Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

7407 1 QP Physics AS 17may23 AM - 1

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 28

Please write clearly in block capitals.

Centre number Candidate number

Surname

Forename(s)

Candidate signature
I declare this is my own work.

AS
PHYSICS
Paper 1

Wednesday 17 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes


Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a pencil and a ruler Question Mark
• a scientific calculator
1
• a Data and Formulae Booklet
• a protractor. 2
3
Instructions 4
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
5
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions. 6
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write TOTAL
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
• Show all your working.

Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 70.
• You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate.
• A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert.

*JUN237407101*
IB/M/Jun23/E7 7407/1
2
Do not write
outside the
Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box

0 1 A strong interaction between a negative kaon (K−) and a proton (p) produces
an omega-minus (Ω−) particle, a neutral kaon (K0) and an unidentified particle Y.

The interaction is:

K− + p → Ω− + K0 + Y

Table 1 contains information on the particles in this interaction.

Table 1

K− p Ω− K0 Y

Rest energy / MeV 493.8 938.3 1672 497.8 493.8

Baryon number +1 +1 0

Charge −1e +1e −1e 0

Strangeness −1 0 −3 +1

0 1 . 1 Complete Table 1.
[2 marks]

0 1 . 2 Calculate, in J, the rest energy of the Ω−.


[2 marks]

rest energy = J

*02*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
3
Do not write
outside the
0 1 . 3 Suggest how energy is conserved in this interaction. box

Refer to the rest energies of the particles in Table 1.


[2 marks]

The quark structure of the Ω− particle is sss.

The Ω− is unstable. It decays into a proton through a series of decays:

Ω− → Ξ0 + π−

followed by

Ξ0 → Λ0 + π0

followed by

Λ0 → p + π−

The Ξ0 and Λ0 are both hadrons.

0 1 . 4 Deduce the quark structure of the Λ0 particle.


[4 marks]

quark structure of Λ0 =

Question 1 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*03*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
4
Do not write
outside the
The products of the decay series include π0 and π− particles. These particles are box

unstable and decay.

0 1 . 5 The π0 decays into gamma photons. Each gamma photon has a wavelength
of 1.25 × 10−14 m.

Calculate the energy of one of these photons.


[2 marks]

energy of photon = J

0 1 . 6 The negative pion π− decays.

Which row shows the particles that could be created in this decay?
Tick () one box.
[1 mark]

μ− + νμ

e− + ve

e − + νe

e− + e+ + e− 13

*04*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
5
Do not write
outside the
Turn over for the next question box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE


ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

Turn over ►

*05*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
6
Do not write
outside the
0 2 A glass block is coated with a layer of transparent material. box

Figure 1 shows the incident ray and the reflected rays when monochromatic light is
shone onto the upper surface of the transparent layer.

Figure 1

A is light reflecting from the upper surface of the layer.


B is light that leaves the layer after reflection from the lower surface.

When light reflects at the upper and lower surfaces, there is a change of phase.
In this case, the change of phase is the same at each surface and so can be ignored.

When the monochromatic light is incident normally on the upper surface of the layer,
A and B meet and interfere.
Assume that the light is incident normally on the upper surface throughout this
question.

*06*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
7
Do not write
outside the
0 2 . 1 Figure 2 shows how A and B vary with time at the upper surface. box

Figure 2

In the layer, the light has a wavelength of 356 nm.


The thickness of the layer is 89 nm.

Explain why destructive interference occurs at the upper surface for this thickness.
[3 marks]

Question 2 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*07*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
8
Do not write
outside the
The frequency of the monochromatic light incident on the layer is changed. box

Figure 3 shows how A and B vary with time at the upper surface for this light.

Figure 3

0 2 . 2 Calculate the resultant of the waves at time P in Figure 3.


[2 marks]

resultant =

*08*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
9
Do not write
outside the
The frequency of the light in Figure 3 is 4.72 × 1014 Hz. box

0 2 . 3 The phase difference between A and B shown in Figure 3 is 137°.

Show that the time interval labelled t in Figure 3 is approximately 8 × 10−16 s.


[3 marks]

0 2 . 4 89 nm is the minimum thickness that will produce a phase difference of 137° between
A and B.

Calculate the refractive index of the material of the layer.


[4 marks]

refractive index = 12

Turn over ►

*09*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
10
Do not write
outside the
0 3 A student sits near a lake on a sunny day. box

Some sunlight is reflected from the surface of the lake. Sunlight is also reflected from
objects submerged beneath the surface of the lake. The light reflected from the
surface makes it difficult to see the submerged objects.

Sunlight that reflects from the surface of the lake is horizontally polarised. Sunlight
that reflects from the submerged objects is unpolarised.

The student puts on a pair of Polaroid sunglasses. The amount of light he sees
reflected from the surface is significantly reduced.

Explain why the student can now see the submerged objects more clearly.

In your answer you should:

• describe the nature of an unpolarised wave


• explain what is meant by polarisation
• explain the relative effect of the Polaroid sunglasses on the light reflected from the
surface and the light reflected from the submerged objects.
[6 marks]

*10*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
11
Do not write
outside the
box

Turn over ►

*11*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
12
Do not write
outside the
There are no questions printed on this page box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE


ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

*12*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
13
Do not write
outside the
0 4 Figure 4 shows an archer using a bow in a competition. box

Figure 4

The archer exerts a force F to pull point P on the string back through a distance s.

0 4 . 1 Figure 5 is a simplified diagram of the bow string showing the forces acting on P.
The tension in the string is T and the string makes an angle of 75° to the horizontal.

Figure 5

In Figure 5, F is 160 N and P is in equilibrium.

Calculate T.
[2 marks]

T= N

Question 4 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*13*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
14
Do not write
outside the
The bow is designed so that F varies with s as shown in Figure 6. box

Figure 6

0 4 . 2 An arrow of mass 21 g is placed in the bow.

The archer pulls P back by a distance s of 0.22 m and then releases the arrow in a
horizontal direction.

Assume that there are no resistive forces acting on the arrow as it is released.

Determine the initial horizontal acceleration of the arrow.


[2 marks]

initial horizontal acceleration = m s−2

*14*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
15
Do not write
outside the
The arrow is replaced with a different arrow of mass m. box

The archer pulls P back by a distance sr so that the energy stored in the bow is 64 J
and F is 160 N.

0 4 . 3 Deduce sr.
[2 marks]

sr = m

0 4 . 4 The bow has an efficiency of 0.82

The arrow leaves the bow in a horizontal direction with a velocity of 190 km h−1.

Calculate m.
[3 marks]

m= kg 9

Turn over ►

*15*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
16
Do not write
outside the
0 5 Figure 7 shows a robotic helicopter that is used on Mars. The helicopter is powered box

by a battery. Before each flight, the battery is charged by a solar panel.

Figure 7

Figure 8 shows the helicopter hovering at a constant height above the surface of
Mars. The rotor blades move a column of atmospheric gas vertically downwards at a
velocity of 17.2 m s−1. The diameter of this column is 1.2 m.

Figure 8

*16*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
17
Do not write
outside the
0 5 . 1 The gas moved by the rotor blades has a density of 0.020 kg m−3. box

Show that the helicopter moves approximately 0.4 kg of gas every second.
[3 marks]

The movement of the gas creates an upward force on the helicopter. This upward
force enables the helicopter to hover at a constant height.

The gravitational field strength on Mars is 3.72 N kg−1.

0 5 . 2 Calculate the mass of the helicopter.


[3 marks]

mass = kg

Question 5 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*17*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
18
Do not write
outside the
0 5 . 3 The battery stores 0.035 kW h of energy before a flight. box

The flight lasts for 39 s.


The battery has a power output of 340 W during the flight.

Determine the percentage of the initial energy stored in the battery that is transferred
during the flight.
[2 marks]

percentage = %

0 5 . 4 The helicopter has a maximum flight time of a few minutes due to the limited amount
of energy stored in the battery. The battery accounts for about 15% of the helicopter’s
mass.

A student suggests that adding another identical battery that doubles the energy
available to the helicopter would double its flight time.

Deduce without calculation whether the student’s suggestion is correct.


[3 marks]

*18*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
19
Do not write
outside the
Figure 9 shows a simplified side view of the helicopter moving vertically upwards with box

a speed of 0.55 m s−1.


At the instant shown, the helicopter is at a height h and the blades stop rotating.

Figure 9

The gravitational field strength on Mars is 3.72 N kg−1.

The weight of the helicopter is the only force acting on it when the blades stop
rotating. Drag forces on the helicopter are negligible as it rises to a maximum height
and then falls back to the surface.

0 5 . 5 Calculate the time taken for the helicopter to reach its maximum height from the
instant the blades stop rotating.
[2 marks]

time = s

0 5 . 6 When the helicopter makes contact with the surface it has a velocity of 2.2 m s−1.

Calculate h.
[2 marks]

h= m
Question 5 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*19*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
20
Do not write
outside the
0 5 . 7 A student suggests that the acceleration of the helicopter is constant from the instant box

the blades stop rotating until the helicopter makes contact with the surface.

Discuss this suggestion with reference to an appropriate Newton’s law of motion.


[2 marks]

17

*20*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
21
Do not write
outside the
0 6 . 1 State what is meant by the emf (electromotive force) of a battery. box

[1 mark]

Figure 10 shows the circuit diagram for a battery-powered torch.


The circuit contains three identical light emitting diodes (LEDs) and a resistor R.
The current in the circuit is 44 mA.

Figure 10

0 6 . 2 Calculate the number of electrons that pass a point in the circuit in 37 minutes.
[2 marks]

number of electrons =

Question 6 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*21*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
22
Do not write
outside the
Figure 11 is the current–voltage characteristic for an LED used in the torch. box

Figure 11

0 6 . 3 Determine the power output of one LED when the torch is on.
[3 marks]

power output = W

*22*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
23
Do not write
outside the
The battery has an emf of 12.0 V and an internal resistance of 1.5 Ω. box

0 6 . 4 Determine the resistance of R in Figure 10.


[4 marks]

resistance = Ω

Question 6 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*23*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
24
Do not write
outside the
0 6 . 5 Another appliance is connected to the battery as shown in Figure 12. box

The current in the battery is 3.5 A when switch S is closed.

Figure 12

Each LED requires a voltage of at least 2.9 V to light.

Deduce whether the LEDs will light when S is closed.


[3 marks]

13

END OF QUESTIONS

*24*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
25
Do not write
outside the
There are no questions printed on this page box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE


ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

*25*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
26
Do not write
outside the
box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

*26*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
27
Do not write
outside the
box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

*27*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1
28
Do not write
outside the
box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

Copyright information

For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet
is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk.

Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have
been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the
Copyright Team.

Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

*236A7407/1*

*28*
IB/M/Jun23/7407/1

You might also like