Structure of Atom

Assertion - Reason Questions
In the following questions (1 to 5), a statement of assertion is folowed by a corresponding

statement of reason. Of the following statements, choose the correct one:
Both assertion and reason are correct statements and reason is the corect
explanation ofof theEassertion.
B. Both assertion and reason are corect statements and reason is not the corect
explanation of the assertion.
C Assertion is correct but reason is incorect statement.
D Assertion is incorrect but reason is correct statement.
Assertion: Bohr model of atom fails in case of multi electron species.

Reason: It does not mention electron-electron repulsion.
Answer
2 Assertion: Both position and momentum of an electron cannot be determined
simultaneously with maximum accuracy.
Reason: The path of an electron in an atom is clearly defined.
Answer C
3 Assertion: According to Thomson model of atom, mass of the atom is
assumed to be uniformly distributed over the atom.
Reason: According to Thomson model of atom, positive charge is
concentrated in the centre of the atom.
Answer
Assertion: Electronic configuration of helium is 1S2.
Reason: Hund's rule demands that the configuration should display maximum
stability.
Answer
5 Assertion: The outer electronic configuration of Cr and Cu are 3d54s' and

3d104s' respectively.
Reason: Electrons are filed in orbitals in order of increasing energies given by
(n+) rule.
Answer
Very Short Answer Questions(one word or one sentence) (One mark questions)
1 In the multi-electronic atoms, indicate the orbital which has lower
energy? 4s or 3d?
Answer: 4s
2 How many unpaired electrons are present in zinc?
Answer: It has no unpaired electrons.
3 Write the electronic configuration of an element having atomic number 25.
Answer Mn- [Arj1a4s?3d5
Write de Broglie relation.
Answer: = h/mv (symbols have their usual significance).
5 Write the mathematical form of Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
Answer: Ax. Ap 2 hl4TT (symbols have their usual significance).
6 State one defect of Bohr model of atom.
Answer: It can not explain Stark effect.
7 Is an electron stationary in stationary energy state?
Answer: No, the electron is not stationary. Only the energy associated with it is
stationary.
8: State one point of Planck's Quantum theory.
Answer: Atoms and molecules could emit or absortb energy only in discrete
quantities and not in a continuous manner.
OR
The energy (E) of a quantum of radiation is proportional to its frequency and is given
by:E hv (h= planck constant = 6.626 x 10-*Js), v(neu) = frequency.
State Pauli's exclusion principle.
Answer: No two electrons can have all the four quantum numbers same.
10 State all the four quantum numbers.
Answer: Principal quantum numbers, Azimuthal quantum numbers, magnetic
quantum number and spin quantum number.
11 Explain why atoms with half-filled and completely filled orbitals have extra
stability?
Answer: Due to exchange energy and symmetry.
12 Which quantum number specifies the shape of an orbital?
Answer: Azimuthal quantum number.
13 Which of the following orbitals are not possible?
2s,2p,3f,3d.
Answer: 3f
14 What do you understand by Hund's rule?

Answer: For the orbitals like p.d,f which have degenerate states, the pairing of
electrons take pace after all the orbitals getting singly filled.
15 What are the shapes of the following orbitals: d., and da
Answer: dy has clover leaf shape (double dumb-bel) and d. has dough-nut shape.
Multiple Choice Questions (Single correct option)
A p-orbital can accommodate up to :
A) four electrons B) six electrons
C) two electrons with parallel spin D) two electrons with opposite spins
Answer:B
2 Principal quantum number of an atom is related to the:
A) size of the orbital B) spin angular momentum
C) orientation of the orbital in space D) orbital angular momentum
Answer:A
3 Quantum numbersn=2, l = 1 represent:
A) 1s orbital B) 2s orbital C) 2p orbital D) 3d orbital
Answer: C
For principal quantum number n = 4, the total number of orbitals having I =3

is A) 3 B) 7 C) 5 D) 9
Answer:B
5 The electronic configuration of titanium is:
A) [Ar]i4s?3d' B) [Arj184s?3d3 C) [Ar]84s'3d² D) (Ar|i94s'4p?
Answer C
6 Which expression represents de Broglie relationship:
A) h/mv =p B) A= h/mv C)A= h/mp D) Am = v/p
Answer: B
Which of the following series of transitions in the spectrum of hydrogen falls in

visible region ?
A) Paschen series B) Lyman series C) Balmer series D) Brackett series
Answer: C
Which one of the following statements rules out the existence of definite paths
of electrons and other similar particles?
A) Pauli's exclusion principle B) de Broglie relationship
C) Aufbau principle D) Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Answer: D
Rutherford's gold foil experiment drew the following conclusion:

A) mass of the atom is assumed to be uniformly distributed over the ato
B) an atom possesses a spherical shape in which the positive charge is
uniformly distributed
C) most of the space in the atom is empty
D) none of these
Answer: C
10 Half-filled and completely filled shells have extra stability due to
A) Pauli's exclusion principle B) Hund's rule
C) Symmetrical distribution of electrons and exchange energy
D) Aufbau principle
Answer:C
Section-C: Two Marks Questions

State twO postulates of Bohr model of atom.
Answer: Bohr's postulates of hydrogen atom:
a. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in some selected permissible orbits
called stationary orbits.
b. The angular momentum of an electron in a stationary state is an integral multiple
of h/2TT (mvr = nh/2Tr).The symbols have their usual significances.
2 Explain Pauli's exclusion principle with an example.
Answer: Pauli's exclusion principle: No two electrons can have all the four quantum
numbers same.
Example: For Heliurn the three quantum numbers are same but fourth quantum
number (spin quantum number) is different.
E.C. of He: 1s2
For 1st electron, n=1,=0,m=0 and S=+1/2.
For 2nd electron n=1,l=0,m=0 and S= -1/2.
3 Which one of the following electronic configurations is correct for
chromium? a) [Ar18 4s?3d or b) [Ar]8 4s'3d°?
Justify your answer.
Answer: b) [Ar]l8 4s'3d5 is correct as half-filled orbitals are more stable than nearly
half-filled orbitals due to exchange energy and more symmetry.
4 Out of the following., which electronic configurations is correct for nitrogen?
Give reason in support of your answer.
a) 1s² 2s² 2p:' 2p,"2p, b) 1s² 2s² 2p? 2p, 2p,°
c) 1s² 2s² 2p.' 2p, 2p.0
Answer: a) 1s? 2s² 2p,' 2p,2p,' is correct.
Reason: According to Hund's rule, for the orbitals like p.d,f which have degenerate
states, the pairing of electrons take pace after all the orbitals getting singly filled.
5 Designate the orbitals using s, p. d and f notations which are applicable:
a) n=4, I=2 b) n=5, =1
Answer a) 4d b) 5p.
6 Write the electronic configuration of the following ions?
a) Na b) 02
Answer: a) Configuration of Na =1s2 2s² 2p°3s' and Na' =1s² 2s² 2ps
b) Configuration of O=1s² 2s² 2p and 02 =1s² 2s² 2ps
Three marks Questions
1a) Write de Broglie equation.
b) What will be the wavelength of a ball of mass 0.1 kg moving with a velocity of 10
meter per second. Given : Planck's constant (h) = 6.626 x1034 Js.
Answer a): de Broglie equation: A= h/mv (symbols have usual significances).
b) According to de Broglie equation: A= h/mv
Given: h= 6.626 x 10-34 Js, m=0.1 kg, v= 10 m s1
A= h/my = (6.626 x 1034) / (0.1x 10) = 6.626 x 1034 m.
2 Write the significance (one point) of each of the following:
a) Principal quantum number b) Azimuthal quantum number
c) Magnetic quantunm number.
Answer: Significance of principal Quantum number(n): The principal quantum
number determines the size and to large extent the energy of the orbital. It also
identifies the shell.
Significance of azimuthal Quantum number(): It defines the 3-dimensional shape of
the orbital.
Significance of magnetic Quantum number(m): It gives information about the spatial
orientation of the orbital with respect to standard set of co-ordinate axis.
3 State the following: a) Aufbau principle, b) Hund's rule of maximum
multiplicity c)Heisenberg Uncertainty principle.
Answer: a) Aufbau principle: In the ground state of the atoms, the orbitals are filled
with electrons in order of their increasing energies.
It means the lower energy orbitals are filled first followed by higher energy orbitals.
b) Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity:
In the orbitals likep, d, f etc which have degenerate states, the pairing of electrons
takes place after all the orbitals getting singly filled.
c) Heisenberg Uncertainty principle:It is impossible to determine simultaneously the
exact position and exact momentum or velocity of subatomic particles like electrons.
4a) The uncertainty in the position ofa moving bullet of mass 10 gis 10 m.
Calculate the uncertainty in its velocity.
(Given:h=6.626x10 Js).
Answer: According to Heisenberg Uncertainty principle :
Ax. Ap 2 h/4TT
Ax. m(Av) 2 hl4
Given: h= 6.626 x 10-34 Js,Ax=10:5 m, m=10g =102kg.
Av= h/4TTm(Ax)
Av= (6.626 x 10-34)/(4 x 3.14 x 102 x 105) =5.27 x 10:28 ms Ans)

Structure of Atom

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Assertion - Reason Questions

In the following questions (1 to 5), a statement of assertion is folowed by a corresponding

Assertion: Bohr model of atom fails in case of multi electron species.

5 Assertion: The outer electronic configuration of Cr and Cu are 3d54s' and

14 What do you understand by Hund's rule?

For principal quantum number n = 4, the total number of orbitals having I =3

Which of the following series of transitions in the spectrum of hydrogen falls in

Rutherford's gold foil experiment drew the following conclusion:

Section-C: Two Marks Questions

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