7407 1 QP Physics AS 17may23 AM - 1
7407 1 QP Physics AS 17may23 AM - 1
7407 1 QP Physics AS 17may23 AM - 1
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AS
PHYSICS
Paper 1
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 70.
• You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate.
• A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert.
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box
0 1 A strong interaction between a negative kaon (K−) and a proton (p) produces
an omega-minus (Ω−) particle, a neutral kaon (K0) and an unidentified particle Y.
K− + p → Ω− + K0 + Y
Table 1
K− p Ω− K0 Y
Baryon number +1 +1 0
Strangeness −1 0 −3 +1
0 1 . 1 Complete Table 1.
[2 marks]
rest energy = J
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0 1 . 3 Suggest how energy is conserved in this interaction. box
Ω− → Ξ0 + π−
followed by
Ξ0 → Λ0 + π0
followed by
Λ0 → p + π−
quark structure of Λ0 =
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The products of the decay series include π0 and π− particles. These particles are box
0 1 . 5 The π0 decays into gamma photons. Each gamma photon has a wavelength
of 1.25 × 10−14 m.
energy of photon = J
Which row shows the particles that could be created in this decay?
Tick () one box.
[1 mark]
μ− + νμ
e− + ve
e − + νe
e− + e+ + e− 13
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0 2 A glass block is coated with a layer of transparent material. box
Figure 1 shows the incident ray and the reflected rays when monochromatic light is
shone onto the upper surface of the transparent layer.
Figure 1
When light reflects at the upper and lower surfaces, there is a change of phase.
In this case, the change of phase is the same at each surface and so can be ignored.
When the monochromatic light is incident normally on the upper surface of the layer,
A and B meet and interfere.
Assume that the light is incident normally on the upper surface throughout this
question.
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0 2 . 1 Figure 2 shows how A and B vary with time at the upper surface. box
Figure 2
Explain why destructive interference occurs at the upper surface for this thickness.
[3 marks]
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The frequency of the monochromatic light incident on the layer is changed. box
Figure 3 shows how A and B vary with time at the upper surface for this light.
Figure 3
resultant =
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The frequency of the light in Figure 3 is 4.72 × 1014 Hz. box
0 2 . 4 89 nm is the minimum thickness that will produce a phase difference of 137° between
A and B.
refractive index = 12
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0 3 A student sits near a lake on a sunny day. box
Some sunlight is reflected from the surface of the lake. Sunlight is also reflected from
objects submerged beneath the surface of the lake. The light reflected from the
surface makes it difficult to see the submerged objects.
Sunlight that reflects from the surface of the lake is horizontally polarised. Sunlight
that reflects from the submerged objects is unpolarised.
The student puts on a pair of Polaroid sunglasses. The amount of light he sees
reflected from the surface is significantly reduced.
Explain why the student can now see the submerged objects more clearly.
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box
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There are no questions printed on this page box
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0 4 Figure 4 shows an archer using a bow in a competition. box
Figure 4
The archer exerts a force F to pull point P on the string back through a distance s.
0 4 . 1 Figure 5 is a simplified diagram of the bow string showing the forces acting on P.
The tension in the string is T and the string makes an angle of 75° to the horizontal.
Figure 5
Calculate T.
[2 marks]
T= N
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The bow is designed so that F varies with s as shown in Figure 6. box
Figure 6
The archer pulls P back by a distance s of 0.22 m and then releases the arrow in a
horizontal direction.
Assume that there are no resistive forces acting on the arrow as it is released.
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The arrow is replaced with a different arrow of mass m. box
The archer pulls P back by a distance sr so that the energy stored in the bow is 64 J
and F is 160 N.
0 4 . 3 Deduce sr.
[2 marks]
sr = m
The arrow leaves the bow in a horizontal direction with a velocity of 190 km h−1.
Calculate m.
[3 marks]
m= kg 9
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0 5 Figure 7 shows a robotic helicopter that is used on Mars. The helicopter is powered box
Figure 7
Figure 8 shows the helicopter hovering at a constant height above the surface of
Mars. The rotor blades move a column of atmospheric gas vertically downwards at a
velocity of 17.2 m s−1. The diameter of this column is 1.2 m.
Figure 8
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0 5 . 1 The gas moved by the rotor blades has a density of 0.020 kg m−3. box
Show that the helicopter moves approximately 0.4 kg of gas every second.
[3 marks]
The movement of the gas creates an upward force on the helicopter. This upward
force enables the helicopter to hover at a constant height.
mass = kg
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0 5 . 3 The battery stores 0.035 kW h of energy before a flight. box
Determine the percentage of the initial energy stored in the battery that is transferred
during the flight.
[2 marks]
percentage = %
0 5 . 4 The helicopter has a maximum flight time of a few minutes due to the limited amount
of energy stored in the battery. The battery accounts for about 15% of the helicopter’s
mass.
A student suggests that adding another identical battery that doubles the energy
available to the helicopter would double its flight time.
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Figure 9 shows a simplified side view of the helicopter moving vertically upwards with box
Figure 9
The weight of the helicopter is the only force acting on it when the blades stop
rotating. Drag forces on the helicopter are negligible as it rises to a maximum height
and then falls back to the surface.
0 5 . 5 Calculate the time taken for the helicopter to reach its maximum height from the
instant the blades stop rotating.
[2 marks]
time = s
0 5 . 6 When the helicopter makes contact with the surface it has a velocity of 2.2 m s−1.
Calculate h.
[2 marks]
h= m
Question 5 continues on the next page
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0 5 . 7 A student suggests that the acceleration of the helicopter is constant from the instant box
the blades stop rotating until the helicopter makes contact with the surface.
17
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0 6 . 1 State what is meant by the emf (electromotive force) of a battery. box
[1 mark]
Figure 10
0 6 . 2 Calculate the number of electrons that pass a point in the circuit in 37 minutes.
[2 marks]
number of electrons =
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Figure 11 is the current–voltage characteristic for an LED used in the torch. box
Figure 11
0 6 . 3 Determine the power output of one LED when the torch is on.
[3 marks]
power output = W
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The battery has an emf of 12.0 V and an internal resistance of 1.5 Ω. box
resistance = Ω
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0 6 . 5 Another appliance is connected to the battery as shown in Figure 12. box
Figure 12
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END OF QUESTIONS
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There are no questions printed on this page box
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box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
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Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
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Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
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