S t u d y t h e d e f i n i t i o n s o f t h e w a r d s . T h e n d o t h e exercises t h a t f o l l o w .

?A, 1, Afeature t h a t contributes to physical comfort.

Airconditioning is an amenity that many in the torrid South consider essential.
2. A feature that increases the attractiveness or vatue of a location.
The freshwater lake on the edge of town was an amanity all the residents enjoyed.
amenities n. pi. Acts of social courtesy.
The company president did not waste time on amenities but told the employees
Immediately how serious the situation was.

Talkto your poriner about theoneamenity you cannot fivewithout,

adj, Having a feelingo f oppositiono r d i s t a s t e .

M y parents are a v e troso u
e r watching television w h we
i l eea t dinner.
aversion n.

Helene?s aversiont o c i t y l i f e l e dh e r t o r e n t a cabin i n t h e m o u n t a i n s f o r a y e a .

Telfyour partnerwhatfood you havean aversionto.

?Adj. So self-satisfied t h a t one sees n o needf o r c h a n g e ; unconcemed.

*I don't need to study." was Sidell's complacent answer when reminded of tomorrow's
final test.
c o m p l a c e n c y n.
M ysister's complacency about her musicalability wasshaken when shewasnot chasen
for a solo in the opera.

decompose v. To decay or to breakdown i n t o b a s i c elements.

dékampaz? i f we addthesekitchen scrapst o thegrasscuttings, over time theywill decomposei n t o 2
rich garden mulch,

defray y. To supply t h e money f o r ; t o pay.

data? ?Our s c h o o !h a s moneyi n t h e b u d g e t t o defray t h e c o s to f t h eclass's trip.

emanate ¥. To come out from a source.

em?anat A s t h e boys crept downt h e basementstairs, a low humming noiseemanatedfrom t h e
furnace.

Withyourpartner,m a k e aquick ist of things thet emanateheat.

. To picture in ane's mind; to imagine something in the future.

Fewof the Native Americans living in the 1600s could have erwvisaged that the forests
surrounding them would be gone within a few hundred years,

Discussw i t hy o u rp a r t n e r what y o u envisagef o r yourselft w e n t y years f r o m n o w .

Wordly Wise 3000+ Book9 121

 facetious adj. Playtullyor inappropriately humorous. / / /

fast? shas Joelle claims she was just being facetious when she askedi f your new ring w a sa prize
from the bubble-gum machine.

faltacy n. Afalse o r mistaken idea.

fal? asé Uncle Walter arques that it is a f a l lt oa think
c y that the the storm w o n ' t hit the town.

fallacious. adj.
Mayor Thompson's argument is persuasive, but i's based on a fallacious idea.

a2 Chat withyour partnerabout why. is a fallacy that the sunrevolves aroundEarth.

furor ?A.
Anuproar; a state of great anger or excitement.
fyoor?or When the surprise witness for the prosecution tumed out to bet h ebest friend of the
accused, the courtroom was thrown intoa furor.

idyll n. A n e p i s o d e o r experience t h a t is calm and carefree.

Fdal Our summer i d y l l ended when the boat came to take us off the island.

idyllic aj
The park near the fake was an idyllic spot for our picnic.

1n,Scarcity; smatiness in number or amount.

The paucity of the harvest became very clear when we looked at the half-empty barrel
of apples.

adj. Full of tiny holes or spaces; easily penetrated by gas or liquid.

The amount of clay in the soil prevents it from being very porous, so rainwater often
accumulates in large pools.

supersede v. Toreplace; to cause to beset aside becauseo f superiority.

$00 par sed" By the 1960s, airplanes had supersededships as the most commonmeansf o r long-
distance travel.
@
a2 Asky o u r p a r t n e r w h a t device mights u p e rc esl lphones.
e d e

tangible adj. 1. Real; able to be touched.

tan? je bat ?The museum guide pointed to a small stamp an the bottomofthe vase as tangible proof
of its antiquity.
2, Possible to
understand or realize; not vague of uncertain.
Atangible benefit of the insurance policy is that it cannot be canceled for any reason.

Showyour partner tangible proof that you areright-orleft-handed.

122 Lesson 11
 Understanding Meanings
Readt h e following sentences. If t h e word in bold is used correctly, write Con the
line. I f t h e word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using t h e word correctly.

1. To envisage something is to have it in mind.

. A f a c e t i o u s c o m m e n t is o n e t h a t is m a d e in the heat of anger.

A p o r o u s substance is o n e t h a t flows a n d can b e easily p o u r e d .

To supersede is to take somethingback o r recover it.

A tangible result is one that is certain or definite.

An amenity is a feud or struggle between groups or individuals.

A paucity of something is a shortage of it.

A complacent person is one who sees no room for self-improvement.

A furor is a person who wields absolute power.

10. An aversion is a roundabout way of doing something.

1 .
An idyll is a person one greatly admires,

Wordly Wise 3000-«Book9 123

 12, A f a l l a c y is a n incorrect idea.

13. To decompose is to become upset.

14, To emanate from somewhere is to be born in that place.

15. To defray the cost of something is to provide the money for it.

Using W o r d s
If t h e w o r d (or a f o r m o f t h e w o r d ) i n b o l d f i t s i n a s e n t e n c e i n t h e g r o u p f o l l o w i n g it,
w r i t e t h e w o r d i n t h e b t a n k space. If t h e w o r d d o e sn o t f i t , Jeave t h e s p a c e e m p t y .
There m a y b e m o r e t h a n o n e c o r r e c t a n s w e r o r n o c o r r e c t a n s w e r .

1. facetious
{a} lan?s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ remarks make him unpopular and impossible to take
seriously.

(b} This cream feels e x t r e m e l y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when you apply it to the skin,

{c) Monique gave me a _ _ _ _ smileas she explained the practical joke.

2. defray
(a) Greg a t t e m p t e d t o _ _ _ _ the company of $10,000 by falsifying
the accounts.

_
emanate
(o) The state has agreed to _ _ _ _ _ _ the costs of providing nursing-home care.

envisage (c) Did you notice that the living-room rug has begun to _ _ _ _ around
facetious the edges?
| fallacy 3. porous
furor
{a) Sandy soil is extremely _ _ _ _ , so you must water the plants frequently.
_[ a y n
|paucity (b) Ifthe skin w e r e n o t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? _ , we would not be able to perspire.
porous (©) Water becomes more _ _ a s it is heated, eventually becaming vapor.
supersede
tangible

124 Lesson 11
 decompose
(a) M a n y d i n o s a u r skeletons have n o t _ _ _ _ even after sixty m i l l i o n years.

{b) Before we could repair the engine, we had t o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i t .

{c) A n i m a l flesh becomes adoriferous as it begins to

|.
amenity
(a) We had the o l f _ _ _ _ _ removed and a new one installed.

(b) The hotel offers e v e r y _ _ . . _ _ _ , including free room service and pet care,

(c) The village's sole _ _ _ _ _ _ i s a general store with an attached gas station.

emanate
{a) Most of the criticism of the company seems t o _ _ _ from
_ employees
who were fired.

(b) The strong f r a g r a n c e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ f r o m the honeysuckle and the roses.

{ce} When will the next train for Philadelphia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from
_ _ track four?

complacent
{a) With our team leading by just two points, we couldn't afford to be

(b) Scarcely a ripple disturbed the _______surface of the lake.

(ce) Secure in its b o r d e r s a n d v e r y prosperous, the c o u n t r y g r e w

envisage
(a) Can y o u _ _ _ _ _ h o w t h e various parts o f t h e m a c h i n e will fit together?

(b) When she was little, Ji did not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ having t w e l v e children.

(©) The sleeping child _ _ _ _ a magical world.

Wordly Wise 3000 - Book 9 125

 Word Study: A n a l o g i e s
Complete t h e analogies byselecting t h e pair o f words whose relationship most i
resembles t h e relationship of t h e palr in capital letters. Circle t h e letter n e x t t o t h e
pair you choose.

1. COMMISERATE : SYMPATHY =:

fa) speculate :
luck (0 solicit: help
(b) venerate respect :
(d) recover: health

AMPUTATE : LIMB ::

{a) c u t : f i n g e r {© prune branch :

(b) plant : tree (d) defray : cost

PLEASANT: IDYLLIC :
fa) rare : ubiquitous (c)careful : punctilious
(o) distance remote :
{d) payment gratis :

BENEFICIARY RECEIVE :
::

(2) flow emanate

:
{c) fallacy: believe
(b) secret : divulge id) donor: give

GARNER : DISSEMINATE ;;

{c) decompose : repose

(b) envisage : emanate (d) collect :distribute

6, TANGIBLE TOUCH :
::

fa)solid: melt (c) visible: see

(b) tacit: speak {d) liquid: flow
, MYRIAD : NUMBER ::

(a) vast: size (0 complacent:attitude

(b) practicable : purpose (d) ancient antiquity :

FACET: GEM =:

{a}weight : diamond {c)quality value ;

(b} volume sphere ;

(d) side: cube

DEPRECIATE : BELITTLE ::

fa) censure reward :

{chextol praise
:

(b} solicit : donate (d) scorn venerate

:

TO.FALLACY ; ERRONEOUS =:
facetious
(a) ingrate grateful
:
(c) beneficiary
: beneficial
eho _ _ . {b) visage stern
: (d) cliché : trite

126 Lesson 1
I m a g e s of Words
Circle t h e l e t t e r n e x t t o t h e s e n t e n c e t h a t s u g g e s t s t h e b o l d v o c a b u l a r y w o r d .
There m a y be more t h a n one correct answer or n o c o r r e c t answer,

|.
aversion

{a} We took a roundabout route because the road through Bristol was closed.
(b) When served broccoli, Nazneen refused to eat it.
(ce) |
move as far away as possible from any dogs in the park.

facetious
(@} The coach handed his star hitter a baseball bat and said to hold it by the
skinny end.
(b) The doctor told Farouz he should exercise more regularly.
(©) The motorbike skidded on a patch of ice and went out of control.

idyll
(a) In the letter, Natalie describes her relaxing sojourn in Maine.
(b) Antonio sat on a bench, watching the rest of us picking up litter.
{Q)_ It t o o k f o u r hourso f d i f f i c u l t climbing t o reach the peak o f Mt. Belvedere.

furor
(a) After their teammate was tripped, the other hockey players found it difficult to
control their anger.
(b) The company?s announcement of heavy losses for the quarter sent the stock
exchange into a frenzy of activity.
(©) His legs g o i n g like pistons, Wylie broke t h e recordf o r t h e 100-meter race.

. supersede
{a) Mr. Ebersole was put in charge o f the assembly line?s f i f t y workers,
(b) Upan Queen Victoria's death, her son ascended the t h r o n e as Edward Vit.
{C) Fuet injection has m a d e t h e a u t o m o b i l e carburetor a thing o f the past.

envisage
fa) Lincoln i m a g i n e d t h a t the United States could exist w i t h o u t slavery.
(6) Lena apologized for dropping by without calling first and said she hoped she
wasn't disturbing us.
(Q) i n h e r b e o k , the a u t h o r claims that a w o r l d w i t h o u t war o r h u n g e r is feasible.

tangible
fa) letter with the defendant's fingerprints on it was introduced into evidence,
A
(b) The increase in the stock price gave Moana a profit of $6,000.
{©} Clyde?s t h o u g h t s were so m u d d l e d t h a t h e f o u n d it d i f f i c u i t to concentrate.

paucity
(a) Rhode Istand, the smallestof the fifty states, has an area of 1,214 square miles.
(b) The choir?s choices are limited because it has fewer than a dozen male voices.
(©) Myblueberry muffin contained exactly four blueberries.

Wordly Wise 3000+ B o o k ? 127

 9. amenities

fa) The meeting began with bows, handshakes, and greetings in two languages.
{b) The dessert tray contained French pastries and other delicacies.
(©) The hotel supplied us with fluffy terrycloth bathrobes and a variety of expensive
toiletries.

10. f a l l a c y

{a) She accused m e of cheating o n t h e test.

{b} There is no truth to the b e l i e f t h a t you should not eat before s w i m m i n g .

( K i k o mistakenly believes t h a t Miami is the capitat o f Florida.

V o c a b u l a r y in C o n t e x t
Read the passage.

?Mount Trashmore?
?There was a time when we, as a society, had no need to be concerned about
garbage disposal. People were more frugal and less inclined to throw away uneaten
food; in addition, few commonly used items came in bottles, cans, or cardboard boxes.
The small amounts of garbage that were produced in those days ended up in the town
dump. Understandably, people were averse to living close to such places, from which
unpleasant smells emanated and i which rats resided. Fortunately, when land was
plentiful and the poputation was smaller than it is today, no one had to.
As che country?s population grew, it produced garbage in greater and greater
quantities. Packaging became more elaborate, and we became more wasteful, making
it necessary to find new ways to dispose of vast amounts of garbage. We could no
longer afford to be complacent about garbage disposal. While recycling cans, bottles,
plastic containers, and paper products has helped, it takes care of only part of the
problem.
One of the major changes has been the closing of the old town dumps. They
are being superseded by large, carefully managed landfills, a hundred acres or more
in size, that receive garbage from over wide area. The world?s largest landfill was
a

located on Staten Island and served the city of New York. Ir took in over ten thousand
tonsof solid waste a heighto f five
day, covered three thousand acres, and rose to a

hundred feet. At its inception in 1948, engineers envisaged that it would have a life
of five years. When it closed in March 2001, it had lasted over fifty years. Landfills of
this size require careful management. Because the ground on which they are located
is usually porous, important to protect the groundwater beneath it. This is
it is

accomplished by laying down a lining of strong plastic or tightly packed clay to act as
a barrier. Another consideration 1s how to handle the methane gas that is created as

organic wastes such as food scraps and leaves break down. A common solution is to

18 Lesson 11
 . Name one tangible benefit that modern landfills can offer.

H o w is methane gas produced at landfills?

W h y are t o w n d u m p s much less c o m m o n now t h a n t e n years ago?

How did the fast-food industry demonstrate that it was not complacent?

What mistaken idea do some people have regarding sites for landfills?

In the past, what would have been the likely consequence of locating a town dump near
a residential area?

Why do you think there is no paucity of space for future landfills?

W h a t vision d i d the designers o f ?Mount Trashmore?have f o r the area?

amenity

| averse
_somplacent
_| | decompose Why would an area with clay soil be a good spot for a landfill?
defray
_emanate_
envisage .
H o w d i d local residents refer to t h e Riverview Highlands Ski Resort?
facetious
fallacy
| furor
_|}. tayt .
Where does t h e data concerning landfills c o m e from?

I paucity
porous
_||_ supersede
|_tangible_

130° Lesson 11
 F u l ?ascinating FACTS

*Two words sometimes confused are because t h e y k n o w t h a t ultraviolet

rays have an adverse e f f e c t o n their
averse and adverse. Perhaps this is
health.)
because both are adjectives, both
can take the preposition to, and both
© What a difference a prefix makes! To
suggest negative qualities. In addi-
tion, the spelling of these two words decompose is to decay; to discom-
is almost identical. Averse means pose is to make peopte feel ill at ease
by causing them to lose their calm. A
?unwilling? or ?reluctant.? Adverse
synonym of discompose is perturb.
means ?unhelpful? or ?harmful.? (Many
people are now averse to sunbathing

Wordly Wise 3000 - Book 9 aE

 Vocabulary Extension
supersede
verb To take the place of something that is older or no longer useful.

Academic Context
In science, if a hypothesis is scientifically proven to be incorrect, It will be
superseded by a new theory until that one is disproven.
W o r d Parts
The prefix super- means ?on top;??over and above,? or ?exceeding.?
Examples of words with this prefix are superimposed or superhuman.
Can you think of other words with the prefix super-?

Discussion & W r i t i n g P r o m p t
Describe an example o f s o m e t h i n g t h a t has been s u p e r s e d e d by s o m e t h i n g else. In w h a t ways was
t h e n e w version b e t t e r than the first?

1, Tum and talk to your partner or group. 2. Write 3-5 sentences.

Use this space to take notes o r draw your ideas. Be ready t o share w h a t y o u have written.