Special Issue - 2021 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2021 Conference Proceedings

Gas Detection System using Arduino

Raeesa1 Navashree2
Dept. of IS&E Dept. of IS&E
Yenepoya Institute of technology, Moodbidri Yenepoya Institute of technology, Moodbidri
Mangalore, India Mangalore, India

Relin Jane Mascarenhas3 Seema Jenitha Tauro4

Dept. of IS&E Dept. of IS&E
Yenepoya Institute of technology, Moodbidri Yenepoya Institute of technology, Moodbidri
Mangalore, India Mangalore, India

Mrs. Deeksha K R5
Assistant Professor
Dept. of IS&E
Yenepoya Institute of technology, Moodbidri
Mangalore, India

Abstract— The Internet of Things aims to automate the lives required. The data is retrieved for the requested data only
of the world by giving the direction with or without the human where as other data will be stored in the cloud which is
intervention which will automate the tasks which may be bigger hidden.
or smaller that we encounter. Because the Internet of Things Seamless connection between people, processes, and things is
intends to simplify operations, it is also feasible to use its
benefits to reinforce present security standards. The essential
now feasible because to the capacity to link common goods
goal of every project, protection, has not gone ignored by IoT. In such as kitchen appliances, automobiles, thermostats, and
open or closed situations, gas leakage may be dangerous and baby monitors to the internet via embedded devices. Physical
lethal. While traditional gas detection systems are quite objects may trade and capture each other. The characteristic
accurate, they are unaware of a few key aspects in the area of of the IoT are connectivity which is internet connectivity over
warning people of a leak. As a result, we've built the application the hardware to the system controls; things which is any
for both industry and the society which will detect the leakage of object which is connected over the internet; data which is
gas and also monitor the gas availability. Alerting techniques collected from the sensors or any electronic devices;
that include sending text messages to the relevant authorities as communication which the device is communicating with the
well as the ability to analyze sensor reading data. Nowadays, gas
leakage and detection are major concerns in our daily lives.
data and analyze the data generated; intelligence which is
Carbon pollution is a major issue that must be addressed. LPG based on the analysis of the data and the responding
gas is very flammable, posing a risk to both people and capability for the generated data for further process; action
property. To avoid such catastrophes, a significant amount of which linked to the intelligence where the manual actions
effort has gone into developing reliable systems for detecting gas may or may not be required ; and lastly, ecosystem which is
leaks. Some leak detection techniques were created to cause the important characteristics where the system or application
leak to be discovered since it is not always essential to know should be designed based on the effective results in
about the presence of a leak in order to take corrective action. environment where there is harm from the application.
Our major objective is to recommend a gas detection equipment The gas detection
that includes gas leakage detecting hardware to households in
the area. This can monitor and warn about harmful chemicals in
Operators in the area where the leak is occurring can be
the air at workplaces such as factories, and it may also be used alerted by a gas detector, giving them the chance to evacuate.
in households by alerting through an LCD display and sending a Because many gases may be hazardous to biological life,
message to a registered phone number. such as people or animals, this sort of equipment is essential.
Increased levels of these gases in the atmosphere will be
Keywords— LPG – Liquid Petroleum Gas, LCD – Liquid highly hazardous. These gases may be combustible at
Crystal Display, GSM- Global System for Mobile particular temperatures and humidity levels, toxic once they
Communications, MQ – 2 sensor, Arduino, IoT – Internet of exceed the required limits, or a contributing element in an
Things area's air quality, creating issues like smog and impaired
I. INTRODUCTION visibility, which can lead to significant injuries and even
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology where the things harm to people's health. Many civilizations have built-in fire-
are embedded which is connected over the internet like fighting systems.
software and the internet enabled sensors which is collecting
the data in the cloud. The data can be retrieved when it is

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Special Issue - 2021 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2021 Conference Proceedings

II. LITERATURE SURVEY III. METHODOLGY

The device which is used to detect the gas is already present The sensors are powered by microcontrollers, relays, LCD
the market which is widely used in many places like displays and a buzzer. This voltage regulation sector is
industries where there is plenty of chances of the explosion responsible for converting alternate power to direct current as
which may lead to massive destruction and the lose of man well as lowering the transmitted signal. The sensors can
power; in homes, where the LPG gas used most widely in our detect the gas leak. The sensor MQ-2 is employed here to
daily necessity where it can detect the leakage of LPG gas; in detect LPG levels in the air. The gasses in the range between
cars, where most of the vehicles contains the cylinder and 200 and 10000 ppm may be detected as well as the reaction
many more places. Dr. Walter Snelling was the first to time is quite rapid. The outcome of the sensors would be an
introduce LPG gas in 1910. It's a blend of butane and analog strength. A serial communication circuit converts the
commercial propane. It is very combustible, and numerous change from analog resistor to voltage. The microcontroller
accidents occur as a result of LPG leaks. As a result, it is reads that voltage. This analog voltage is digitally converted
necessary to identify and prevent gas leakage. Gas Detectors using a through 12-bit ADC.
can be classified in a variety of ways. They're divided into In the proposed system of gas detection system, the
categories based on the type of gas they detect, the application contains both the monitoring and detection of the
technologies that power the sensor's output, and the gases which are very harmful for the surrounding. In the
components that impact the sensor's operation detection of the gas, the sensor which is used to sense many
(semiconductors, oxidation, catalytic, photoionization, gases is MQ – 2 sensor. After the detection of leakage in the
infrared, etc.). In our daily lives, we utilize a variety of gas, the sensor sends the signal to the Arduino UNO for the
gadgets for various purposes, and the majority of them have further process where other hardware components are
the ability to emit any type of gas or chemical when in connected to each other. Through Arduino UNO, it send the
operation in the air. In many scenarios, it is difficult for signal to the LCD display for displaying the alert message as
human to keep an eye on the levels of the concentration of the “LPG Detected”, accordingly, the buzzer be on so that the
leaked gas or to detect whether there is leakage of gas or not. surrounding people will the alerted, as well as the main
If there is any leakage in gas when there is no one around, it power supply will be cut off. Using the relay of 5V, the
may cause explosion when there is even a spark or the power supply is given to on the Exhaust fan to remove the
surrounding will have the harmful gas which may lead to harmful gas from the surrounding. Even the Owner of the
suffocation and will lead to have health issues in breathing. application will receive the message through GSM module.
There are many application for detection and monitoring of
the leakage of gas, but still the researchers will make the
efforts in making the advanced application where the cost of
the application will be lesser.
Authors of [1] proposed system defines that detection and
monitoring of the LPG gas is sensed using MQ – 5 sensors.
In the system, when the leakage of gas is detected, the buzzer
will be on, along with that the alert message will be displayed
in the LCD. And while monitoring of gas based on the
cylinder weight, which is measured using the load sensor, it
will send the message to the owner of the application or
system.
Authors of [2] proposed system, the authors used the
pushbullet for the rapid transfer of the data of the message
using the Wi-Fi module which functions when there is
leakage of gas which is connected to the Arduino UNO.
Authors of [3] proposed system, the sensor which is used to
detect LPG gas is MQ – 6, for methane gas, the sensor used is
MQ – 4, and benzene is detected using the sensor using MQ – In the monitoring system, the LPG cylinder is considered
135 respectively. The output of the sensors will be given in where the application is using the load sensor to weigh the
form of PPM. Further, ESP32 is used for the sending and cylinder. If the threshold value which is set to 3Kg is greater
receiving of the messages. than the volume of the Cylinder, then the signal is sent to
Authors of [4] proposed system, the application is for the Arduino Uno which then proceeds the signal to the GSM
monitoring of the gas where it sends the message. modem which will send the SMS to the agency for booking
NodeMCU’s is powered as the sensors where the load of the Gas cylinder. It is then stored the status of the booking
sensors always monitor the cylinder. If the weight is less, the web page which will be easier to use.
then it will be displayed using ubidots. The system which is proposed has the features like;
Authors of [5] proposed system, where the LPG gas 1. Gas leakage is sensed using MQ-2 sensor, when it is
management is proposed for the cost which is low. Along more than threshold value given which is interfaced by
with detection and monitoring, the system also calculate the Arduino UNO.
temperature and humidity concentration. 2. The buzzer will be on to notify the surrounding people.

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Special Issue - 2021 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2021 Conference Proceedings

3. Using the relay on, the power supply will be off and then HX711 output into kilogram weight as well as shows
there will a display on the LCD for detection of the alert something on an LCD.
message like “LPG gas detected!”. 4. LCD Display: The LCD is a flat-screen display with the
4. When the application is on, the exhaust fan will on to main operative mode of using liquid crystals. For
pull out the gas which is leaked from the surrounding. businesses and customers the usage of LEDs in desktops,
5. Load sensor is used to weigh the LPG cylinder. tv, computer monitors as well as computer monitors is
6. The threshold value is set to the 3Kg, where the volume broad and different. The use applications are extensively
of the cylinder is below the threshold value then the employed.
message is sent to the agency for booking of the LPG gas 5. Arduino UNO: Arduino Uno is a microcontroller sensor
cylinder. module on ATmega3288 (datasheet). There are 14
7. The status of the booking is stored in the database for the incident electrical pins, six analog inputs, a 16 MHz cells
purpose of checking the status regularly. and the environment, a USB connection, a charging port,
In the proposed system, there are two functions that is an ICSP as well as a backspace key (of which 6 can be
leakage of LPG gas detection ---and the monitoring of the used as PWM outputs). The microcontroller provides
gas. The gas detection is done using MQ–2 sensor because it everything you need to support.
can detect hazardous gases including LPG gas. The proposed 6. Buzzer: Maybe a piezo buzzer is known as the Arduino
system will the used both for the industry as well as the buzzing. Essentially, you can link a small speaker
household purpose. In case of home application, the gas is straight to an Arduino. Clients can make this sound like a
monitored, where the load sensor is used to weigh the noise at the frequencies they specify. This buzzer causes
cylinder. If threshold value is greater than the weight of the a piezoelectric reversal effect depending on the noise.
cylinder, then the application sends the message to the agency 7. Relay: Relay having 220V as well as a 5V input, when
for booking of the gas cylinder. The threshold value is set to needed, is utilized in the circuit to turn off electricity.
3kg of the cylinder. There are 5 pins in the relay. The digital pins including
its Arduino board are linked with one pin. One is linked
IV. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
to the switch to connect the 220V power source. This
Specification of a system requirements seems to be a
power is redirected to the devices through to the other
documentation or group of paperwork describing the platform
pin. Other 2 are grounded, one in the main energy source
as well as program application's characteristics and behavior.
and another one for the Arduino board.
It comprises a number of aspects which attempt to measure
8. Exhaust Fan: If the excessive gas released already makes
the functional requirement that users need to please their
it more likely of missing in order to counteract it, an
diverse users.
exhaust fan is used for evacuation. Exhaust fans usually
A. Hardware Requirement able to extract hot or wet air from the a small, localized
A full series of functionality, usable, efficiency, interaction, zone to let clean air from another place (maybe a door or
reliability, architecture, criticality as well as clearly a ventilation) in order to replace it. The heated air
explaining should be defined and analyzed by hardware. The extracted by an electric fan is pushed via a heat
minimum CPU speed, storage as well as disk space necessary exchanger and driven out outside.
for Windows is included in these requirements. In nearly all
instances, your hardware surpasses these specifications, V. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
ensuring that the capabilities operating on the server deliver System design involves developing systems aspects such as
sufficient performance. We thus use needs such as Arduino, structure, subsystems as well as parts, the ranging from
sensors and everything. various interfaces with information passing through the
1. MQ – 2 Sensor: MQ2 is amongst the most common gas network. System design might be regarded as an application
sensors throughout the MQ sensor series. The detection to research and development of systems approach. The
method performed on resilience shifts in sensing element process planning, implementation phases and engineering
whenever the gas comes into touch only with substance. design professions are inherently overlapping.
It also is referenced as nothing more than a Gas Sensor Flow chart shows the whole range of operations to be carried
of metals metal oxides style. Gas concentration can out by the proposed gas leak detecting system. The
indeed be detected via a network of simple voltage components are started at the right position. The sensors
splitters. detect gasses in the environment. The simple presence of
2. GSM module: The main use of a GSM module, including LPG throughout the air is here sensed with the MQ-2 sensor.
the SIM 900, is to connect to a desktop with several These sensors have the quick response time. If the
refers to many types including such TTL Output (for concentration of the gas is present in the air, then all the
Arduino, 8051 as well as other microcontrollers) and devices at the place will be powered OFF. The system will
RS232 Output that directly interacts with a desktop. ON the exhaust fan in order to pull out the gas present in the
3. Load sensor: The load cell senses the weight as well as environment. The LCD will display the alert message
supplies an analog electrical voltage to the HX711 Load whereas the buzzer will alert to the surrounding. The
Amplifier Module. HX711 is really a 24-bit ADC that notification will be sent to the owner. To send the message to
enhances the output including its charging cell and registered number, the GSM modem is required because it
transforms it digital. This increased value was sent into will help to send the signal to the number.
the Arduino. Arduino currently detects and converts the

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Special Issue - 2021 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2021 Conference Proceedings

In case of home application, the gas is monitored, of the main problems, while there are numerous ways. This
where the load sensor is used to weigh the cylinder which study therefore provided a new approach, depending on
will about 3 kg. The threshold value is set on the basis of the microcontroller, for gas reservation and gas detectors.
weight where the cylinder detects for every 30 mins. If the The sensor employed in this version is capable to monitor,
value of less than or equal to the threshold value, then load identify and inform the client to the remainder of the
sensor sends the signal interface to Arduino UNO, where this pressurized gas, and to also take certain actions without
will send the message to the number which is being registered obstructing the prebooking of the new cylinder. This device
in the Arduino program. If the threshold value is greater the may be easily placed into an alert device or an LPG display
weight of the cylinder, then the application will send the indicator for extra advantages. It is a low cost but extremely
message to the agency for booking the new gas cylinder. efficient device for detecting gas leakage and may play a key
role in avoiding LP Gas leakage exploration. The major aim
of this effort is to maintain security and to make it simpler to
reserve gasses and detect leaks to prevent tragedies caused by
carelessness.

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