawl allih not translated 23 rabb virtus passim; not translated 10V, 17V, 22V, 24v;
I,ayyah (for bayy) ferox 10 creator 27
I,ayyah serpens 17v; reptilis 26v rabapi ligare 26v
buwim (?) reptilia et venenosa 18v; huwim reptilia ribi' not translated 24
23 rijl pes 9v
rajul homo 8, IO, I 1V, 13, 23v; vir 15, 16, 24v; maritus
khibi' tabernaculum 23v 7\ ille 24v
khatama imprimere 13 ral,im misericors 3v
khitim anulus 7v, av, 10 ral,min clemens 3v
kharuba diruere et destruere 14v rasil missus 6
kharib diruendum 25v irsil removendum I Iv
takhrib (fortakhrib) destruendum 22v ralJiljl plumbum 11, 1Iv, 19v; lamina plumbea 14
ikhrij educere 12v rac;li'a lactans 23
khirqah pannus 9v; spolium 17v; khirq pannus 15, rac;liya velle 2 1
19v ratb tenellus 9v
kha1J1Jah (for khi!ll!ilah) valet ad passim raqqi!ll apparitor 6
mukhattat (formukhanat) depictus 26v rikib equitans 13
IBN AL-I:IATIM 77
ramad· cataractae et ii ramd 11v sham' cera 19\ shimi' cera 7, 9V, 21v; not translated
rii.ja II incitare 25 24v
ril} ventus I Iv shami' mumistiki cera et mastix IO
riil;t animus IO; intelligentia 27 shamili septentrionalis 12v
riil;tin /jor riil;tii.ni) spiritualis 4v shahr mensis 3v, 4
rida 1v velle 1 1; desiderare 8; rayada velle 26v shahiya vm desiderare 8
shahwa /jor shahwah) appetitus coitus 25
mazra' /jorzar') semen 23v shawk spina 18v
zahrflos 24 shi'a velle 14, 17v, 22V, 24v, 25v, 26v; non habere 18v
zawil removendum 16 shay' factum IO v
PROPER NAMES
Abadhriyil 19v (label) Adhiyil Adnial 19
Abriyil Abarbial 19v Aridin 13 (label)
Abii 'Ali Abu Ali 27 Ari4in Aradin 12v
Abii 'Ali ibn al-1:lasan ibn al-1:litam Ali filius ii AryithAriath 17V, 18 (label)
Hasan filius ii Aytim 3v Asirub Asarub 15
Abiilsith Abulsith 7v, 8 (label) AsiruJ Asarud 16v
Al:ibiyil Hagbyal 18v, 19 (label) Asiriib 15v (label)
al-Akhbiya (see Sa'd al-akhbiya) tabernacula 5v Asiriid 1 7 (label)
Akhiyil 19 (label) al-AsadLeo5, IO, 11, !Iv, 12v, 13, 14
Adhbisha Adbixa 14v Iswiwis Isuavis 8, gv (label)
Adhniyib Adniab 17V, 18 (label) Asyil Asyal 24, 24 (label)
Adhniyil 19v (label) al-A'zal (see Simik al-a'zal) ii Had! 15v
80 KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE
Aghiyil not transliterated I gv al-Zuhar (foral-Zuharah) Venus 4, 6
Afratiyis abarbiyis 23v (label)
Afratim abriyis Afrathyas abriyas 23 Sinis sikin 22v (label)
Aqiris Acharis 11, 11 (label) al-Saratan Cancer 5
Aqilid 16v (label) al-Sa'd (see Sa'd al-su'iid) optumus optumorum 5v
Aqilidh Acalid 1 6 Sa'd al-akhbiya (see al-Akhbiya) Sahd ii achbia 23v
Iqbal Acbal gv, 9 (label) Sa'd bal' (for Sa'd hula', see al-Bula') Sahd balaha
Aqlul liqibul Achlullcabul 13 22
Aqliil liqibu 'I 1 3v ( label) Sa'd dabt,. (for Sa'd al-Dhibit,.; see al-Dhibit,.) Sahd
al-Iklil ii Achlil 17v; al-Ikhlil amans 5v dabah 21v
Amriyil limiyil Amrial lamial 25V, 26 (label) Sa'd al-su'iid (see al-Sa'd) Sahd ii sahud 23
Anit,. Hunahal 15v al-Simika al-'azal (for al-Simik al-a'zal; see
Anikhil Anachil 7 al-A'zal) Virgo 5v; al-Samaka ii Samach 15v
Aniri Anari 9v al-Sunbul (for al-Sunbulah) Virgo 5
Aniri 9v ( label) Sani sanat,.in Sanissachin 22v
Aniish Anuxi 26v, 27 (label)
~wdhijal 16 (label) Shi'lika Xalich wv
Ufitarinit Huphit aranith 21v Shilik IOv (label)
Ufit adinit 22 (label) al-Shartayn (for al-Sharatan) ii Sartayn 6v
Sha'r al-'Abiir Xahr ii Habur IO
al-Burjisah ii Bargis 4 al-Shams Sol 3V, 4, 4v, 6
Bart,.ifil Barhith 4 al-Shiwwil (foral-Shawla) ii Xual 19
al-Batn venter Arietis 5\ ii Bothn 7
BaJn al-1,.iit venter Piscium 5v; Bothn ii huth 26v al-~arfa cauda Leonis 5v; ii Sarpha 14
al-Bild (for al-Balda) imberbis 5v
Bal'a (see Sa'd hula') deglutiens 5v; Bala' deglutiens al-Tarfa (feral-Tar£) cilia Leonis 5v; ii Tarpha I Iv
22
al-'Abiiril Habur 10
al-Thuriyi (for al-Thurayyi) cauda Arietis 5v; ii al-'Adhrah (foral-'Adhri') Virgo 15
Thuraya 7v 'Utirid Mercurius 4
al-Thaman (foral-Tawi'im) Gemini 5 al-'Aqrab Scorpio 5, 18V, 19; al-A'qrab Scorpio 16v
al-ThawrTaurus 5, 8 al-'Awwi telo adherens 5v; ii Haua 15
al-Jibha (for al-Jabha) frons et cor Leonis 5v; ii al-Ghaffir (foral-Ghafr) remittens 5v; ii Gaffar 16
labbah 12v
al-Jad (for al-Jady) Capricorn us 5 Farj al-mu'akhir (for al-Fargh al-mu'akhkhar)
al-Jawz (foral-Jawzi') Gemini sv, 9v infusor aquarum posterior 5v; Faragh al-dalw
:ij:iris Haris 6v, 7 (label) al-mu'akhkhir Farg ii dalu ii muachir 25 v
al-:ij:amal Aries 6V, 7, 7v Farja al-muqadam (for al-Fargh al-muqaddam)
al-:ij:iit Pisces 5 infusor prior 5\ Faragh al-dalw al-muqaddam
Farg ii dalu ii macadam 24v
al-Dawharin (for al-Dabarin) oculus Tauri 5v;
al-Dawrin ii Dabran 8 al-Qalb cor Scorpionis 5v; ii Calb 17v
al-Dalw Aquarius 5, 25 al-Qamar Luna 4, 4v, 6
al-Qaws Sagittarius 5
al-Dibit,. (for al-Dhibit,.; see Sa'd al-Dhibit,.)
prosperus iugulans 5v
al-Dhiri' brachium Leonis 5v; ii Drah 10 al-Kabsh Aries 5
al-Kirith umb<i>licus Leonis 5v, 13; al-Kirithin ii
Riwyil 1 2 ( label) Chari thin r 3
al-Rimit,., al-Ramah (for al-Rimit,.) ii Ramah 15v Kawyikifah Chauyachufa 21
Rawyal Ranyal 1 1v
Mardham al-Dhiri' Marzan ii Drah 10
al-Zibinum cornua Scorpionis 5v; ii Zabanin 16v al-MirnK (for al-Mirrikh) Mars 4, 6, 1 1v
Zut,.al Saturnus 3V, 11v al-Mushtarijupiter 3V, 6; (qui) 4
al-Zara wa al-Mizin ii Ziruilmizen 9v al-Mizin Libra 5
IBN AL-I:IATIM 81
al-Nithira (foral-Nathra) nares Leonis 5\ ii Nathra Nafsiyil taghriyil Nafsial tagrial 24v
II
al-Natl,. cornua Arietis 5\ ii Nathy 6v al-Haqa'a (for al-Haq'a) caput Geminorum 5v;
al-Na'i'im pedes strucionis 5v al-Haq'a ii Hachaa gv
Nafsiyil takhriyil 25 (label) al-Han'a ii Hanhaa gv
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