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IGCSE BIOLOGY EDEXCEL 9-1

CHAPTER WORKBOOK

Human Influences
on the Environment
Air Pollution – Sulphur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide
1. Define pollution.

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2. State one natural and one human source of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere:

A Natural source:

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A Human source:

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3. Draw a flow diagram to summarise the formation of acid rain from sulphur
dioxide.

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4. In the boxes below explain four biological impacts of acid rain. You can write a
response or used labeled diagrams.

Effects on aquatic organisms Effects on plants

Acidic
water/soil

Aluminium
ions

Leached
minerals

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5. Lichen is an indicator species for air pollution.

a) Explain what is meant by the term “indicator species”.

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b) With reference to lichens A and B in the image below, outline how

lichens can be used as an indicator for sulphur dioxide levels.

Photo credit: pixabay.com

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6. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a potentially harmful gas.

a) Outline how cars can release carbon monoxide.

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b) Explain the danger carbon monoxide poses to humans.

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The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change
1.

a) Add labels to the diagram to summarise the greenhouse effect. Use the
phrases in the box.

Longwave radiation Shortwave radiation

Some heat radiated to Space Atmosphere containing greenhouse gases

Absorption and re-emission by Earth Trapped heat warms the Earth

Absorption and re-emission by greenhouse gases

b) Fill in the missing letters to name the greenhouse gases.

i) C_ _ _ _ _ n D _ _ _ _ _ _

ii)M _ _ _ _ _ e

iii) W _ _ _ r V _ _ _ _ _ _

iv) N _ _ _ _ _ s O _ _ _ _ _

v) Some _ _ _ s (Some chloroflourocarbons)

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2. Explain the ways humans are enhancing the greenhouse effect. Use the
headings to help you.

Cars, factories and energy generation

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Cattle farming

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3. Compare the greenhouse effect with global warming.

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4. Outline the term climate change.

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5. In the table below summarise the possible changes that may occur as a result
of increased greenhouse gas levels. For each one, suggest an impact this may
have on living organisms.

Changes Impacts on living organisms

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Ice and sea
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levels ...................................................... .......................................................
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Ocean
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currents ...................................................... .......................................................
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Global
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temperatures ...................................................... .......................................................
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Rainfall
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patterns ...................................................... .......................................................
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Water Pollution - Eutrophication
1.
a) Fill in the letters to list four things that plants need to survive.

i) S _ _ _ _ _ _ t
ii) W _ _ _ r
iii) C_ _ _ _ _ n D _ _ _ _ _ _ e
iv) M _ _ _ _ _ _ s

b)
i) Which one of the above is usually found in short supply in a natural
environment?

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ii) What do farmers add to their fields to account for this short supply?

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2. Outline how fertilisers may enter water systems such as rivers, lakes and oceans.

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2. Complete the sentences about eutrophication using the words below:

aerobic decrease oxygen

biodiversity algae nourished
microorganisms die light fish

Eutrophication, which literally means well-……………………………,

begins when fertilisers enter water. This encourages the growth of
plants as well as ……………………………, which can grow on the
surface of the water. This reduces the amount of
…………………………… which can reach the plants below so they
…………………………… due to lack of light. Dead plants and
algae provide lots of organic matter for …………………………… to
decompose. These decomposers use ……………………………
respiration, meaning they respire using …………………………… .
Over time, the oxygen levels …………………………… . Without
enough oxygen, …………………………… and other organisms
can’t survive in the water. Ultimately, eutrophication results in the
death of organisms and a reduction in …………………………… .

3. Define eutrophication.

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Water Pollution - Sewage
1. Outline the term sewage.

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2. Sewage that enters water systems such as rivers can be problematic. Explain
why this is in terms of the following:

Depleted oxygen

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Disease

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3. Outline how indicator species can be used to determine the level of pollution
due to sewage.

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 Deforestation
Triple Award
1. Deforestation is the clearing of a wide area of trees.

Explain why large areas of forest are cleared. Use the headings to help you.

Timber

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Agriculture
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2. Explain how “slash and burn” forest clearing can affect the carbon cycle.

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3. Explain how deforestation can affect the water cycle.

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4. In the table below summarise the negative impacts of deforestation.

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Habitats .....................................................................................................
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Soil .....................................................................................................

minerals .....................................................................................................
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Soil erosion .....................................................................................................
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Flooding .....................................................................................................
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Climate .....................................................................................................

change .....................................................................................................
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Lost natural .....................................................................................................

resources .....................................................................................................
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