ISSN No: 2348-4845

International Journal & Magazine of Engineering,

Technology, Management and Research
A Peer Reviewed Open Access International Journal

Modified SFBC Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM

Systems Using Alternative Signal Method

Pokala Venkateswara Rao Harsha Vardhan Anil Sooram Dr.J.Sasi Kiran

Vidya Vikas Institute of Velagapudi Vidya Vikas Institute of Vidya Vikas Institute of
Technology. Vidya Vikas Institute of Technology. Technology.
Technology.

ABSTRACT: The info rate on every of the sub channels is far but the
overall rate, and therefore the corresponding sub channel
Increased knowledge rates and irresponsibleness square information measure is far but the total system informa-
measure the 2 key factors needed to support rising mul- tion measure. The amount of sub streams is chosen to in-
timedia system applications and new communications sure that every sub channel contains a band dimension but
technologies. The 2 techniques utilized in high rate trans- the coherence information measure of the channel, that
mission square measure orthogonal frequency division the sub channels expertise comparatively flat weakening.
multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple-input multiple-output Thus, the Inter-Services Intelligence on every sub channel
(MIMO) theme. The OFDM is employed to mitigate the is tiny. Moreover, within the distinct implementation of
matter of lay to rest image interference (ISI) and pro- OFDM, usually known as distinct multi tone (DMT), the
vides smart protection against co-channel interference Inter-Services Intelligence is utterly eliminated through
and noise. MIMO system helps to scale back attenuation the employment of a cyclic prefix. The sub channels in
and may be used for decreasing bit error rate that’s spatial OFDM needn’t be contiguous, thus an outsized continu-
diversity or to extend the info rate that’s spatial multi- ous block of spectrum isn’t required for the prime rate
plexing. The mix of MIMO and OFDM is MIMO OFDM multicarrier communications.
system. One amongst the most important drawbacks of
in MIMO-OFDM systems is that the transmitted signal Recently, numerous algorithms of the PAPR reduction are
exhibits a high PAPR once the input sequences square projected for single-input single-output (SISO) OFDM
measure related to. During this paper, ASM schemes are systems within the literature, as well as clipping, nonlin-
wont to scale back peak to average power quantitative re- ear commanding rework, committal to writing technique,
lation (PAPR) in multiple input multiple output orthogo- selected mapping (SLM), and go lay sequence and there-
nal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) fore the coefficient issue estimation methodology. How-
system with area frequency block committal to writing ever, once these ways area unit used on to scale back the
(SFBC). The ASM theme reduces the procedure qual- PAPR in MIMO-OFDM systems, it ends up in increasing
ity and once ASM theme is employed with construction of the complexness and redundancy with the increasing
modulation (QAM). Simulation and results show that the range of antennas. Therefore, many new schemes are pro-
ASM theme reduces PAPR a lot of expeditiously than the jected specially for MIMO-OFDM systems, like the tac-
ASM theme. tic of the poly-phase interleaving and inversion (PII). The
simplest advantage of each the ASM and PII schemes is
I.INTRODUCTION: that they may give an honest PAPR reduction while not
signal distortion.
The basic plan of multicarrier modulation is to divide the
transmitted bit stream into many alternative sub streams However, the procedure complexness of the ASM and
and send these over many alternative sub channels. Usu- PII schemes is extremely high as a result of they have to
ally the sub channels area unit orthogonal below ideal implement some further inverse distinct Fourier rework
propagation conditions, within which case multicarrier (IDFT) operations and iterations of part improvement.
modulation is usually spoken as orthogonal frequency di- Obviously, the procedure complexness of the theme pro-
vision multiplexing (OFDM). jected in is reduced, that is at the price of losing PAPR
reduction.

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Where P peak represents peak output power, P average

means that average output power [E]. Denotes the mean
value, represents the transmitted OFDM signals that area
unit obtained by taking IFFT operation on modulated in-
put symbols. Mathematical, is expressed as
Figure1:-OFDM Block Diagram

Moreover, its optimum part rotation vectors conjointly

ought to be transmitted as aspect info to the receiver, lead- For associate degree OFDM system with sub-carriers, the
ing to loss of the info rate. During this paper, we have height power of received signals is N times the typical
a tendency to propose partial transmit sequences (PTS) power once part values area unit constant. The PAPR of
theme to cut back the PAPR of MIMO-OFDM signals. baseband signal [2] can reach its theoretical most at PAPR
For convenience and ease, the area time block commit- (db) =10logN. Another usually used parameter is that the
tal to writing (STBC) is used in MIMO-OFDM systems Crest issue (CF), that is outlined because the magnitude
during this paper. For the projected ASM methodology, relation between most amplitude of OFDM signal x (t)
original information sequences at 2 antennas area unit and root-mean-square (RMS) of the wave. during this
partitioned off into many pairs of sub blocks, and every MIMO OFDM system, SFBC codes area unit used as a
combine of sub blocks multiplies by various factors to channel committal to writing technique to try and do error
come up with completely different combine of sub blocks. correction and detection and ASM/ASM theme is used to
Then, the obtained new sub blocks area unit combined to cut back PAPR. The input bits area unit given to modula-
come up with ASM, that keep the structure and therefore tor wherever modulation of input bits takes ASM victimi-
the diversity capability of the SFBC. Finally, the combine sation M-QAM advanced constellation. The modulated
of other sequences with the tiniest PAPR is chosen to be signal is given by:
transmitted. Obviously, the factors of the chosen combine
of sequences need to be transmitted as aspect info. How- Sm (t) =Am g (t) Cos (2πfct)-As g (t) Sin (2πfct)
ever, if the factors area unit chosen significantly, the re-
worked combine of the constellation points corresponds
to just one combine of original constellation points. As
a result, the received combine of the constellation points
might confirm its corresponding original information
while not aspect info at the receiver. Simulation results
show that the projected ASM theme might give sensible
PAPR reduction, and therefore the ASM-SFBC method-
ology while not aspect info might give constant bit error
rate (BER) performance as that of the ASM theme with
MIMO-OFDM with 4-QAM and 16-QAM, severally.

II.PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO Figure2:-SFBC Based ASM Process in MIMO OFDM

IN OFDM SYSTEM:
Am and As area unit info bearing signal amplitudes of
It is outlined because the giant variation or magnitude construction carriers and g (t) is that the input-signal pulse.
relation between the typical signals power and therefore M-QAM modulated symbols area unit tried and true the
the most or minimum signal power in theory, giant peaks STBC encoder and complicated matrix Z is generated
in OFDM system is expressed as Peak-to Average Power specified symbols area unit coded through ASM and time.
magnitude relation (PAPR) and it’s sometimes outlined So, replicas of modulated symbols for block committal
as to writing area unit sent through 2 transmit antennas and
over 2 time slots.The encoded sequence can be found by

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 ISSN No: 2348-4845
International Journal & Magazine of Engineering,
Technology, Management and Research
A Peer Reviewed Open Access International Journal

Max (z (n))=sum(max(z(n))); Where i =1, 2, 3....

Zn_r=real (Z (n));
Zn_i=imaginary (Z (n)); Finally, the signal with the bottom PAPR is chosen for
transmission.
The encoded bits area is unit given to the OFDM modula-
tor, wherever the bits area unit mapped with the orthogo-
nal carriers. Associate degree inverse FFT is computed on
every set of symbols, giving a group of advanced time-
domain samples.

After OFDM modulation, ASM or ASM theme is applied

to cut back PAPR. Finally, the signal with minimum PAPR
is transmitted through its various antennas.

III.RESULT ANALYSIS
PAPR of MIMO-OFDM system is defined by
Figure3:-PAPR Reduction using SFBC+ASM in 256
Subcarriers

ASM with SFBC Scheme:

ASM primarily based area unit accrued with a complete

transmit power constraint over additive white mathemati-
cian noise (AWGN) channel. Moreover, we have a ten-
dency to derive the quantitative relations between PAPR
ASM Scheme reductions mistreatment SFBC (Space Frequency Block
Coding). So as to eliminate the over head individual to
The ASM theme is when STBC encoder, the coded facet data regarding the sequence of pre-coders used, we
knowledge is divided into sub blocks, and IFFT operation have a tendency to propose the utilization of pre-coded
is performed on every sub block wherever the frequency pilots.Key plan of the projected theme is keeping the
domain signals area unit born-again into time domain advantage of the SFBC structure to get some ASMs via
signals. Finally, ASM theme is enforced, within which combining the signals at completely different transmit an-
2 inputs area unit given to the ASM block one input is tennas. Specifically, once the projected theme is used in
from IFFT block and another input to ASM block is that SFBC MIMO OFDM systems with Quadrature-amplitude
the conjugate of the output of the IFFT block.Suppose the modulation (QAM),
output of the IFFT block is Y (m); [m=0, 1, 2 ...m-1], then
the two inputs to the ASM block will be t1and t2where,
t2=t1* ASM theme can generate new sequences that area
unit given by
T1’= [a (t1) c] ^m+ [bt2] ^m
T2’= [a (t2) c] ^m- [bt1] ^m
Where a^m and b^m are positive integers with a^m ≠ 0
c^m and 1 and 2 respectively. Then the alternate transmit-
ted signals are given by:
Figure4:-
SFBC Block
Diagram

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International Journal & Magazine of Engineering,
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A Peer Reviewed Open Access International Journal

For convenience and ease, the ASM–frequency block The most advantage of this theme is that there’s no got to
cryptography (SFBC) is used in MIMO-OFDM systems send any facet data to the receiver of the system, when,
during this project original knowledge sequences at 2 an- differential modulation is applied all told sub blocks. Dur-
tennas area unit divided into many pairs of sub blocks, ing this theme, the approaching input bits area unit di-
and every combine of sub blocks multiplies by different vided into smaller disjoint sub blocks. Input from every
factors to get different combine of sub blocks. divided sub block born-again from frequency domain to
time domain by mistreatment N-point inverse quick Fou-
rier remodel (IFFT). The time domain sequences area unit
increased by rotating part factors Z= [Z1, Z2, Z3...Zm]
^T, to attenuate PAPR then these sequences area unit then
more to make the OFDM image for transmission.The en-
suing time domain signal,

Xm is the time domain sequence and Øm can take the

Figure5:-PAPR Reduction using SFBC+ASM in 128 value between (0, 2π).
Subcarriers
Table:-Comparison between ASM and SFBC
with ASM

The main aim of this theme is to style Associate in nurs-

ing best part issue for every sub block set that minimizes
the PAPR. Finally, the signal with the bottom PAPR is
chosen for transmission.

Figure6:-PAPR Reduction using SFBC+ASM in 64

Subcarriers

ASM Scheme:

The Active Constellation Extension (ASM) is a horny

technique as a result of sensible PAPR reduction perfor-
mance and no restriction to the amount of subcarriers Figure7:
[13]. It may be aforementioned that ASM technique could Bar Graph
be a changed technique of ASM. ASM technique works for ASM and
higher than ASM technique. SFBC+ASM

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IV.CONCLUSION: [6] A. E. Jones, T. A. Wilkinson, and S. K. Barton, “Block

coding scheme for reduction of peak to mean envelope
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economical PAPR reduction technique dedicated to MI- tron. Lett. vol. 30, no. 25, pp. 2098-2099, Dec. 1994.
MO-OFDM systems mistreatment SFBC codebook. The
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complexity SLM schemes for PAPR reduction in OFDM Author’s Details:
systems,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 58, no. 5, pp.
2916–2921, May 2010. P.Venkateswara Rao Graduated in B.Tech ECE in
2012 from JNTU Hyderabad. He is currently pursuing
[4] X. B.Wang, T. T. Tjhung, and C. S. Ng, “Reduction Masters Degree in M.Tech [WMC] from JNTUH Univer-
of peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM system using a sity, Hyderabad, R.R. Dist Telangana State,India.
companding technique,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 45,
no. 3, pp. 303–307, Sep. 1999. Harshavardhan Velagapudi working as Assistant
Professor in ECE Dept. in Farah Institute of Technology,
[5] S. H. Muller and J. B. Huber, “OFDM with reduced Chevella, R.R. Dist Telangana State, India. Post Gradu-
peak-to-average power ratio by optimum combination of ated in ECE (Embedded Systems) M.Tech. from VIG-
partial transmit sequences,” Electron. Lett., vol. 33, no. 5, NAN’S UNIVERSITY, Vadlamudi, Guntur, A.P .
pp. 368–369, Feb. 1997.

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He Graduated in ECE B.Tech. from JNTU kakinada. His He has served Vidya Vikas Institute of Technology for 10
research interests include Wireless Communications, Em- years as Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, HOD-
bedded Systems. He has published 1 research papers in CSE&IT & Vice Principal and taught courses for B.Tech
International Conferences, Journals. and M.Tech Students. At Present he is working as Pro-
fessor in CSE and Dean – Academics in Vidya Vikas In-
Anil Sooram Graduated in B.Tech ECE in 2007 from stitute of Technology, Chevella, Greater Hyderabad, R.R.
JNTU Hyd. He received Masters Degree in M.Tech Dist Telangana State, India. His research interests include
[ECE] from JNTUH University, Hyderabad. Presently he Image Processing, Cloud Computing and Network Secu-
is working as Associate Professor in ECE Dept. in Farah rity. He has published several research papers till now in
Institute of Technology, Chevella, R.R. Dist Telangana various National, International Conferences, Proceedings
State, India. His research interests include Wireless Com- and Journals. He is a life member of CSI, ACM, ISTE, IE,
munications, Embedded Systems. He has published 3 re- IAE, NSC, ISCA, IACSIT, CSTA, AIRCC, CRSI, GMIS-
search papers in International Conferences, Journals. He USA, Red Cross and Managing Committee Member of
has received best Teacher award from Farah Group. Computer Society of India. He has an editorial board
member of IJERT and Board of Studies Member of CVSR
Engineering College, Hyd. He has received Best Teacher
Dr. J. Sasi Kiran Graduated in B.Tech [EIE] from award twice from Vidya Group, Significant Contribution
JNTU Hyd. He received Masters Degree in M.Tech
award from Computer Society of India and Passionate
[Computers & Communications] from Bharath Universi-
Researcher Trophy from Sri. Ramanujan Research Fo-
ty, Chennai, M.Tech [CSE] from JNT University, Hydera-
rum, GIET, Rajuhmundry, A.P, India.
bad. He received Ph.D degree in Computer Science from
University of Mysore, Mysore.

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