F Paki-Check

Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Nagtahan, Sampaloc Manila
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL SUPERVISION AMONG CHILD IN CONFLICT
WITH THE LAW IN THE CITY OF MANILA
An Undergraduate
Thesis Presented to the Faculty
Of College of Criminal Justice Education
Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology
by
BARTOLOME, NIKKA
BUARON, REYMAR C.
HENISAN, ERRA MAE
MORIENTE, ANALYN P.
2024
Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez
ii
Institute of Science and Technology
College of Criminal Justice Education
CERTIFICATION
This thesis entitled “The Influence of Parental Supervision among
Child in Conflict with the Law in the City of Manila” prepared and
submitted by Bartolome, Nikka, Buaron, Reymar, Henisan, Erra Mae and
Moriente, Analyn in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology has been examined and is
recommended for the PRE-ORAL EXAMINATION.
M ANABEL D. RIVA, RCrim, Ph.D Crim(c)
Adviser
APPROVAL SHEET
Approved by the Oral Defense Panel on 12th of March 2024
with a rating of 2.00
--M ANABEL D. RIVA, RCrim, Ph.D Crim
Chairman
Hassanour P. Cali RCrim, Juan Leonardo B. Britanico

Ph.D Crim (c)
Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
DR.ANABEL D. RIVA, RCRIM PH. D CRIM

Dean, CCJE
iii
ABSTRACT
Title : THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL SUPERVISION AMONG
CHILD IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW IN THE CITY OF
MANILA
Researcher : BARTOLOME, NIKKA D.
BUARON, REYMAR C.
HENISAN, ERRA MAE
MORIENTE, ANALYN P.
Degree : Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Year : 2024
Adviser : MR. DERICK O. PERALTA
Rationale of the Study
The parental supervision plays a vital role in assessing
children in conflict with the law across the globe. This influence
holds significance both on a global scale and within local
contexts. Recognizing the importance of parental involvement in
assessing such children is widely accepted worldwide for its role
in reducing repeat offenses and facilitating successful
reintegration into society, including in countries like the
Philippines, which face significant challenges in addressing
juvenile delinquency.
iv
Internationally, extensive research consistently indicates
that effective parental supervision significantly decreases the
likelihood of delinquent behavior among young individuals. In the
Philippines, the influence of parental supervision at local social
welfare development agencies like rehabilitation centers are even
more crucial due to the nation's unique socio-cultural dynamics.
The Philippines places immense value on family and filial bonds,
with tightly-knit family structures serving as a cornerstone of
society. Nonetheless, factors such as poverty, parental absence
due to work migration, and the breakdown of traditional family
setups have contributed to a rise in juvenile delinquency rates.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to investigate the influence of parental
supervision on child in conflict with the law, focusing on the
dimensions of parental involvement, emotional support, and
communication quality. The research sought to answer the
following key questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex;
1.3 Relationship to CICL

v
2. How do the respondents assess the influence of parental
supervision in relation to the following:
2.1 Parental Involvement
2.2 Emotional Support Assessment
2.3 Communication Quality Assessment
3.Is there a significant difference on the assessment of the
respondents on the influence of parental supervision?
4. What are the problems encountered by the respondents during
the recovery period in relation to the above-cited variables?
5. What recommendations may be proposed to address the problem
encountered?
Research Method Used
The researchers used the descriptive method involves the
collection of data to answer questions related to the influence of
parental supervision among child in conflict with the law in the
City of Manila in terms of parental involvement, emotional support
and communication quality assessment. Data collection involved a
random-sampling technique in the City of Manila from 50 respondents
comprising child in conflict with the law, parents, and MYRC
staffs.
vi
Description of the Respondent
The respondent in this study are the thirty (30) child in
conflict with the law, fifteen (15) parents, and five (5) staffs
in City of Manila. As the focus of the study, these respondents
form a diverse group, coming from various backgrounds, cultures,
and life experiences. They are adolescents and young adults who
have been placed in the center due to various reasons, such as
legal issues, social challenges, or other circumstances requiring
temporary or long-term care.
Summary of Findings
The salient findings of the study:
1. On the respondents’ assessed the influence of parental
supervision among child in conflict with the law in the City of
Manila.
The indicators for the influence of parental supervision
among child in conflict with the law in the City of Manila as
evaluated by the child in conflict with the law, parents and
staffs are Strongly Agree, as evidenced by the overall weighted
mean of 4.80, in terms of parental involvement, emotional
support, and communication quality.

vii
2. On the results of significant difference among the
assessment of the respondents on the influence of parental
Manila concerning the variables mentioned above.
The obtained computed F value is 10.793 with a p-value of 0.000.
Since the p-value is less than the significance level (usually
0.05), the decision is to reject the null hypothesis (HO),
indicating that there are significant differences in the
assessment scores among children regarding the influence of
parental supervision in terms of parental involvement, emotional
support and communication quality.
3. On the respondents’ assessment on the problems
encountered on the influence of parental supervision among child
in conflict with the law in the City of Manila.
The overall weighted mean of 4.46, in terms of parental
involvement, emotional support, and communication quality
indicates that the respondents' indicators on the problems
encountered on the influence of parental supervision among CICLs
in the City of Manila as evaluated by the respondents are
(Always).
viii
This means that all respondents agree that all indicators
on problems encountered on the influence of parental supervision
among CICLs in the City of Manila are always experienced.
4. On the assessment of respondents on the proposed
recommendation to address the problems encountered.
The overall weighted mean of 4.97 suggests that the
respondents strongly agree to recommend the indicators to address
the problems encountered on the influence of parental supervision
among child in conflict with the law in the City of Manila in
terms of parental involvement, emotional support, and
communication quality.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were formulated.
1. Results manifests that there is indeed parental
supervision has a significant influence on the overall behavior
of CICLs. Moreover, increased parental involvement positively
influences the well-being of the child.
The researchers believed, as supported by the result of
this study that emotional support from parents is crucial
for a child’s overall well-being. Also, providing clear and

ix
consistent guidance through effective communication are
more likely to deter delinquent behavior in their children.
2. Child in conflict with the law, parents and MYRC staffs
perceived different assessment on the influence of parental
supervision among CICLs in the City of Manila in terms of
parental involvement, emotional support and communication
quality.
3. Results indicate that CICLs experienced and are faced
with numerous problems on parental involvement, emotional
support and communication quality assessed which crucially
influenced their overall behavior.
4. Respondents all agreed that there are numerous
interventions that may be proposed and implemented to address
issues concerning parental involvement, emotional support and
x
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researchers wanted to express our sincere gratitude to
all those who contributed to its success. Their support, guidance
and invaluable insights have been essential in shaping the outcome
of this research. The researchers extend their appreciation to
each individual who has made a significant role on this journey:
to DR. ANABEL DEL MUNDO, RIVA, Dean of the College of Criminal
Justice Education, for unwavering support and dedication to
academic excellence have been the cornerstone of this research
endeavor and, for their research paper advisers for their
dedication, expertise and constructive feedback have contributed
significantly to the success of this study.
To MR. DERICK O. PERALTA, Research Adviser, for their
invaluable guidance, expertise, and unwavering support throughout
the research process. The adviser's insightful feedback and
encouragement have been instrumental in overcoming challenges and
making meaningful progress. Their commitment to fostering academic
growth has truly made a difference in shaping the researchers
journey.
xi
To THE PANEL CHAIRMAN, giving invaluable advise and
thoughtful remarks that have influenced the research in meaningful
ways.
To THE PANELISTS, for their valuable insights and
constructive feedback. Their diverse viewpoints have greatly
enhanced the study’s analysis and discussions, enriching its
overall depth.
To all PROFESSORS of, College of Criminal Justice Education
for their time and cooperation;
To their PARENTS, for their unwavering understanding, support
and inspiration;
First and foremost, the LORD GOD ALMIGHTY, the foundation of
all power and strength from His Divine Guidance throughout the
course of this study.
N.B
R.C.B
E.M.H
A.P.M
xii
DEDICATION
To our parents
To our Family, Friends,
To the Criminology Profession
To our CCJE Family
N.B
R.C.B
E.M.H
A.P.M
xiii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGE Page
Title Page i
Certification ii
Approval Sheet ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement x
Dedication xii
CHAPTER
The Problem and its Background 1
Introduction 1
Theoretical Framework 4
Conceptual Framework 6
Statement of the Problem 9
Hypothesis 10
Significance of the Study 10
Scope and Limitation of the Study 11
Definition of Terms 12
Review of Related Literature and Studies 16
Local Literature 16
xiv
Foreign Literature 19
Local Studies 21
Foreign Studies 24
Synthesis 30
Methodology 32
Research Design 32
Population and Sampling 32
Description of Respondents 33
Research Instrument 34
Data Gathering Procedure 34
Statistical Treatment of Data 35
Presentation,Analysis and Interpretation of Data 39
Sub-Problem No.1 39
Sub-Problem No.2 42
Sub-Problem No.3 54
Sub-Problem No.4 60
xv
Sub-Problem No.5 73
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations 87
Summary 87
Conclusions 89
Recommendations 90
BIBLIOGRAPHY 92
APPENDIX 97
A. ACTION PLAN 97
B. SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 98
C. LETTER OF REQUEST FOR PERMISSION TO 106
CONDUCT THE STUDY
D. CERTIFICATION OF STATISTICIAN 110
E. CURRICULUM VITAE 113
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Frequency Distribution of Respondents 39
According to Age
xvi
According to Sex
According to Relation to the CICL
Table 4. Assessment on Parental Involvement 42
Table 5. Assessment on Emotional Support 45
Table 6. Assessment on Communication Quality 49
Table 7. Summary of Assessment 52
Table 8. Significant Difference in the Assessment 54
in terms of Parental Involvement
in terms of Emotional Support
in terms of Communication Quality
Table 11. Assessment on Problems Encountered in terms 60
of Parental Involvement
xvii
of Emotional Support
of Communication Quality
Table 14. Summary of Assessment on the Problems 71
Encountered
Table 15. Assessment on the recommendations in terms 73
of Parental Involvement
of Emotional Support
of Communication Quality
Table 18. Summary of Respondents’ Assessment 85
recommendation proposed to address the problems encountered
across different aspects of support and involvement.

CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
The role of parental supervision is crucial assessing child
in conflict with the law at social development office in the whole
world. This influence can be examined from both global and local
perspective. Globally, the significance of parental involvement in
assessing child in conflict with the law is widely acknowledged as
a key factor in reducing repeat offenses and facilitating
successful reintegration into society. The Philippines, like many
other countries, faces significant challenges in addressing
juvenile delinquency, making parental supervision an essential
component of the assessment process.
From a global standpoint, extensive research consistently
demonstrates that effective parental supervision significantly
decreases the likelihood of delinquent behavior among young
individuals. When parents actively engage in their children's
lives by providing guidance, support, and discipline, they
contribute to a positive environment that discourages delinquency.
Parental supervision encompasses various elements such as
monitoring activities setting clear expectations and

2
promoting open communication. These factors foster the development
of strong parent-child relationships and instill a sense of
accountability, positively influencing behavioral change in
delinquents.
In the Philippines, the influence of parental supervision in
local social welfare development office assumes even greater
significance due to the country's unique socio-cultural dynamics.
The Philippines places a high value on the importance of family
and filial piety, with close-knit family ties playing a central
role in society. However, factors such as poverty, parental absence
resulting from work migration, and the breakdown of traditional
family structures have contributed to an increase in juvenile
delinquency rates.
The parental supervision becomes vital in assessing child in
conflict with the law. Active parental participation enhances the
effectiveness of assessment programs within the social welfare
development office. By being actively involved in their child's
treatment plan, parents gain a deeper understanding of the
underlying causes of delinquency and can collaborate with
professionals to effectively address these issues.

3
Moreover, parental supervision facilitates the successful
assessment of child in conflict with the law into choosing a right
rehabilitation center for them by the help of social development
office. It provides a support system that assists young individuals
in maintaining positive behavioral changes and avoiding relapse
into delinquency. When parents continue to guide, offer emotional
support, and reinforce the skills learned during rehabilitation,
the prospects for successful reintegration significantly improve,
thereby reducing the likelihood of repeat offenses.
Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognize the challenges that
hinder the implementation of effective parental supervision in the
Philippines. Economic constraints, limited access to resources,
and the geographical separation caused by work migration can impede
parents' ability to actively participate in their child's
assessment process. Addressing these challenges necessitates the
collaboration of government agencies, community organizations, and
the establishment of support systems that empower parents and
families to fully engage in the assessment process.
In this study we will know how parental supervision holds
substantial influence in assessing child in conflict with the law
at local social welfare development office in the Philippines.

4
Also, the importance to globally recognized it as a vital component
in reducing delinquency rates and facilitating successful
assessment by the parental involvement to become even more
significant due to the country's cultural emphasis on family
values. By fostering strong parent-child relationships, promoting
accountability, and supporting the rehabilitation journey,
parental supervision contributes to long-term positive outcomes
for delinquents, reducing recidivism rates, and paving the way for
their successful reintegration into society.
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored to the Social Control Theory and
Delinquency by Travis Hirschi in 1969 that asserts individuals'
adherence to social norms and avoidance of delinquency are
influenced by the strength of their social bonds. These social
bonds encompass four key elements: attachment, commitment,
involvement, and belief. Parental supervision, as an integral
component of involvement and attachment, is a crucial mechanism
through which parents exercise control over their children's
behavior and reduce the likelihood of delinquency.

5
Parental supervision refers to the extent to which parents
actively monitor, regulate, and guide their children's activities.
It encompasses both direct forms of supervision, such as parental
presence, communication, and discipline, as well as indirect
forms, including parental knowledge, awareness, and guidance.
Effective parental supervision entails the establishment of clear
rules, consistent enforcement, and nurturing relationships
characterized by warmth, support, and open communication.
Delinquency encompasses a range of deviant behaviors,
including but not limited to criminal activities, substance abuse,
aggression, vandalism, and truancy. Delinquent behavior is viewed
as a consequence of weakened social bonds, leading individuals to
detach from conventional norms and engage in activities that
deviate from societal expectations.
Within the framework of Social Control Theory and
Delinquency, it is proposed that the level of parental supervision
exerted on delinquent individuals significantly influences their
engagement in delinquent behaviors. Strong parental supervision,
characterized by high levels of involvement, attachment, and
monitoring, is expected to reduce the likelihood of delinquency by

6
strengthening social bonds and reinforcing adherence to societal
norms. Conversely, inadequate
or inconsistent parental supervision weakens social bonds, leaving
individuals more susceptible to delinquent behaviors due to the
lack of effective control mechanisms.
Conceptual Framework
The researchers conceptualized the study of the Influence of
Parental Supervision among Child in Conflict with the Law in Local
Social Welfare Development Office using the (Input-Process-Output)
model as illustrated in Figure 1.
The INPUT consists of demographic profile in terms of age,
sex and relationship to CICL; assess the influence of parental
supervision in relation to the following parental involvement,
emotional support and communication quality and significant
difference on the assessment of the respondents on the influence
of parental supervision.
For PROCESS, it includes the researchers constructed survey
questionnaire, had the questionnaire validated, distribute of
survey questionnaire to the respondents, collection of survey

7
questionnaire descriptive research through internet and tabulated
of data, statistical treatment of data, analysis and
interpretation of result and constructing of conclusion and
recommendation. books and journals.
For OUTPUT it will be the assessment of influence of parental
Manila.
8
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
• Demographic •• Construction of
Profile in terms Survey
of: Questionnaire
1.1 Age •• Had the
1.2 Sex questionnaire
1.3 validated
Relationship to •• Distribution of Encouraged parents
CICL Survey to approach their
• Influence of Questionnaire to child’s situation
Parental with empathy and
the respondents
Supervision in understanding,
•• Collection of recognizing the
relation to the underlying factors
Survey
following: that may have
Questionnaire and contributed to
2.1 Parental
tabulated of data their involvement
Involvement in delinquent
•• Statistical
2.2 Emotional behavior.
Treatment of data
Support Assessment
• Analysis and
2.3 •
Communication interpretation of
Quality Assessment result
• Significant •• Constructing of
Difference on conclusion and
the Assessment recommendation
of
FEEDBACK
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

9
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to investigate the influence of parental
supervision on child in conflict with the law, focusing on the
dimensions of parental involvement, emotional support, and
communication quality. The research sought to answer the
following key questions:
2. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex;
2. How do the respondents assess the influence of parental
supervision in relation to the following:
2.3 Communication Quality Assessment
3.Is there a significant difference on the assessment of the
respondents on the influence of parental supervision?
4. What are the problems encountered by the respondents during
the recovery period in relation to the above-cited variables?

10
5. What recommendations may be proposed to address the problem
encountered?
Hypothesis
The researchers’ hypothesized in the influence of parental
involvement among child in conflict with the law has significant
difference between the respondents in the City of Manila.
Significance of the Study
The researchers expected this study to be beneficial to the
following:
STUDENTS (YOUTH). Although it is possible that they cannot
escape from insufficient parental supervision, this study will
help them to prevent the factors that may lead them to develop
delinquent behaviors, and they will understand the importance of
choosing their environment.
PARENT. The purpose of this study is to make the parents of
selected criminology students aware that their involvement in
their children's development, particularly in behavior and value
formation, has an impact on their children's holistic well-being.
PROFESSORS OF EARIST. Through this study, they will expand
their understanding on their students behavior and guide them to

11
be better and develop proper values that will enhance their well-
being.
MYRC STAFFS. Their insights and interventions contribute to
a more holistic understanding of the factors influencing juvenile
delinquency and inform targeted approaches to rehabilitation that
prioritize the well-being and successful outcomes of CICL.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. It will serve as their basis and
background for making further studies on this topic.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The subject of this study is to find out the influence of
parental supervision among child in conflict with the law in the
City of Manila. The study is composed of fifty (50) respondents in
the City of Manila.
The study focuses on how the respondents assess the influence
of parental supervision among child in conflict with the law in
City of Manila in terms of parental involvement, emotional support
and communication quality.
Moreover, the period of the study is throughout the academic
year 2023-2024.
12
Definition of Terms
For clarity and a better understanding of the discussion of
contents, some terms related to the study were defined
operationally and conceptually:
AGGRESSION. According to Collins Dictionary, it is a quality
of anger and determination that makes you ready to attack other
people.
ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR. According to Metropolitan Police, It is
a behavior by a person which causes, or is likely to cause,
harassment, alarm or distress to persons not of the same household
as the person.
AWARENESS. According to Free Online Dictionary, It means
having knowledge or discernment of something.
CHILD IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW. According to the PNP Manual,
It refers to a child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as,
having committed an offense under Philippine Laws.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY. According to Federal Criminal Law Center
(2013) , It means you may be held legally responsible for breaking
the law.
DELINQUENT. According to Merriam-Webster, It is usually a
young person who regularly performs illegal or immoral acts.

13
DELINQUENT BEHAVIORS. According to American Psychological
Association (n.d.) , It refers to a behavior violating social rules
or conventions
DEVIANT BEHAVIOR. According to Wikipedia, it is a peer-
previewed academic journal which focuses on social deviances
including criminal, sexual and narcotic behaviors.
EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY. According to Medigoo, Emotional
instability refers to rapid, often exaggerated changes in mood,
where strong emotions or feelings (uncontrollable laughing or
crying, or heightened irritability or temper) occur.
FILIAL PIETY. According to Dictionary, the important virtue
and primary duty of respect, obedience, and care for one's parents
and elderly family members.
HOLISTIC WELL-BEING. According to Healthifyme, it includes
body, mind, social, and spirit. The human body is interconnected;
our physical body depends on our mental state and vice versa.
INFLUENCE. According to Cambridge Dictionary, it cause
someone to change a behavior, belief, or opinion, or to cause
something to be changed.
JUVENILE. According to Oxford Dictionary (n.d.) , It refers
to young people.
14
PARENTAL SUPERVISION/GUIDANCE. According to Wikipedia, It is
a parenting technique that involves looking after, or monitoring a
child's activities.
PEER PRESSURE. According to Merriam-Webster, It is a feeling
that one must do the same things as other people of one's age and
social group in order to be liked or respected by them.
RECIDIVISM. According to National Institute of Justice, It
refers to a person’s relapse into criminal behavior, often after
the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a
previous crime.
REINTEGRATION. According to Science Direct, it allows for
greater psychological and social stability, and a person in this
process may feel more “settled.”
SOCIAL ISOLATION. According to Wikipedia, is a state of
complete or near-complete lack of contact between an individual
and society.
SOCIAL WELFARE. According to Investopedia, A social welfare
is a government programs that provides assistance to individuals
and families.
15
SOCIO-CULTURAL DYNAMICS. According to IOPscience, its is a
symptom of changing social structure and cultural pattern in
society.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE. According to Wikipedia, it is also known as
drug abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are
harmful to the individual or others.
TRUANCY. According to Wikipedia, it is any intentional,
unjustified, unauthorized, or illegal absence from

CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Local Literature
In the Philippines, the issue of child-in-conflict-with-
the-law (CICL) has been a long-standing concern for the
government, law enforcement agencies, and the society as a whole.
Among the factors that contribute to the delinquency of these
children is the lack of parental supervision, which can lead to
a variety of negative outcomes. In this literature review, we
will delve deeper into the influence of parental supervision
among CICL in terms of parental involvement, emotional support,
and communication quality.
Parental involvement is a crucial factor in the development
of children, especially those who are at risk of becoming CICL.
According to a study conducted by Santos and Morales (2021),
parental involvement is positively associated with the academic
performance and behavior of children. They found that parents
who are actively involved in their children's lives, such as
attending parent-teacher conferences, helping with homework, and
monitoring their activities, are more likely to have children
who perform well in school and

17
exhibit positive behavior.
Furthermore, emotional support is another important aspect
of parental supervision. According to a study by Tecson and Tan
(2022), emotional support from parents is negatively associated
with delinquent behavior among CICL. They found that CICL who
receive emotional support from their parents, such as empathy,
understanding, and affection, are less likely to engage in
delinquent behavior. This is because emotional support from
parents can help CICL develop a sense of belonging and security,
which can reduce their risk of engaging in delinquent behavior.
In addition, emotional support from parents can also help
CICL develop resilience, which is the ability to bounce back
from adversity. In the study of Dela Cruz and Reyes (2023),
emotional support from parents is positively associated with
resilience among CICL. They found that CICL who receive emotional
support from their parents are more likely to develop resilience,
which can help them overcome the challenges they face in their
lives.
Communication quality is also a significant factor in the
influence of parental supervision among CICL. According to a
study by Abad and Cruz (2023), effective communication between

18
parents and children is positively associated with the behavior
of CICL. They found that CICL who have open and honest
communication with their parents are more likely to exhibit
positive behavior and are less likely to engage in delinquent
behavior. This is because effective communication can help CICL
express their feelings and concerns, which can lead to better
understanding and support from their parents.
In addition, communication quality can also help CICL
develop social skills, which are important for their overall
development. Effective communication between parents and
children is positively associated with social skills among CICL
(Gonzales and Fernandez 2022). They found that CICL who have
effective communication with their parents are more likely to
develop social skills, such as empathy, assertiveness, and
cooperation.
In conclusion, parental supervision plays a crucial role in
the development of CICL in the Philippines. Parental involvement,
emotional support, and communication quality are all important
factors that can influence the behavior of CICL. By promoting
these factors, parents can help reduce the risk of their

19
children becoming CICL and contribute to the overall well-being
of the society.
Foreign Literature
Parental supervision is a crucial factor in reducing the
risk of delinquency and promoting positive behavior in children.
According to a study by Zenelaga and Hamzallari, the role of the
family in the education of children in conflict with the law is
crucial, and parents' negligence and lack of control over their
children can have important consequences, directing them towards
problematic behavior.
Risk factors in the family of delinquency of children or
children who conflict with the law include weak parental
supervision, conflicts in the family, the family has a history
of previous problematic behavior, and parents who support
problematic behavior. A study by Farrington and Welsh found that
predictors in families of abuse were poor parental supervision,
parental rejection of children, large family size, low parental
engagement with children, parental conflict, and antisocial
parents.
20
The family is also a protective factor against children who
conflict with the law when the family reduces the risk and
overcomes the child's problems. The family gives attention, love
and affection, protection, and security to the child so that the
child learns social aspects, rules, norms, and values. Children
learn to control behavior and have personal and social skills.
Another protective factor is the existence of family attachment,
the family provides opportunities to engage in pro-social
activities such as gathering, chatting with the family, engaging
in family decision making, and being able to convey freely when
having personal problems.
Parental involvement in the education of children is also
a crucial factor in reducing the risk of delinquency. According
to a study by Evangelista, academic involvement of parents is
still visible to their children in terms of peers, school
activities, and others. Parents are still involved in their
child’s learning with regards to other linkages he/she is in. It
is recommended that parents should participate and be involved
in the development of their children’s education especially
during their fundamental years because this stage will be the
foundations of children for them to accelerate in the next level

21
of higher education and the school should consider informing
parents on how much involvement they should give to improve their
child’s scholastic performance.
Parental supervision, monitoring, and involvement are
crucial factors in reducing the risk of delinquency and promoting
positive behavior in children in conflict with the law. The
family plays a crucial role in the education and socialization
of children, and weak parental supervision, conflicts in the
family, and antisocial parents can increase the risk of
delinquency. On the other hand, strong parental involvement,
positive communication, and a supportive family environment can
reduce the risk of delinquency and promote positive behavior in
children.
Local Studies
In the Philippines, the treatment of Children in Conflict
with the Law (CICL) is a pressing issue that requires the
attention of various stakeholders, including parents, social
workers, and government agencies. The Juvenile Justice and
Welfare Act of 2006 (Republic Act No. 9344) recognizes the right
of every child alleged as, accused of, adjudged, or recognized

22
as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner
consistent with the promotion of the child’s sense of dignity
and worth, taking into account the child’s age and desirability
of promoting his/her reintegration.
One of the key components of the Act is the implementation
of community-based rehabilitation programs, which aim to address
the issues that caused the child to commit an offense. The Local
Social Welfare and Development Office (LSWDO) is responsible for
supervising the CICL in coordination with his/her
parents/guardian and a member of the Barangay Council for the
Protection of Children (BCPC). They will come up with an
individualized intervention plan for the child and his/her
family. The LSWDO or the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) may require the parents of the CICL to undergo
counselling or any other intervention that would advance the
best interests of the child.
Parental supervision is crucial in the rehabilitation and
reintegration of CICL. The involvement of parents in the
intervention programs for CICL is essential in ensuring the
success of the rehabilitation process. Parents are responsible
for providing emotional support, communication quality, and

23
guidance to their children. The study by Cortel (2023) emphasizes
the importance of parental guidance in preventing children from
coming in conflict with the law. The study explores the
implementation of diversion programs for CICL in the Philippines
and highlights the challenges in the implementation of the Law,
including the slow processing of cases, lack in customized
interventions, duty-bearers’ insufficient capacity and lack of
awareness regarding their responsibilities and the rights of
children, and the LGUs’ weak commitment in implementing programs
for CICL.
The study by Atianzar (2022) determined the challenges
encountered by social workers in the implementation of
intervention programs for CICL. The study revealed that the main
challenge in the implementation of the intervention program is
the behavior of CICL and their parents towards the intervention
program. Therefore, building rapport both with the CICL and the
parents during the initial phase of the helping relationship
should be established.
Moreover, the study by Tuloy Foundation (n.d.) highlights
the importance of community-based rehabilitation programs for
CICL. The study emphasizes the role of parents in the

24
implementation of community-based rehabilitation programs and
aftercare support services. The aftercare support services shall
be made to prevent re-offending and shall be given for a period
of at least six months. These services could include life skills
development, livelihood programs, and membership to existing
youth organizations. The aftercare support services shall be
provided by the LSWDO. However, licensed and accredited non-
government organizations may also be tapped.
The influence of parental supervision among CICL in terms of
parental involvement, emotional support, and communication
quality is crucial in the rehabilitation and reintegration of
CICL. The studies by Cortel (2023), Atianzar (2022), and Tuloy
Foundation (n.d.) emphasize the importance of parental guidance,
community-based rehabilitation programs, and aftercare support
services in the successful rehabilitation of CICL.
Foreign Studies
Parental supervision and control significantly impact
adolescent behavior and delinquency. It is explored how varying
levels of parental involvement, support, and attachment
influence adolescent outcomes. These studies investigate factors

25
such as parental discipline, involvement in school activities,
and the quality of parent-child relationships. Understanding
these dynamics is crucial for developing strategies to prevent
delinquency and promote positive youth development within
diverse cultural contexts.
In the study of Porche Teshia Wynn, parental supervision
and control concerns the extent to which parents monitor and
discipline adolescents' activities. Many studies have explored
how supervision and control may influence delinquent behavior.
Stice, Barrera, and Chassin (1993), for example, explored how
different levels of parental control influence adolescent
problem behaviors, alcohol use, and illicit substance use. They
found that extremely high or low levels of parental control were
associated with adolescent problem behaviors and illicit
substance use. Similarly, Bates, Dodge, Petit, and Ridge (1998)
explored child temperament and parental control as interacting
predictors of behavioral outcomes. The study showed that
inconsistent parental controls were associated with adolescent
misbehavior. They also found adolescents' early resistance to
control predicted later problem behaviors more accurately when
mothers had a relatively low level of control (not much effort

26
in control) than when she had a relatively high level of control
(strict control efforts).
In addition, adolescents who were highly resistant to
control (extremely rebellious) but had parents who were high on
control were better behaved than those adolescents who were high
on resistance but had parents who were low on control. On the
other hand, the researchers observed that when parents were low
on control and adolescents were low on resistance, the best
environment for the adolescent to develop internalized self-
control was reached. Rankin and Wells (1990) questioned the
extent to which direct and indirect controls decrease the
probability of delinquency. They defined direct control as
negative sanctions for misbehavior and positive sanctions for
compliance. Indirect control was defined as a measure of
attachment in that children who value the opinions of their
parents commit less delinquency. Results of the study revealed
that direct controls such as severe punishment and other harsh
discipline methods were consistently positively related to
various delinquent behaviors. Also, punishment that is too
strict, frequent, or severe led to a greater probability of
delinquency regardless of parental attachment or indirect

27
control. However, inadequate or severe punishment does not
necessarily lead to greater risks of delinquency. Rankins and
Wells also found those who are attached to parents are less
likely to become involved in delinquent activities.
In terms of parental involvement and support to medium
levels of control and supervision, the effects of positive levels
of involvement, support, and attachment have been found to
positively effect adolescent behavioral outcomes. Several
studies uncover the significance of parental involvement,
support, and attachment in relation to adolescent behavioral
outcomes. Simons, Johnson, and Conger (1994) define involvement
as the warmth and affection, consistency in engaging in
monitoring and supervision, and the use of inductive reasoning
to explain rules and expectations by the parent.
Parental support describes the extent to which parents
assist adolescents in developing positive attitudes and
behaviors within society. Attachment is defined as the affective
ties develop between youth and their parents. Simons and
colleagues explored the effects of parental involvement on
adolescent behavioral development through examining the quality
of parental involvement and the impact of harsh corporal

28
punishment on adolescent outcomes aggressiveness, delinquency,
and psychological well-being Their results showed that negative
levels of involvement were predictive of negative adolescent
outcomes On the other hand, inconsistent corporal punishment was
not.
The study also showed that family or parental support and
attachment can serve as buffers or predictors of delinquent
behaviors. Also in relation to involvement, Paulson and Sputa
(1996) found that mothers were more demanding of adolescent
outcomes and responsive to adolescents needs than fathers were.
Mothers were also found to be more interested in schoolwork and
were more involved in school functions than fathers were. On the
other hand, their study found that as adolescents approached the
twelfth grade both parents were less interested in schoolwork,
less responsive, demanding, and involved in school functions
than when adolescents were in the ninth grade. Overall, as
adolescents aged, involvement levels decreased. When examining
support, Stice and colleagues (1993) found that low levels of
parental support were associated with adolescent problem
behaviors, alcohol use, and illicit substance use.

29
Barnes and Farrell (1992) examined the effects of parental
support on adolescent drinking, delinquency, and other problem
behaviors, such as running away from home, sexual relations, and
using marijuana. Using a representative household sample of 699
adolescents in Buffalo, New York, they found that general
parental support was a key socialization factor as well as a
critical predictor of adolescent behavioral outcomes even after
various familial demographic factors had been analyzed. They
discovered that parent child relationships that offer adolescent
support play a significant part in preventing adolescent alcohol
abuse and general deviance. Their study also showed that low
maternal support has more effect on girls' likelihood of becoming
delinquent than boys.
Overall, research show that parental involvement, support,
and attachment are important factors that influence adolescent
adjustment and delinquency. Studies show that high levels of
parental involvement, support, and attachment are inversely
related to delinquency. Studies also conclude that these factors
are critical components for the development of positive
behavioral adolescent outcomes.

30
Synthesis
According to Porche Teshia Wynn, parental supervision and
control concerns the extent to which parents monitor and
discipline adolescents' activities. Many studies have explored
how supervision and control may influence delinquent behavior.
Stice, Barrera, and Chassin (1993), for example, explored how
different levels of parental control influence adolescent
problem behaviors, alcohol use, and illicit substance use. They
found that extremely high or low levels of parental control were
associated with adolescent problem behaviors and illicit
substance use. Similarly, Bates, Dodge, Petit, and Ridge (1998)
explored child temperament and parental control as interacting
predictors of behavioral outcomes.
On the other hand, the present study came out significant
findings that different levels of parental supervision can
influence the overall well-being of the child. Extremely high or
low levels of parental control have been associated with these
negative outcomes. Additionally, parental supervision has been
found to interact with child temperament in predicting behavioral
outcomes. This suggests that parental involvement, emotional

31
support and communication quality is important in promoting
positive adolescent behavior and preventing negative outcomes.

CHAPTER 3
Methodology and Research Design
Research Design
The researchers used a descriptive research which highlight
its purpose, methods and other facts regarding the study. According
to Bayat (2007), descriptive research is collecting data that will
explain the situation more completely and will give objectivity to
current issues or problems. This method ensures that collecting
information for the study's variables are objective. It can give
a compound and clearer picture of a group. The descriptive is
considered appropriate since the process seek gather describe,
analyze and interpret. Furthermore, the researchers used survey
method with the use of questionnaire and interviews. Through this
method, the researchers has gathered information from the
respondents about the study. After which they tabulated, presented
and analyzed the data to come up with the findings.
Population and Sampling Technique
In this study, the researchers used a random-sampling
technique in conducting a research in City of Manila with

33
composed of fifty (50) respondents that requires a well-structured
approach to ensure the validity and representativeness of the
findings. To achieve this, a random-sampling technique in
surveying will be employed. Random sampling is essential as it
ensures that every youth resident in the center has an equal chance
of being selected as a participant, reducing bias and increasing
the generalizability of the results.
Description of the Respondent
The respondent in this study are the thirty (30) child in
conflict with the law, fifteen (15) parents, and five (5) staffs
in City of Manila. As the focus of the study, these respondents
form a diverse group, coming from various backgrounds, cultures,
and life experiences. They are adolescents and young adults who
have been placed in the center due to various reasons, such as
legal issues, social challenges, or other circumstances requiring
temporary or long-term care.

34
Research Instrument
The instrument was self-constructed survey questionnaire but
it was validated by the expert. The respondents were given six
sets of survey instruments. The first part consisted of the profile
of the respondents which includes their age, Sex, and relationship
to CICL. The last three parts comprised the respondents’ assessment
of the influence of parental supervision, problems that the
respondents encounter during their recovery period, and the
recommendation to be proposed to address the problems encountered.
Data Gathering Procedures
The following procedures were undertaken in gathering data
after the validation of the instrument:
1. Submitted letter of request to the Dean’s Office of College
of Criminal Justice Education for the conduct of this study.
2. Submitted the letter of validation of survey questionnaire
to the validator.
3. Submitted the letter of survey in the office of Manila
Development Social Welfare.
4. The questionnaires was distributed to the respondents in
the Manila Youth Reception Center.
5. The researchers collected the answered instrument;

35
6. The researchers checked, sorted and tallied the responses;
7. The researchers tabulated and computed the data gathered
with the assistance of the statistician, adviser and thesis
professor;
8. The researchers analyzed and interpreted the data; and
9. The researchers presented the data in textual and tabular
presentation with due consideration of the sub-problems and
hypothesis of the study.
Statistical Treatment of Data
After all the data and information has been collected and
tallied, the computations follow using the different statistical
tools. The result was reflected in a table purposely to make
analysis and interpretation easier.
The following statistical procedures were used to attain an
in-depth analysis of data.
1. Percentage. The percentage techniques are extracting the
percentage proportion of the numerical data. The formula used:
P = ------- x 100
n
36
Where P = percentage
x = number of cases or frequency
n = total number of cases
The percentage technique was used mostly in analyzing and
evaluating data about the demographic profile of the respondents
and to compare the magnitude of a frequency count in relation to
the whole.
1. Weighted mean. This was used for the quantitative measure of
the responses on the items selected from the scale of 5 to 1, going
higher points for the most and lesser pints for the least. The
weighted mean is composed of the accumulated responses to determine
the local weight which is typical of the respondent's response
using the formula:
∑fxw
WM = ----------------
∑N
Where:
WM = weighted mean score
f = number of responses falling under a given category
w = weighted assigned value of the variable
N = total number of responses in the act set

37
3. Likert Five-Point Rating Scale. This was used to determine
the Influence of Parental Supervision among Child in Conflict
with the Law in City of Manila. In order to make things easier
for the respondents, the questionnaire was structured in such a
way that answer to every questions could be made by simply
checking the designated space for their numerical answer, 5 as
the highest and 1 as the lowest from 5 - point scale.
The Likert Five - Point Rating Scale
Weighted Mean
Scale Range - Value Verbal Interpretation
5 4.20 - 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.40 - 4.19 Agree
3 2.60 - 3.39 Uncertain
2 1.80 - 2.59 Disagree
1 1.00 - 1.79 Strongly Disagree
4. Analysis of Variance or One - way ANOVA. This was used to
answer SOP 3 or the hypothesis or will be used to determine the
significant relationship on the assessment made by the respondents
pertaining to the Influence of Parental Supervision among Child
in Conflict with the Law in City of Manila using the formula:
∑wx
38
WM = ----------------
∑N
Where:
WM = weighted mean score
w = weighted assigned value of the variable
N = total number of responses in the act set

CHAPTER 4
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
Sub – Problem No 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms
of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex;
Table 1
The demographic profile of respondents in terms of age
AGE (in years) FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

19 and above 20 40.00
13 – 18 30 60.00
TOTAL 50 100.00
Table 1 presents the demographic profile of respondents
categorized by age. The data is structured into two age groups:
"19 and above" and "13 - 18." Among the respondents, 20
individuals, constituting 40% of the total sample, fall into the
"19 and above" category. Meanwhile, the majority, comprising 30
respondents or 60% of the total, are aged between 13 and 18 years.
Consequently, the total sample size is 50 respondents,
representing 100% of the surveyed population.

40
Table 2
The demographic profile of respondents in terms of Sex
Sex FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Male 33 66.00
Female 17 34.00
TOTAL 50 100.00
Table 2 displays the demographic distribution of respondents
categorized by Sex. The data is presented in two groups: "Male"
and "Female." Among the respondents, 33 individuals, representing
66% of the total sample, identify as male, while 17 individuals,
constituting 34% of the total, identify as female. The total sample
size comprises 50 respondents, encompassing 100% of the surveyed
population. This breakdown illustrates a higher representation of
males compared to females within the respondent pool, with males
comprising a significant majority at 66%. Conversely, females
constitute a smaller but still noteworthy portion of the sample at
34%.
41
Table 3
The demographic profile of respondents in terms of relationship
to CICL (Child in Conflict with Law)
Relationship FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Children itself 30 60.00
Parent 15 30.00
MYRC Staff 5 10.00
TOTAL 50 100.00
Table 3 presents the demographic profile of respondents
categorized by their relationship to a Child in Conflict with Law
(CICL). The data is structured into three groups: "Children
itself," "Parent," and "MYRC Staff." Among the respondents, 30
individuals, constituting 60% of the total sample, identify
themselves as CICL. Meanwhile, 15 respondents, comprising 30% of
the total, are parents of CICL. Additionally, 5 respondents,
representing 10% of the total, are identified as MYRC Staff.
Consequently, the total sample size is 50 respondents,
representing 100% of the surveyed population. This distribution
highlights that most respondents are CICL themselves, followed by
parents of CICL, with MYRC Staff comprising the smallest proportion
of the sample.
42
Sub – Problem No 2. How do the respondents assess the influence of
parental supervision in relation to the following:
2.3 Communicative Quality Assessment
Parental Involvement
Table 4
The assessment of respondents to the influence of parental
supervision in relation to parental involvement
Child Staff Parent Composite

INDICATOR Rank
W.M. V.I. W.M. V.I. W.M. V.I. W.M. V.I.
1. I believe
that
increased
parental
involveme
nt Stron
Strongly Strongly Strongly
positivel 4.33 4.87 5.00 4.73 gly 3
Agree Agree Agree
y Agree
influence
s the
well-
being of
the child.
2. Limited
communica
tion
between
parents
and Stron
children 4.53 4.53 4.60 4.56 gly 4
Agree Agree Agree
contribut Agree
es to
behaviora
l
challenge
s.
3. The
absence of Stron
clear 4.93 4.67 5.00 4.87 gly 2
Agree Agree Agree
boundarie Agree
s due to
43
parental
guidance
affects a
child ’ s
decision-
making and
behavior.
4. Parental
involveme
nt or lack
thereof
affects a
child ’ s Strongly
3.90 Agree 3.67 Agree 5.00 4.19 Agree 5
engagemen Agree
t with
positive
peer
relations
hip.
5. Consisten
t parental
monitorin
g and
supervisi
Stron
on play a Strongly Strongly Strongly
4.87 5.00 5.00 4.96 gly 1
key role Agree Agree Agree
Agree
in
deterring
delinquen
t
behavior.
STRON
General STRONGLY STRONGLY STRONGLY
4.51 4.55 4.92 4.66 GLY
Weighted Mean AGREE AGREE AGREE
AGREE
Legend:
4.20 – 5.00 = Strongly Agree
3.40 – 4.19 = Agree
2.60 – 3.39 = Uncertain
1.80 – 2.59 = Disagree
1.00 – 1.79 = Strongly Disagree
Table 4 presents the assessment of respondents regarding the
influence of parental supervision in relation to parental
involvement. The data includes weighted means (W.M.) and verbal
interpretations (V.I.) for each indicator across different
respondent groups: Child, Staff, and Parent.

44
Indicator 1 indicates a strong agreement across all respondent
groups that increased parental involvement positively impacts a
child's well-being, with a composite weighted mean (W.M.) of 4.73,
ranking third among the indicators.
Indicator 2 shows unanimous strong agreement among all groups that
limited communication between parents and children contributes to
behavioral challenges, with a composite weighted mean (W.M.) of
4.56, ranking fourth.
Indicator 3 demonstrates strong agreement from all groups
regarding the impact of unclear boundaries due to parental guidance
on a child's decision-making and behavior, with a composite
weighted mean (W.M.) of 4.87, ranking second.
Indicator 4 highlights agreement among all groups regarding the
influence of parental involvement on a child's engagement with
positive peer relationships, with a composite weighted mean (W.M.)
of 4.19, ranking fifth.

45
Indicator 5 indicates a strong consensus across all groups that
consistent parental monitoring and supervision play a significant
role in deterring delinquent behavior, with a composite weighted
mean (W.M.) of 4.96, ranking first.
Overall, the general weighted mean across all indicators for Child,
Staff, and Parent respondents is 4.66, reflecting a strong
agreement (STRONGLY AGREE) with the statements regarding the
influence of parental supervision and involvement on various
aspects of a child's development and behavior.
Emotional Support Assessment
Table 5
supervision in relation to emotional support assessment
Child Parent Staff Composite

INDICATOR Rank
W.M. V.I. W.M. V.I. W.M. V.I. W.M. V.I.
1. Open
communica
tion with
parents
positivel Stron
y impacts Strongly Strongly Strongly
4.73 5.00 5.00 4.91 gly 2
Agree Agree Agree
a child’ Agree
s
emotional
instabili
ty.
46
2. Emotional
support
from
parents
is Stron
crucial 5.00 4.60 5.00 4.87 gly 3
Agree Agree Agree
for a Agree
child ’ s
overall
well-
being.
3. Parents
active
involveme
nt in a
child ’ s
emotional
developme Stron
Strongly Strongly
nt 4.00 Agree 5.00 5.00 4.67 gly 5
Agree Agree
positivel Agree
y
influence
s their
social
relations
hips.
4. Feeling
loved and
cared for
by
parents
is Stron
4.87 5.00 5.00 4.96 gly 1
essential Agree Agree Agree
Agree
for a
child ’ s
emotional
resilienc
e.
5. Providing
emotional
support
and
guidance
on
children
by
parents Stron
reduces 4.57 5.00 5.00 4.86 gly 4
Agree Agree Agree
the Agree
likelihoo
d of
engagemen
t in
delinquen
t
activitie
s.
STRON
General STRONGLY STRONGLY STRONGLY
4.63 4.92 5.00 4.85 GLY
Weighted Mean AGREE AGREE AGREE
AGREE
47
influence of parental supervision in relation to emotional
support. The data includes weighted means (W.M.) and verbal
respondent groups: Child, Parent, and Staff.
Indicator 1 demonstrates strong agreement among all respondent
groups that open communication with parents positively impacts a
child's emotional instability, with a composite weighted mean
(W.M.) of 4.91, ranking second.
Indicator 2 indicates strong agreement among all groups that
emotional support from parents is crucial for a child's overall
well-being, with a composite weighted mean (W.M.) of 4.87, ranking
third.
Indicator 3 shows strong agreement from all groups regarding the
positive influence of parents' active involvement in a child's
emotional development on their social relationships, with a
composite weighted mean (W.M.) of 4.67, ranking fifth.

48
Indicator 4 highlights strong agreement among all groups that
feeling loved and cared for by parents is essential for a child's
emotional resilience, with a composite weighted mean (W.M.) of
4.96, ranking first.
Indicator 5 indicates strong agreement across all groups that
providing emotional support and guidance to children by parents
reduces the likelihood of engagement in delinquent activities,
with a composite weighted mean (W.M.) of 4.86, ranking fourth.
Parent, and Staff respondents is 4.85, reflecting a strong
influence of parental supervision and emotional support on a
child's emotional well-being and behavior.

49
Communicative Quality Assessment
Table 6
supervision in relation to communicative quality assessment
Composit
Child Parent Staff
e
INDICATOR Rank
W.M W.
V.I. W.M. V.I. W.M. V.I. V.I.
. M.
1. Regular
family
discussions
Stro
positively Strong Stron Stron
ngly
contribute 4.27 ly 4.87 gly 5.00 gly 4.71 5
Agre
to the Agree Agree Agree
e
quality of
communicati
on.
2. Understandi
ng and
respecting
each other
’ s Strong Stron Stron Strong
perspective 4.
4.90 ly 5.00 gly 5.00 gly ly 2
s 97
Agree Agree Agree Agree
contribute
to
effective
communicati
on.
3. Feeling
heard and
valued
during
family
Strong Stron Stron Strong
discussions 5.
5.00 ly 5.00 gly 5.00 gly ly 1
positively 00
contribute
to the
quality of
communicati
on.
4. Comfort in
expressing
thoughts
and
feelings Strong Stron Stron Strong
4.
within the 4.33 ly 5.00 gly 5.00 gly ly 4
78
family Agree Agree Agree Agree
positively
influences
communicati
on quality.
50
5. Providing
clear and
consistent
guidance
through
effective
Strong Stron Stron Strong
communicati 4.
4.80 ly 5.00 gly 5.00 gly ly 3
on are more 93
likely to
deter
delinquent
behavior in
their
children.
STRONG STRON STRON STRONG
General 4.
4.66 LY 4.97 GLY 5.00 GLY LY
Weighted Mean 88
AGREE AGREE AGREE AGREE
influence of parental supervision in relation to communicative
quality. The data includes weighted means (W.M.) and verbal
Indicator 1 indicates strong agreement among all respondent groups
that regular family discussions positively contribute to the
quality of communication, with a composite weighted mean (W.M.) of
4.71, ranking fifth.
Indicator 2 demonstrates unanimous strong agreement among all
groups that understanding and respecting each other's perspectives
contribute to effective communication, with a composite weighted
mean (W.M.) of 4.97, ranking second.

51
Indicator 3 shows strong agreement from all groups regarding the
positive contribution of feeling heard and valued during family
discussions to the quality of communication, with a composite
weighted mean (W.M.) of 5.00, ranking first.
Indicator 4 highlights strong agreement among all groups that
comfort in expressing thoughts and feelings within the family
positively influences communication quality, with a composite
weighted mean (W.M.) of 4.78, ranking fourth.
Indicator 5 indicates strong agreement across all groups that
providing clear and consistent guidance through effective
communication is more likely to deter delinquent behavior in
children, with a composite weighted mean (W.M.) of 4.93, ranking
third.

52
influence of parental supervision on communicative quality within
the family environment.
Table 7
Summary table of the assessment of respondents to the influence
of parental supervision

INDICATOR W. W. W. W. Rank
V.I. V.I. V.I. V.I.
M. M. M. M.
Parenta
Stron Stron Stron Stron
l 4. 4. 4. 4.
gly gly gly gly 3
Involve 51 55 92 66
ment
Emotional Stron Stron Stron Stron
4. 4. 5. 4.
Support gly gly gly gly 2
63 92 00 85
Assessment Agree Agree Agree Agree
Communicat
Stron Stron Stron Stron
ive 4. 4. 5. 4.
gly gly gly gly 1
Quality 66 97 00 88
Assessment
General STRON STRON STRON STRON
4. 4. 4. 4.
Weighted GLY GLY GLY GLY
60 81 97 80
Mean AGREE AGREE AGREE AGREE
Table 7 provides a summary of the assessment of respondents
to the influence of parental supervision across different domains:
Parental Involvement, Emotional Support Assessment, and
Communicative Quality Assessment. The data includes weighted means
(W.M.) and verbal interpretations (V.I.) for each indicator across
different respondent groups: Child, Parent, and Staff.

53
For Parental Involvement, the composite weighted mean (W.M.)
across all respondent groups is 4.66, indicating a strong agreement
(STRONGLY AGREE) with the influence of parental involvement on
various aspects, with a ranking of third among the domains.
In the Emotional Support Assessment, the composite weighted mean
(W.M.) across all respondent groups is 4.85, indicating a strong
agreement (STRONGLY AGREE) with the influence of parental
emotional support on a child's well-being, with a ranking of second
among the domains.
In the Communicative Quality Assessment, the composite weighted
mean (W.M.) across all respondent groups is 4.88, indicating a
strong agreement (STRONGLY AGREE) with the influence of parental
supervision on communicative quality within the family
environment, with a ranking of first among the domains.
Overall, the general weighted mean across all domains for Child,
agreement (STRONGLY AGREE) with the influence of parental

54
supervision on various aspects of child development and family
dynamics.
Sub – Problem No 3. Is there a significant difference on the
supervision?
Table 8
Difference on the assessment of the respondents on the influence
Test
Variables Mean Statistic 𝒑 Decision Interpretation
value
F
Children 4.51
Fail to
Not
Parents 4.55 2.065 0.138 Reject
Significant
HO
Staffs 4.92
Legend: If p value < 0.05, Reject HO
Table 8 presents an analysis of the differences in the
assessment of respondents regarding the influence of parental
supervision across three groups: Children, Parents, and Staffs.
For each group, the table provides the mean assessment score, the
test statistic (F), the p-value, the decision based on the
statistical test, and the interpretation.

55
The mean assessment score for Children is 4.51, while for Parents,
it is 4.55, and for Staffs, it is 4.92. The test statistic (F) is
the same for all groups, with a value of 2.065. The p-values for
all groups are identical at 0.138.
The decision based on the statistical analysis is consistent across
all groups, indicating a failure to reject the null hypothesis
(HO). This suggests that the observed differences in assessment
scores among Children, Parents, and Staffs are not statistically
significant.
In summary, the statistical analysis indicates that there are no
significant differences in the assessment of the influence of
parental supervision among Children, Parents, and Staffs based on
the provided data.

56
Table 9
of emotional support assessment
Test
value
F
Children 4.63
Reject
Parents 4.92 5.839 0.005 Significant
HO
Staffs 5.00
assessment of respondents regarding the influence of emotional
support assessment across three groups: Children, Parents, and
Staffs. The table includes variables such as Mean, Test Statistic
(F), p-value, Decision, and Interpretation.
For Children, the mean assessment score is 4.63. The test statistic
(F) is 5.839 with a p-value of 0.005. Since the p-value is less
than the significance level (usually 0.05), the decision is to
reject the null hypothesis (HO), indicating that there are
significant differences in the assessment scores among children
regarding the influence of emotional support assessment.

57
Similarly, for Parents, the mean assessment score is 4.92, and the
statistical analysis yields the same test statistic (F) of 5.839
with a p-value of 0.005. The decision is to reject the null
hypothesis (HO), signifying significant differences in the
assessment scores among parents regarding the influence of
emotional support assessment.
For Staffs, the mean assessment score is 5.00, and the statistical
analysis yields the same test statistic (F) of 5.839 with a p-
value of 0.005. Again, the decision is to reject the null
hypothesis (HO), indicating significant differences in the
assessment scores among staff regarding the influence of emotional
support assessment.
In summary, the statistical analysis reveals that there are
emotional support assessment among Children, Parents, and Staffs
based on the provided data.

58
Table 10
Test
value
F
Children 4.66
Reject
Parents 4.97 10.793 0.000 Significant
HO
Staffs 5.00
assessment of respondents regarding the influence of parental
supervision across three groups: Children, Parents, and Staffs.
The table includes variables such as Mean, Test Statistic (F), p-
value, Decision, and Interpretation.
For Children, the mean assessment score is 4.66. The test statistic
(F) is 10.793 with a p-value of 0.000. Since the p-value is less
than the significance level (usually 0.05), the decision is to
reject the null hypothesis (HO), indicating that there are
significant differences in the assessment scores among children
regarding the influence of parental supervision.

59
Similarly, for Parents, the mean assessment score is 4.97, and the
statistical analysis yields the same test statistic (F) of 10.793
with a p-value of 0.000. The decision is to reject the null
hypothesis (HO), signifying significant differences in the
assessment scores among parents regarding the influence of
parental supervision.
For Staffs, the mean assessment score is 5.00, and the statistical
analysis yields the same test statistic (F) of 10.793 with a p-
value of 0.000. Again, the decision is to reject the null
hypothesis (HO), indicating significant differences in the
assessment scores among staff regarding the influence of parental
supervision.
In summary, the statistical analysis reveals that there are
parental supervision among Children, Parents, and Staffs based on
the provided data.

60
Sub – Problem No 4. What are the problems encountered by the
respondents during the recovery period in relation to the above-
cited variables?
Table 11
The assessment of respondents to the problems encountered by the
respondents during the recovery period in relation to parental
involvement
Composit
Child Parent Staff
e
INDICATOR Rank
W.M W.M W.M V.
W.M. V.I. V.I. V.I.
. . . I.
1. Parents
often lack
adequate
knowledge
about their Str
child ’ s Stron ong
legal rights Strongl Strongl
4.90 5.00 5.00 gly 4.97 ly 1
and the y Agree y Agree
Agree Agr
legal ee
process they
are going
through.
2. Parents and
child in
conflict
with the law
feel Str
stigmatized ong
Strongl Strongl
and 4.60 4.33 4.20 Agree 4.38 ly 3
y Agree y Agree
marginalize Agr
d by ee
society,
adding to
their
challenges.
3. Parents
feels that Str
the ong
Strongl Strongl
government 4.67 4.60 3.60 Agree 4.29 ly 4
y Agree y Agree
support and Agr
resources ee
dealing with
61
children in
conflict
with the law
are
insufficien
t.
4. Parental
supervision
that lacks
consistent
boundaries
and Strongl Agr
4.33 4.07 Agree 3.80 Agree 4.07 5
expectation y Agree ee
s can lead
to impulsive
and reckless
behavior of
their child.
5. Conflicting
priorities
and
responsibil
ities that Str
hinder Stron ong
Strongl
5.00 4.20 Agree 5.00 gly 4.73 ly 2
parents ’ y Agree
Agree Agr
ability to
ee
be actively
involved in
their child
’s life.
STR
STRON ONG
General Weighted STRONGL STRONGL
4.70 4.44 4.32 GLY 4.49 LY
Mean Y AGREE Y AGREE
AGREE AGR
EE
problems encountered during the recovery period in relation to
parental involvement. The data includes weighted means (W.M.) and
verbal interpretations (V.I.) for each indicator across different
Indicator 1 indicates a strong agreement among all respondent
groups that parents often lack adequate knowledge about their
child’s legal rights and the legal process they are going through.
62
This is reflected in the high composite weighted mean (W.M.) of
4.97, ranking first among the indicators.
Indicator 2 highlights a consensus among respondents that parents
and children in conflict with the law feel stigmatized and
marginalized by society, contributing to their challenges. Despite
some variability across groups, the composite weighted mean (W.M.)
remains high at 4.38, ranking third among the indicators.
Indicator 3 suggests that there is agreement among respondents,
particularly children and parents, regarding the perception of
insufficient government support and resources dealing with
children in conflict with the law. The composite weighted mean
(W.M.) is 4.29, ranking fourth.
Indicator 4 indicates agreement among respondents, particularly
children, about the potential consequences of parental supervision
lacking consistent boundaries and expectations. The composite
weighted mean (W.M.) is 4.07, ranking fifth among the indicators.

63
Indicator 5 underscores the consensus among respondents,
especially children and staff, regarding conflicting priorities
and responsibilities hindering parents' ability to be actively
involved in their child’s life. This indicator has the highest
weighted mean (W.M.) of 4.73, ranking second among the indicators.
agreement (STRONGLY AGREE) with the statements about the problems
encountered during the recovery period in relation to parental
involvement.
Table 12
respondents during the recovery period in relation to emotional
support

INDICATOR Rank
W.M W.M W.M W.M
V.I. V.I. V.I. V.I.
. . . .
1. Parents
struggle
to
understand Strong Strong
the Strongly
4.87 ly 4.73 3.80 Agree 4.47 ly 3
emotional Agree
Agree Agree
needs of
their
child.
64
2. Conflict
between
parents or
within the
family can Strong Strong Strong
Strongly
significan 5.00 ly 5.00 5.00 ly 5.00 ly 1
Agree
tly impact Agree Agree Agree
a child’s
emotional
well-
being.
3. Parents
that are
overly
harsh or
controllin Strong
g can 4.53 ly 3.00 Uncertain 4.20 Agree 3.91 Agree 5
contribute Agree
to
emotional
instabilit
y.
4. Parents
who blame
or express
guilt over
their
child ’ s
legal
troubles Strong Strong Strong
Strongly
may 5.00 ly 4.80 5.00 ly 4.93 ly 2
Agree
contribute Agree Agree Agree
to their
child ’ s
emotional
turmoil
and self-
esteem
issues.
5. There is a
lack of
sufficient
emotional
Strong Strong
support
4.33 ly 2.60 Disagree 5.00 ly 3.98 Agree 4
available
Agree Agree
for
children
and their
parents.
STRONG STRONG STRONG
General
4.75 LY 4.03 AGREE 4.60 LY 4.46 LY
Weighted Mean
AGREE AGREE AGREE
emotional support. The data includes weighted means (W.M.) and

65
Indicator 1 highlights a strong agreement among all respondent
groups that parents struggle to understand the emotional needs of
their child. This is reflected in the high composite weighted mean
(W.M.) of 4.47, ranking third among the indicators.
Indicator 2 indicates unanimous strong agreement among all groups
that conflict between parents or within the family significantly
impacts a child’s emotional well-being. The composite weighted
mean (W.M.) is 5.00, ranking first among the indicators.
Indicator 3 suggests variability in responses, particularly from
parents, regarding the impact of overly harsh or controlling
parenting on emotional instability. The composite weighted mean
(W.M.) is 3.91, ranking fifth among the indicators.
Indicator 4 underscores the consensus among respondents that
parents who blame or express guilt over their child’s legal
troubles may contribute to their child’s emotional turmoil and

66
self-esteem issues. The composite weighted mean (W.M.) is 4.93,
ranking second among the indicators.
Indicator 5 indicates agreement among respondents, especially
children and staff, regarding the lack of sufficient emotional
support available for children and their parents. The composite
weighted mean (W.M.) is 3.98, ranking fourth among the indicators.
encountered during the recovery period in relation to emotional
support.
67
Table 13
respondents during the recovery period in relation to
communicative quality

INDICATOR Rank
W.M W.M W.M W.M
V.I. V.I. V.I. V.I.
. . . .
1. Parents
face
communicat
ion
challenges
when
trying to
discuss
problems
with their Strong
child Strongl Strongl
5.00 3.87 Agree 4.60 4.49 ly 2
leading to y Agree y Agree
Agree
misunderst
andings
and
conflict.
2. Parents
who
prioritize
punishment
over
understand
Strong
ing and Strongl Uncertai Strongl
4.60 3.40 5.00 4.33 ly 3
support y Agree n y Agree
Agree
make their
children
scared to
communicat
e with
them.
3. Due to the
parental
absence Strong
Strongl
can lead 4.10 Agree 3.80 Agree 5.00 4.30 ly 4
y Agree
the child Agree
feel
unheard or
68
unsupporte
d
resulting
to
communicat
ion
problems.
4. Parents
may have
difficulty
understand
ing the
provisions
and
implicatio
ns of
Republic Strong
Strongl Strongly Strongl
Act 9344, 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 ly 1
y Agree Agree y Agree
making it Agree
challengin
g to
discuss
the rights
and
responsibi
lities of
their
child.
5. There is a
lack of
trust and
openness
in
Strongl Strongl
communicat 4.70 2.33 Disagree 5.00 4.01 Agree 5
y Agree y Agree
ion
between
parents
and
children.
STRONG
General STRONGL STRONGL
4.68 3.68 AGREE 4.92 4.43 LY
Weighted Mean Y AGREE Y AGREE
AGREE
communicative quality. The data includes weighted means (W.M.) and

69
Indicator 1 highlights strong agreement among all respondent
groups that parents face communication challenges when trying to
discuss problems with their child, leading to misunderstandings
and conflict. This is reflected in the high composite weighted
mean (W.M.) of 4.49, ranking second among the indicators.
Indicator 2 indicates variability in responses, particularly from
parents, regarding the impact of prioritizing punishment over
understanding and support on children's communication. The
composite weighted mean (W.M.) is 4.33, ranking third among the
indicators.
Indicator 3 suggests agreement among respondents, especially
staff, that parental absence can lead to children feeling unheard
or unsupported, resulting in communication problems. The composite
weighted mean (W.M.) is 4.30, ranking fourth among the indicators.
Indicator 4 underscores the consensus among respondents that
parents may have difficulty understanding the provisions and
implications of Republic Act 9344, making it challenging to discuss

70
the rights and responsibilities of their child. The composite
weighted mean (W.M.) is 5.00, ranking first among the indicators.
Indicator 5 indicates agreement among respondents, especially
children and staff, regarding the lack of trust and openness in
communication between parents and children. The composite weighted
mean (W.M.) is 4.01, ranking fifth among the indicators.
encountered during the recovery period in relation to
communicative quality.
71
Table 14
Summary table of the assessment of respondents to the assessment
of respondents to the problems encountered by the respondents
during the recovery period

INDICATOR W.M W.M W.M W.M Rank
V.I. V.I. V.I. V.I.
. . . .
Parental 4.7 Strongl 4.4 Strongl 4.3 Strongl 4.4 Strongl
Involvement
1
0 y Agree 4 y Agree 2 y Agree 9 y Agree
Emotional
4.7 Strongl 4.0 4.6 Strongl 4.4 Strongl
Support Agree 2
Assessment 5 y Agree 3 0 y Agree 6 y Agree
Communicat
ive 4.6 Strongl 3.6 4.9 Strongl 4.4 Strongl
Quality
Agree 3
8 y Agree 8 2 y Agree 3 y Agree
Assessment
General
4.7 STRONGL 4.0 4.6 STRONGL 4.4 STRONGL
Weighted AGREE
1 Y AGREE 5 1 Y AGREE 6 Y AGREE
Mean
to the problems encountered during the recovery period across three
domains: Parental Involvement, Emotional Support Assessment, and
Communicative Quality Assessment. The data includes weighted means
across all respondent groups is 4.49, indicating a strong agreement
(STRONGLY AGREE) with the problems encountered during the recovery

72
period related to parental involvement, with a ranking of first
among the domains.
In the Emotional Support Assessment, the composite weighted mean
(W.M.) across all respondent groups is 4.46, indicating a strong
agreement (STRONGLY AGREE) with the problems encountered during
the recovery period related to emotional support, with a ranking
of second among the domains.
In the Communicative Quality Assessment, the composite weighted
mean (W.M.) across all respondent groups is 4.43, indicating a
strong agreement (STRONGLY AGREE) with the problems encountered
during the recovery period related to communicative quality, with
a ranking of third among the domains.
agreement (STRONGLY AGREE) with the problems encountered during
the recovery period across different aspects of support and
involvement.
73
Sub – Problem No 5. What recommendations may be proposed to address
the problem encountered?
Table 15
The assessment of respondents to the recommendations may be
proposed to address the problem encountered in relation to
parental involvement

INDICATOR Rank
W.M W.M W.M W.M
V.I. V.I. V.I. V.I.
. . . .
1. Develop
comprehensi
ve programs
that
provide
parents
with
knowledge Strong Strong Strong Strong
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
about their ly ly ly ly 2
0 0 0 0
child’s Agree Agree Agree Agree
legal
rights and
the legal
process
they are
going
through.
2. Advocate
and empower
programs
that
empower the
parents and
CICL to
challenge
stigma, Strong Strong Strong Strong
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
advocate ly ly ly ly 2
0 0 0 0
for their Agree Agree Agree Agree
rights and
build
resilience
are
enhancing
parental
involvement
.
74
3. The
government
should
prioritize
strengtheni
ng support
services
including
legal
assistance,
counseling, Strong Strong Strong Strong
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
education ly ly ly ly 2
0 0 0 0
and Agree Agree Agree Agree
vocational
training
for parents
and CICL to
address
their
diverse
needs
effectively
.
4. Establish a
clear
boundaries
and
expectation
s for
behavior to
promote Strong Strong Strong Strong
4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9
positive ly ly ly ly 4
0 0 0 7
decision Agree Agree Agree Agree
making and
reducing
their child
to engage
in
delinquent
activities.
5. Implement
flexible
work or
scheduling
arrangement
Strong Strong Strong Strong
s for 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.9
ly ly ly ly 5
parents to 3 0 0 1
accommodate
their
involvement
in their
children.
STRONG STRONG STRONG STRONG
General Weighted 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9
LY LY LY LY
Mean 3 0 0 8
Table 15 presents the assessment of respondents regarding
recommendations proposed to address the problems encountered in

75
relation to parental involvement. The data includes weighted means
Indicator 1 indicates unanimous strong agreement among all
respondent groups that developing comprehensive programs to
provide parents with knowledge about their child’s legal rights
and the legal process they are going through would be beneficial.
The composite weighted mean (W.M.) is 5.00, ranking second among
the indicators.
Indicator 2 highlights another unanimous strong agreement among
all groups that advocating and empowering programs to challenge
stigma, advocate for rights, and build resilience would enhance
parental involvement. The composite weighted mean (W.M.) is 5.00,
ranking second among the indicators.
Indicator 3 underscores the consensus among respondents that the
government should prioritize strengthening support services,
including legal assistance, counseling, education, and vocational

76
training, to address diverse needs effectively. The composite
weighted mean (W.M.) is 5.00, ranking second among the indicators.
Indicator 4 indicates strong agreement among respondents that
establishing clear boundaries and expectations for behavior would
promote positive decision-making and reduce the likelihood of
children engaging in delinquent activities. The composite weighted
mean (W.M.) is 4.97, ranking fourth among the indicators.
Indicator 5 suggests strong agreement among respondents that
implementing flexible work or scheduling arrangements for parents
would facilitate their involvement in their children's lives. The
composite weighted mean (W.M.) is 4.91, ranking fifth among the
indicators.
agreement (STRONGLY AGREE) with the recommendations proposed to
address the problems encountered in relation to parental
involvement.
77
Table 16
emotional support

INDICATOR Rank
W.M W.M W.M W.M
V.I. V.I. V.I. V.I.
. . . .
1. Empower
parents
through
skills
training
such as
active
listening
and emotion
Strongl Strongl Strongl Strongl
regulation 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 3
y Agree y Agree y Agree y Agree
technique
to enhance
their
ability to
support
their
children’s
emotional
well-being.
2. Implement
parenting
support
programs
that focus
on
enhancing
communicati
on,
discipline
strategies Strongl Strongl Strongl Strongl
5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 3
and stress y Agree y Agree y Agree y Agree
management
techniques
can empower
parents to
navigate
family
conflict
more
effectively
.
3. Encourage Strongl Strongl Strongl Strongl
parents to 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 3
78
cultivate
empathy and
understandi
ng can help
them
respond to
their
child’s
emotional
needs in a
supportive
and
nurturing
manner.
4. Provide
parents
with access
to
supportive
counseling
services
either
individuall
y or as a
family can 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 3
help them
handle
their
emotions,
gain
perspective
and develop
healthy
coping
mechanism.
5. Implement
regular
individual
counselling
sessions
for
children to
address 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 3
their
emotional
needs and
provides a
safe space
for
expression.
General STRONGL STRONGL STRONGL STRONGL
5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Weighted Mean Y AGREE Y AGREE Y AGREE Y AGREE
relation to emotional support. The data includes weighted means

79
All indicators in Table 16 received unanimous strong agreement
(STRONGLY AGREE) from all respondent groups, including Children,
Parents, and Staff, with a composite weighted mean (W.M.) of 5.00
for each indicator and across all groups.
Indicator 1 emphasizes the importance of empowering parents
through skills training, such as active listening and emotion
regulation techniques, to enhance their ability to support their
children’s emotional well-being.
Indicator 2 suggests implementing parenting support programs
focusing on enhancing communication, discipline strategies, and
stress management techniques to empower parents to navigate family
conflicts more effectively.
Indicator 3 highlights the significance of encouraging parents to
cultivate empathy and understanding to help them respond to their
child’s emotional needs in a supportive and nurturing manner.

80
Indicator 4 underscores the importance of providing parents with
access to supportive counseling services, either individually or
as a family, to help them handle their emotions, gain perspective,
and develop healthy coping mechanisms.
Indicator 5 suggests implementing regular individual counseling
sessions for children to address their emotional needs and provide
a safe space for expression.
Parent, and Staff respondents is 5.00, indicating unanimous strong
address the problems encountered in relation to emotional support.

81
Table 17
communicative quality

INDICATOR Rank
W.M W.M W.M W.M
V.I. V.I. V.I. V.I.
. . . .
1. Encourage
parents to
practice to
understand
and stay
calm while Strong Strong Strong Strong
discussing 5.0 5.0 5.0
5.00 ly ly ly ly 3
a problem 0 0 0
with their
children.
2. Encourage
parents to
cultivate
empathy,
compassion
and
patience
when
interacting
with their
child can Strong Strong Strong Strong
5.0 5.0 5.0
5.00 ly ly ly ly 3
help them 0 0 0
understand
their child
’
perspective
and respond
to their
needs with
understandi
ng and
support.
82
3. Encourage
parents to
prioritize
regular
check-ins
and updates
with their
child even
during
periods of 5.0 5.0 5.0
5.00 ly ly ly ly 3
absence, to 0 0 0
stay
informed
about their
well-being,
address
concerns,
and offer
emotional
support.
4. Provide
accessible
information
and
resources
such as
simplified
guides,
information
al
materials
or
workshops
on R.A 9344 Strong Strong Strong Strong
5.0 5.0 5.0
and related 5.00 ly ly ly ly 3
legal 0 0 0
processes
can empower
parents to
better
understand
their child
’ s rights
and
navigate
the legal
system
effectively
.
5. Facilitate
family
therapy
sessions
led by
professiona
ls to 5.0 5.0 5.0
5.00 ly ly ly ly 3
improve 0 0 0
communicati
on skills
and rebuild
trust
between
children
83
and
parents.
STRONG STRONG STRONG STRONG
General Weighted 5.0 5.0 5.0
5.00 LY LY LY LY
Mean 0 0 0
relation to communicative quality. The data includes weighted
means (W.M.) and verbal interpretations (V.I.) for each indicator
across different respondent groups: Child, Parent, and Staff.
All indicators in Table 17 received unanimous strong agreement
(STRONGLY AGREE) from all respondent groups, including Children,
Parents, and Staff, with a composite weighted mean (W.M.) of 5.00
for each indicator and across all groups.
Indicator 1 emphasizes the importance of encouraging parents to
practice understanding and staying calm while discussing problems
with their children to foster effective communication.
Indicator 2 suggests encouraging parents to cultivate empathy,
compassion, and patience when interacting with their child to
understand their perspective and respond to their needs with
understanding and support.

84
Indicator 3 highlights the significance of encouraging parents to
prioritize regular check-ins and updates with their child, even
during periods of absence, to stay informed about their well-
being, address concerns, and offer emotional support.
Indicator 4 underscores the importance of providing accessible
information and resources, such as simplified guides,
informational materials, or workshops on Republic Act 9344 and
related legal processes, to empower parents to better understand
their child’s rights and navigate the legal system effectively.
Indicator 5 suggests facilitating family therapy sessions led by
professionals to improve communication skills and rebuild trust
between children and parents.
Parent, and Staff respondents is 5.00, indicating unanimous strong
address the problems encountered in relation to communicative
quality.
85
Table 18
Summary table of the assessment of respondents to the
recommendations may be proposed to address the problem
encountered

INDICATOR W.M W.M W.M W.M Rank
V.I. V.I. V.I. V.I.
. . . .
Parenta
l 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.9
Involve
ly ly ly ly 3
3 Agree 0 Agree 0 Agree 1 Agree
ment
Emotional
Support 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
ly ly ly ly 1.5
Assessmen 0 Agree 0 Agree 0 Agree 0 Agree
t
Communica
tive Strong Strong Strong Strong
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Quality ly ly ly ly 1.5
Assessmen 0 Agree 0 Agree 0 Agree 0 Agree
t
General STRONG STRONG STRONG STRONG
4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9
Weighted LY LY LY LY
1 AGREE 0 AGREE 0 AGREE 7 AGREE
Mean
to the recommendations proposed to address the problems
encountered across three domains: Parental Involvement, Emotional
Support Assessment, and Communicative Quality Assessment. The data
includes weighted means (W.M.) and verbal interpretations (V.I.)
for each indicator across different respondent groups: Child,
Parent, and Staff.

86
across all respondent groups is 4.91, indicating strong agreement
(STRONGLY AGREE) with the recommendations proposed to address the
problems encountered, with a ranking of third among the domains.
For Emotional Support Assessment and Communicative Quality
Assessment, the composite weighted mean (W.M.) across all
respondent groups is 5.00 for each domain, indicating unanimous
strong agreement (STRONGLY AGREE) with the recommendations
proposed to address the problems encountered, with a joint ranking
of first among the domains.
Parent, and Staff respondents is 4.97, reflecting strong agreement
(STRONGLY AGREE) with the recommendations proposed to address the
problems encountered across different aspects of support and
involvement.
CHAPTER 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Summary of Findings
The salient findings of the study:
1. On the respondents’ assessed the influence of parental
Manila.
The indicators for the influence of parental supervision
among child in conflict with the law in the City of Manila as
evaluated by the child in conflict with the law, parents and
staffs are Strongly Agree, as evidenced by the overall weighted
mean of 4.80, in terms of parental involvement, emotional
support, and communication quality.
2. On the results of significant difference among the
Manila concerning the variables mentioned above.
The obtained computed F value is 10.793 with a p-value of 0.000.
Since the p-value is less than the significance level (usually
0.05), the decision is to reject the null hypothesis (HO),
indicating that there are significant differences in the

88
assessment scores among children regarding the influence of
parental supervision in terms of parental involvement, emotional
support and communication quality.
3. On the respondents’ assessment on the problems
encountered on the influence of parental supervision among child
in conflict with the law in the City of Manila.
The overall weighted mean of 4.46, in terms of parental
involvement, emotional support, and communication quality
indicates that the respondents' indicators on the problems
encountered on the influence of parental supervision among CICLs
in the City of Manila as evaluated by the respondents are
(Always).
This means that all respondents agree that all indicators
on problems encountered on the influence of parental supervision
among CICLs in the City of Manila are always experienced.
4. On the assessment of respondents on the proposed
recommendation to address the problems encountered.
The overall weighted mean of 4.97 suggests that the
respondents strongly agree to recommend the indicators to address
the problems encountered on the influence of parental supervision
among child in conflict with the law in the City of Manila in

89
terms of parental involvement, emotional support, and
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were formulated.
1.Results manifests that there is indeed parental
influences the well-being of the child.
The researchers believed, as supported by the result of
this study that emotional support from parents is crucial
for a child’s overall well-being. Also, providing clear and
consistent guidance through effective communication are
more likely to deter delinquent behavior in their children.
2. Results manifests that there is indeed parental
influences the well-being of the child. The researchers believed,
as supported by the result of this study that emotional support
from parents is crucial for a child’s overall well-being. Also,

90
providing clear and consistent guidance through effective
communication are more likely to deter delinquent behavior in
their children.
3. Child in conflict with the law, parents and MYRC staffs
perceived different assessment on the influence of parental
supervision among CICLs in the City of Manila in terms of
parental involvement, emotional support and communication
quality.
4. Results indicate that CICLs experienced and are faced
with numerous problems on parental involvement, emotional
support and communication quality assessed which crucially
influenced their overall behavior.
5. Respondents all agreed that there are numerous
interventions that may be proposed and implemented to address
issues concerning parental involvement, emotional support and
Recommendations
In light of the findings, the following recommendations are
hereby recommended.
91
1. The researchers recommend that parents should actively
participate in their child’s rehabilitation process, attending
counselings,and other relevant activities to support their
child’s progress.
2. Researchers recommend to students and stakeholders
prioritizing the study of parental supervision’s influence on
child in conflict with the law to develop targeted interventions
addressing their unique challenges and needs.
3. Encourage parents to approach their child’s situation
with empathy and understanding, recognizing the underlying
factors that may have contributed to their involvement in
delinquent behavior.
4. For staffs, utilize a strengths-based approach that
emphasizes the child’s assets, talents, and positive qualities.
This can empower the child to recognize their potential for
change and build on their strengths to overcome challenges.

92
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96
Appendix A
ACTION PLAN
For the Assessment Plan of the Influence of Parental
Supervision among Child in Conflict with the Law
TITLE OF THE PERSON(s)

OBJECTIVES PROGRAMS/ DESCRIPTIONS BUDGET INVOLVED DURATI
ACTIVITIES ON
To assess Implement
the “Tahanang workshops and 500K Psycholo On
impact of seminars for gists,
parental parents on Social
supervisi Masaya: effective
going
Workers
on on supervision
CICLs Pagmamahal techniques and
positive
ng mga parenting
strategies.
Magulang”
Provide
program counseling and
support services
to parents and
children to
improve
communication
and family
dynamics.
Organize
sessions on
anger management
and coping
mechanisms to
help children
deal with stress
and difficult
situations
effectively.
Offer life
skills training
and relapse
prevention
strategies to
help children
maintain
sobriety and
healthier choice
97
APPENDIX B
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
I. Profile Data of the Respondents
AGE GROUP:
13-18 (CICL)
19 and above (Parents/Staffs)
Sex:
Male
Female
Relationship to CICL:
Child in Conflict with the Law (CICL)
Parent of CICL
Staff of LSWDO
II. The Influence of Parental Supervision among Child in Conflict

with the Law
Directions:
1. Kindly answer the items as honestly as you can. Any response

provided will be treated with utmost confidentially and strictly
for academic purposes only.
2. Put a check mark (/) on the space that corresponds to your
answer, using the scale below.
5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Uncertain
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
98
Assessment on the Influence of Parental Supervision

Parental Involvement 5 4 3 2 1
I believe that increased parental

involvement positively influences the
well-being of the child.
Limited communication between parents and

children contributes to behavioral
challenges.
The absence of clear boundaries due to

parental guidance affects a child ’ s
decision-making and behavior.
Parental involvement or lack thereof

affects a child ’ s engagement with
positive peer relationship.
Consistent parental monitoring and

supervision play a key role in deterring
delinquent behavior.
Emotional Support 5 4 3 2 1
Open communication with parents positively

impacts a child’s emotional instability.
Emotional support from parents is crucial

for a child’s overall well-being.
Parents active involvement in a child’s

emotional development positively
influences their social relationships.
Feeling loved and cared for by parents is

essential for a child ’ s emotional
resilience.
99
Providing emotional support and guidance

on children by parents reduces the
likelihood of engagement in delinquent
activities.
Communication Quality 5 4 3 2 1
Regular family discussions positively

contribute to the quality of
communication.
Understanding and respecting each other’s

perspectives contribute to effective
communication.
Feeling heard and valued during family

discussions positively contribute to the
quality of communication.
Comfort in expressing thoughts and

feelings within the family positively
influences communication quality.
Providing clear and consistent guidance

through effective communication are more
likely to deter delinquent behavior in
their children.
III. Problems encountered by the group of respondents in terms of

the aforementioned variables?
Directions:
The following indicators are possible problems encountered in

relation to parental supervision. Rank each indicator per variable
according its occurrenc.
Put a check mark (/) on the space that corresponds to your answer,
using the scale below.
5 Always
100
4 Frequently
3 Occasionally
2 Rarely
1 Never
Parents often lack adequate knowledge

about their child’s legal rights and the
legal process they are going through.
Parents and child in conflict with the law

feel stigmatized and marginalized by
society, adding to their challenges.
Parents feels that the government support

and resources dealing with children in
conflict with the law are insufficient.
Parental supervision that lacks consistent

boundaries and expectations can lead to
impulsive and reckless behavior of their
child.
Conflicting priorities and

responsibilities that hinder parents ’
ability to be actively involved in their
child’s life.
Parents struggle to understand the

emotional needs of their child.
Conflict between parents or within the

family can significantly impact a child’s
emotional well-being.
101
Parents that are overly harsh or

controlling can contribute to emotional
instability.
Parents who blame or express guilt over

their child ’ s legal troubles may
contribute to their child ’ s emotional
turmoil and self-esteem issues.
There is a lack of sufficient emotional

support available for children and their
parents.
Parents face communication challenges when

trying to discuss problems with their
child leading to misunderstandings and
conflict.
Parents who prioritize punishment over

understanding and support make their
children scared to communicate with them.
Due to the parental absence can lead the

child feel unheard or unsupported
resulting to communication problems.
Parents may have difficulty understanding

the provisions and implications of
Republic Act 9344, making it challenging
to discuss the rights and responsibilities
of their child.
There is a lack of trust and openness in

communication between parents and
children.
IV. Recommendations that may be proposed to address the problems

encountered?
102
Develop comprehensive programs that

provide parents with knowledge about their
child’s legal rights and the legal process
they are going through.
Advocate and empower programs that empower
the parents and CICL to challenge stigma,
advocate for their rights and build
resilience are enhancing parental
involvement.
The government should prioritize
strengthening support services including
legal assistance, counseling, education
and vocational training for parents and
CICL to address their diverse needs
effectively.
Establish a clear boundaries and
expectations for behavior to promote
positive decision making and reducing
their child to engage in delinquent
activities.
Implement flexible work or scheduling
arrangements for parents to accommodate
their involvement in their children.
Empower parents through skills training

such as active listening and emotion
regulation technique to enhance their
ability to support their children ’ s
emotional well-being.
Implement parenting support programs that
focus on enhancing communication,
discipline strategies and stress
management techniques can empower parents
to navigate family conflict more
effectively.
103
Encourage parents to cultivate empathy and

understanding can help them respond to
their child ’ s emotional needs in a
supportive and nurturing manner.
Provide parents with access to supportive
counseling services either individually or
as a family can help them handle their
emotions, gain perspective and develop
healthy coping mechanism.
Implement regular individual counselling
sessions for children to address their
emotional needs and provides a safe space
for expression.
Encourage parents to practice to

understand and stay calm while discussing
a problem with their children.
Encourage parents to cultivate empathy,

compassion and patience when interacting
with their child can help them understand
their child’s perspective and respond to
their needs with understanding and
support.
Encourage parents to prioritize regular

check-ins and updates with their child
even during periods of absence, to stay
informed about their well-being, address
concerns, and offer emotional support.
Provide accessible information and

resources such as simplified guides,
informational materials or workshops on
R.A 9344 and related legal processes can
empower parents to better understand their
child ’ s rights and navigate the legal
system effectively.
104
Facilitate family therapy sessions led by

professionals to improve communication
skills and rebuild trust between children
and parents.
105
APPENDIX C
LETTER OF REQUEST FOR PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

106
107
108
109
APPENDIX D
CERTIFICATION OF STATISTICIAN
110
111
II

112
Appendix E
CURRICULUM VITAE
NIKKA D. BARTOLOME
668 Sancho Panza St., Brgy. 406
Sampaloc, Manila
09770930654
bartolome.2080081criminology@gmail.com
Personal Background
Nationality : Filipino
Birthday : April 02, 2002
Place of birth : Sampaloc, Manila
Age : 21
Civil status : Single
Height : 5’4
Religion : Roman Catholic
Educational Attainment
PRIMARY
Rosario Almario Elementary School - Grade 1 to 2
(2008-2010)
Gen. Licerio Geronimo Elementary School - Grade 3 to 4
(2010-2012)
Gen. Vicente Lim Elementary School - Grade 5 to 6
(2012-2014)
SECONDARY
Antonio J. Villegas Vocational High School - Grade 7 to 8
(2014-2016)
Pres. Sergio Osmena High School - Grade 9 to 10
(2016-2018)
AMA Computer Learning Center Manila
(2018-2020)
II

113
TERTIARY
Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology,
Nagtahan Sampaloc Manila (1 st yr-4th yr college)
Skills/Hobbies/Traits
❖ Computer Literate
❖ Willingness to Learn
❖ Leadership Skills
❖ Time Management
❖ Communication Skills
Nagtahan, Sampaloc Manila 114
ANALYN P. MORIENTE
# 233 BFD Compound Barangay Central Diliman
Quezon City
(63) 956-144-9929
anamoriente23@gmail.com
Personal Background
Birthday : August 23, 2001
Place of birth : Quezon City
Age : 22
Height : 5’2
PRIMARY
Malaya Elementary School (June 2007-March 2014)
SECONDARY
Quezon City High School - Junior and Senior High School
(June 2014-March 2020)
TERTIARY
Nagtahan Sampaloc Manila (1st yr-4th yr college)
Knowledge/Skills and Attitude
❖ Ability to work in a fast paced environment ❖ Computer literate
❖ Exceptional interpersonal and multitasking

skills
❖ Ability to learn new skills quickly and

accurately
115
ERRA MAE HENISAN

1832 Int. 16 Callejon 2 Zamora Pandacan,
Manila
09357725025
errahenisan24@gmail.com
Personal Background
Birthday : June 08, 1999
Place of birth : Pandacan, Manila
Age : 24
Height : 5’3
PRIMARY
Bagong Barangay Elementary School
(2010-2011)
SECONDARY
Mariano Marcos Memorial High School - Junior High
(2017-2018)
Manuel A. Roxas High School - Senior High
(2019-2020)
TERTIARY
❖ Communication Skills
❖ Hardworking
II

Institute of Science and Technology 116
REYMAR C. BUARON
L6 Phase II Area III Dagat-Dagatan
Longos Malabon, City
+63 (946) 752 1876
buaron2080461.bscriminology@gmail.com
Personal Background
Birthday : February 01, 2000
Place of birth : Malabon, City
Age : 24
Height : 5’5
PRIMARY
Imelda Elementary School
(2006-2012)
SECONDARY
Macario B. Asistio Sr. High School
(2014-2015)
San Rafael Technical Vocational High School
(2015-2020)
TERTIARY
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila 117
❖ Baking/Cooking
❖ Driving

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Republic of the Philippines

EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL SUPERVISION AMONG CHILD IN CONFLICT

WITH THE LAW IN THE CITY OF MANILA

Thesis Presented to the Faculty

Of College of Criminal Justice Education

Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology

Of the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology

HENISAN, ERRA MAE

This thesis entitled “The Influence of Parental Supervision among

submitted by Bartolome, Nikka, Buaron, Reymar, Henisan, Erra Mae and

Moriente, Analyn in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology has been examined and is

recommended for the PRE-ORAL EXAMINATION.

M ANABEL D. RIVA, RCrim, Ph.D Crim(c)

Approved by the Oral Defense Panel on 12th of March 2024

with a rating of 2.00

--M ANABEL D. RIVA, RCrim, Ph.D Crim

Hassanour P. Cali RCrim, Juan Leonardo B. Britanico

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

DR.ANABEL D. RIVA, RCRIM PH. D CRIM

Title : THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL SUPERVISION AMONG

CHILD IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW IN THE CITY OF

Researcher : BARTOLOME, NIKKA D.

HENISAN, ERRA MAE

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Adviser : MR. DERICK O. PERALTA

Rationale of the Study

The parental supervision plays a vital role in assessing

holds significance both on a global scale and within local

contexts. Recognizing the importance of parental involvement in

assessing such children is widely accepted worldwide for its role

in reducing repeat offenses and facilitating successful

reintegration into society, including in countries like the

Philippines, which face significant challenges in addressing

Internationally, extensive research consistently indicates

that effective parental supervision significantly decreases the

likelihood of delinquent behavior among young individuals. In the

Philippines, the influence of parental supervision at local social

welfare development agencies like rehabilitation centers are even

more crucial due to the nation's unique socio-cultural dynamics.

The Philippines places immense value on family and filial bonds,

with tightly-knit family structures serving as a cornerstone of

society. Nonetheless, factors such as poverty, parental absence

due to work migration, and the breakdown of traditional family

setups have contributed to a rise in juvenile delinquency rates.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to investigate the influence of parental

supervision on child in conflict with the law, focusing on the

dimensions of parental involvement, emotional support, and

communication quality. The research sought to answer the

following key questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.3 Relationship to CICL