Phy 3

What I Know
DIRECTIONS: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which BEST explains why the Earth is not disk-shaped?

A. Stars are viewed differently when traveling north and south.
B. The shadow cast by Earth during a lunar eclipse is circular.
C. The shadow cast in two different cities during a solstice differed in length.
D. The only shape that cast a circular shadow in whatever direction is a
sphere.
2. Which of the following is an annual motion?
A. Moonrise C. Sunset
B. Eastward rise of stars D. Vernal equinox
3. What astronomical event was NOT known to men before the advent of
telescopes?
A. Solar eclipse C. Retrograde of Mars
B. Summer solstice D. Rotation of the Sun
4. Which aided Eratosthenes in measuring the Earth’s circumference?
A. The appearance of stars differs when travelling from north to south.
B. The shadow cast within the Syene and Alexandria during the solstice.
C. A sphere is the only shape that cast a circular shadow in whatever
direction.
D. The shadow cast by the Earth during a lunar eclipse is circular.
For nos. 5-6, choices are
A. Autumnal equinox C. Summer solstice
B. Eastward rise of stars D. Zodiac cycle
5. What is a diurnal motion?
6. Which does NOT involve the Sun’s ecliptic path?
For nos. 7-10, choices are:
A. All planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit.
B. Any point in the closed curved is equidistant to the two foci.
C. Planets move fastest in the elliptical orbit when nearest to the sun.
D. The length of a planet’s revolution in the Sun is proportional to its orbit’s
size.
7. Which describes the law of ellipse?
8. Which describes the law of harmony?
9. Which describes the law of equal areas?
10. Which explains the difference in the orbital period of Earth and Saturn?
For nos. 11-15, choices are:
A. Copernican C. Ptolemaic
B. Keplerian D. Tychonic
11. Which presents a system with elliptical orbit?

12. Which presents a heliocentric model of the universe?
13. Which presents a geo-heliocentric model of the solar system?
14. Which attributes retrograde motion of the planets to epicycles?
15. Which states that a planet moves fastest when it is nearest to the sun?
1. Law of Harmony: the square of a planet’s orbital period (years) is proportional
to the cube of the semimajor axis of its orbit (in astronomical units or AU) or
𝑃2 = 𝑎3. Thus, the larger the orbit’s size, the longer it takes to orbit the sun.
What’s More
Activity 1.1 Draw it
Draw a model of the solar system based on the Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motions.
Write labels and figures to illustrate the three laws.
Activity 1.2 How far and how many years?

Using the formula given for the Law of Harmony, find the number of years a planet
takes to orbit the Sun and its distance from the Sun (semi-major axis).
Ex. Pluto’s a3 = 64,000. Its distance from the Sun (a) is equal to 40 AU. Likewise,
Pluto’s 𝑃2 64,000. Its orbital period (P) is equal to 252.98 years.
Planet Square of Cube of the Orbital period Distance from

planet’s semi-major (a)in years the sun (P) in
orbital years axis of the AU
(𝑃2) planet’s orbit
(a3) in
astronomical
units (AU)
Mercury 0.058 0.058 (1) (2)
Venus 0.378 0.378 (3) (4)
Earth 1.00 1.00 (5) (6)
Mars 3.54 3.54 (7) (8)
Jupiter 141 141 (9) (10)
Saturn 868 868 (11) (12)
What I Have Learned
Identification
Identify the astronomical events being described in each item. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the daily motion of stars and other celestial bodies across the sky due to
Earth’s rotation.
2. It is a model which deems Earth as the center of the universe.
3. An event in which the sun passes the celestial equator.
4. Occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and sun with the moon
casting a shadow on the Earth’s surface.
5. A model which deems all planets revolve around the sun.
6. Set of thirteen constellations seen along the Sun’s ecliptic path.
7. The astronomical event in which the sun passes the highest or lowest point
from the celestial equator.
8. It is the wobbling of the Earth’s celestial north pole.
9. The apparent yearly motion of stars and other celestial bodies across the sky
due to Earth’s revolution.
10. It occurs when the Earth is directly aligned between the sun and moon with
the Earth casting a shadow on the moon.
What I Can Do
You have learned about the ancient Greek astronomy and the development
of the model of the solar system. Answer the questions in two to three sentences.
1. Using a ball and a Frisbee, how would you explain to a flat-earther friend that
the Earth is round?
2. Why was Tycho Brahe’s work essential in the development of Kepler’s law of
planetary motion?

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What I Know

1. Which BEST explains why the Earth is not disk-shaped?

11. Which presents a system with elliptical orbit?

Activity 1.1 Draw it

Activity 1.2 How far and how many years?

Planet Square of Cube of the Orbital period Distance from

What I Have Learned

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