‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻮﻉ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻲ"‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ*‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ*‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪٢٠١١/١٢/١١ :‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪٢٠١١/١/٢٣ :‬‬

‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬

‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺩﺤﺽ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺴـﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﻯ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺨﺼﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (١٠٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻝﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٠٠١‬ﺒﺄﻨﻪ " ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺇﺼـﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜـﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺴﺘﻘل‪ ،"...‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻫﺩﺭ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺨﻼل ﺠﻠﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺜﻡ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺭﺤﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺯﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺜﻴﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺎﺼﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﻁﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺘﻨﺎﺯﻻ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺩﻓﻭﻋﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤل ﺴﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺇﻫﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻼ‬
‫ﻁﺎﺌل‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫* ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﺔ ﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺅﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣٣‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ "‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‬

Abstract
The Rebuttal Regulation Rule In the Jordanian
Civil Courts Regulation Laws

This study has revealed through the acknowledge of the rebuttal

regulation rule, and the way of using the rebuttal in the law suite, in addition to
the method used from the adversary side in order to disproof the claimant’s
claim, add to mention that it is a negative defense method that the defendant
does not gain from this method other than avoiding the judgment with the
adversary’s demands.
The article (109) from the civil courts regulations amended by the law
No.(14) of the year 2001 that the adversary before being exposed to the lawsuit
subject to demand from the court to issue the judgment with the following
rebuttal on a condition to present it as one payment in an independent request".
Thus, it has to show the rebuttal before entering in the lawsuit subject or the
right shall be abated.
The main reason not to waste the court time by entering in the lawsuit
subject through several sessions, and before issuing the judgment, where the
demise of adversarial shall be revealed from the formal impulsive rebuttals
which were revealed in the last minutes.
It is intended from this rule to arrange the rebuttal rule in the lawsuit of
not allowing the adversaries to use the procrastinate and procrastination. In
addition, the adversary entering into the lawsuit is considered as a waver from
him other than evoking the available formed rebuttals. Therefore, it is needed
from the adversary to reveal their formed rebuttals at the beginning of their
lawsuit, and before entering the lawsuit subject, for this resolution will enable
the court to reveal the presented formed defenses and take a decision
accordingly before entering into the details of the law suit, which may avoid
wasting the time.

١٣٤
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻸﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻭﺍﺠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺭﻴﻑ‪ ..‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ‪ ..‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺠﻭﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻡ ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒـﻪ ﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ " ﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ " ﺃﻭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ " ﻤﺘﺩﺨﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﻤﺎ " ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻜﺎﻓـﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺄﻴﻴﺩ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺩﺤﺽ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻲ ﻭﺴـﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﻯ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺨﺼﻤﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ ﻋـﻥ ﻁﺭﻴـﻕ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻜﺈﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻹﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤـﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﺩﻭﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺤـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻬﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻤﻨﻜﺭﺍ ﺇﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻓـﻭﻉ ﻋـﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻬﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻤﻨﻜـﺭﺍ ﺇﻴﺎﻫـﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻓـﻭﻉ ﻋـﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬـﺎ ﻭﻤﻔﺎﻋﻴﻠﻬـﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻪ ﻜل ﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﺩﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﻫـﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل؛ ﺘﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ـ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪١٩٨٨‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ (٥)٢٠٠١‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ‪ ١٠٩‬ﺇﻝﻰ ‪ ١١٢‬ﻤﻨﻪ ـ ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻭﺽ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ " ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ "‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸـﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤـﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ،٢٠٠٣‬ﺹ ‪. ٣٨٣-٣٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺩ‪ ،٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ " ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ "‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﻨـﺩﻴل ﻝﻠﻨﺸـﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴـﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٢٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،١٩٨٨ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ٧٣٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٣٥٤٥‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪.١٩٨٨/٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ١٢٥٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٤٤٨٠‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪.٢٠٠١/٣/١٨‬‬

‫‪١٣٥‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻫﺎ‪-:‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﻪ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺘﻨﻅﻡ ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝـﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺤﻭﺍل ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺩﻯ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﻘﻭﻁﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻹﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻨﺼﺏ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﻝﺤﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ؟؟‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﺼﺏ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ؟ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻪ ؟‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺴﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺤـﻕ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ؟‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ؟ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻜﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ؟‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ؟‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻫل ﻴﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﻼل ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ؟‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺼﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬

‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺤﻭل)) ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ((‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻗﺒل ﻗﻠﻴل ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﺠﺎﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺘﻨﺼﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺇﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﻤﺒﺤﺜـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻝﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪١٣٦‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ :‬ﺤـﻕ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓـﻊ ﻜـﺄﺤﺩ ﺃﻭﺠـﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤـﺎل ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ‪ :‬ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺠـﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﻝـﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘـﺭﺘﻴـﺏ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓـﻭﻉ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﺤـﻕ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓـﻊ ﻜـﺄﺤﺩ ﺃﻭﺠـﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤـﺎل ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻴﺯ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ)‪ .(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻁﺭﺡ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺎ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍ ﺃﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﻨﻁـﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼـﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻠﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ "ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺩﺨل" ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺜﻼ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺘﺔ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻝﻠﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺨﺼﻤﻪ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺄﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﺍ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻜﺎﻷﺘﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -:‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺸﻤل ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﻝﺘﻌـﺩﻴل ﻨﻁـﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺤﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺒﺎﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﻏﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،١٩٧٨ ،‬ﺹ‪.٧٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺼﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،١٩٩٤ ،‬ﺹ ‪.١٦٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٦٩٠-٦٨٩‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٣٩‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٢٣٥‬‬

‫‪١٣٧‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫ﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻏﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺤﻕ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺼـﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﻴﻥ ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -:‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻅﻬﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ)‪ .(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺒﺎﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻤﺤﻅ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻤﺠـﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻏﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻘﺭﺭﺍ ﻝﻠﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼـﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ " ﺃﻱ ﻝﻜل ﻤـﻥ ﻴﻘـﺩﻡ ﻁﻠـﺏ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻪ "‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻨﻘﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬
‫" ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ")‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﺒﺔ ﺘـﺘﻡ ﺒﻁﺭﻴـﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﻠـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤـﺎ ﻴﻤﺘﻨـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﺒﺔ ﺒﻪ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ)‪ .(٤‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﻠـﺏ ﻭﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻤـﻥ ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺒﺤﺴﻥ ﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ " :‬ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺃﻱ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻴﻘﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ "‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺭﺭﻩ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل‪ " :‬ﻻ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،١٩٩٩ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪ . ٤١‬ﺼﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٦٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﻏﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ -. ٢١١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - .٢٣٦-٢٣٥‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،٢٠٠١ ،‬ﺹ ‪ – .٢٩٠-٢٨٩‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٦٨٩‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ -.١٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٢٣٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٦٩١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ١٦-١٥‬‬

‫‪١٣٨‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﻴﻘﺒل ﺃﻱ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻴﻘﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١/٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪.(١)" ...‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻼﻝﺘﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﺼـﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﻫﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ ‪ -:‬ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻫﺠﻭﻡ ﺒﺤﺘﺔ ﻴﺴﻌﻰ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻡ ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺒﺎ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺘﺔ ﻴﺴﻌﻰ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻝﺭﺩ ﻤﻁﺎﻝﺒﺔ ﺨﺼﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻭﺇﺸﻜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﺎ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ ‪ -:‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺼﺢ ﺍﻝﺤﻜـﻡ ﻝﻠﺨﺼـﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻲﺀ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻁﻠﺒﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻻ ﻴﺼﺢ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻴﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻪ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﻁﺎﻝﻤـﺎ ﻝـﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻝﺜﺎ ‪ -:‬ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻻ ﻴﺼﺢ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺨﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﺜﻼ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﻩ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺘﻠﻘـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎ ‪ -:‬ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﺃﺒﺩﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨﺎﻤﺴﺎ ‪ -:‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻝﻪ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝـﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺩﻓﻌﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺘﺤﺩ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻭﻀـﻭﻋﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺒﺒﺎ ﻭﻤﺤﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻪ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻁ )‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ :‬ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀ ﻤـﻥ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼـﻭﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴـﺙ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٣/١٢٧٣‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٥‬ﺹ ‪. ٧١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ -.٢٣٧-٢٣٦‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٦٩٢‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،١٩٩٥ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.١٢-١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬

‫‪١٣٩‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ)‪ .(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺌـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻭﻋﻪ ﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ؛ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﻜـﺯ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻘﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺸـﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﺇﻱ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻫﻭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍﹰ؛ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻗﺩ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻜﺸﺭﻁ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺤﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺒﺈﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ ﺨﺼﻤﻪ ﺃﻴﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺍﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﺄﻥ ﻴﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻨﻌﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ ﺨﺼﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻴﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺃﺤﻘﻴﺔ ﺨﺼﻤﻪ ﺒﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﺴﺎﺴـﺎ ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻜﺤﻕ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺒﻪ ﺸﺭﻭﻁﺎ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺎ ‪ -:‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺴـﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﺃﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻷﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ)‪ .(٥‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﻔﻘﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ " :‬ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒـل ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻴﻘﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺎ ‪ -:‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺼﺢ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀﻩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭﺍ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺎ ﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻀﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺘـﻰ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺨﺼﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻔﻴﺩ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻀﻴﻑ ﺸﻴﺌﺎ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻻ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ‪ -:‬ﻭ ﻴﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﻤﺎ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴـﺘﻪ ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴـﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٦٩٢-٦٩١‬ﺭﺍﻏﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٢٨٩‬ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ١٠‬ﺼﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ١٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ .٤٤٧-٤٤٥‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ١٩-١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺼﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ١٧٨‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٢٣٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺼﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ١٧٨-١٧٥‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ١٩‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٥٠‬‬

‫‪١٤٠‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ )‪ . (١‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺒﻴﻨﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤـﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬـﺎ ﺤـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺭﺕ‪":‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻻﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻝﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻪ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﺯل ﻋﻨﻪ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻤﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺨﻼ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺒﺎﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴـﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼـﺎﺹ ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻤﺜﻼ ﻝﻠﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻔﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ )‪ .(٣‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ":‬ﻻ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺘﻔﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻓﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻪ ﺒﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻙ ﻝﻠﻔﺼل ﻓـﻲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻴﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ‪.(٤) "...‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻤﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ -:‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻭﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀـﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻬـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻋﺕ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻜﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ )‪.(٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺘﻴﻥ؛ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻨﺤﺎﻭل ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﻴﻥ ‪-:‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١/١١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ‪ " :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺇﺒـﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻘﻁ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ "‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٢/٦١١‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٤‬ﺹ ‪. ١١٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٤٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٤/٨٢١‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٥‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٤٩٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٥٢-٥١‬ﺼﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ١٨٥-١٨٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ":‬ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻝﻤﺼـﻠﺤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺯﻭل ﺍﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻨﺯل ﻋﻨﻪ ﺼﺭﺍﺤ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻉ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ"‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤١‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺈﻨﻬﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﻭﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻴﺭﻤﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﻜـﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻭﻀـﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﻤﺅﻗﺘﺔ ﺩﻭﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺸﻜﻼ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻹﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓـﻲ ﺇﺒـﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺴﺘﻘل ﻭﻝﻭ ﺒﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ":‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﺒﺘـﺩﺍﺌﻲ ﻴﺠـﺏ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻤﻬﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﺯﻝﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ\ﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺩﺨﻭﻻ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻻﻨﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴـﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴـﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﺸﺄ ﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓﻼ ﻴﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤـﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ)‪ .(٣‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘـﻪ ﺍﻝﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١١‬ﻤـﻥ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩﻩ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل‪ ":‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌـﺩﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺼـﺎﺹ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻔﻠﺢ ﻋﻭﺍﺩ‪،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ .٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﺹ ‪- . ٢٥٨‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪.٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ -. ١٦‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٤/٤٨٥‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺹ ‪. ٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٦٩٢‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ – . ١٧٠‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٩٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١/١١١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ‪ ":‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻻﻨﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﻻﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺴـﺒﺏ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻨﻅﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ "‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤٢‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻻﻨﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﻻﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﺤﻜـﻡ ﺒـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻘﻊ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻭﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻬﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺒﻁﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻜل ﺩﻓﻊ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ )‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺨـﺭﻯ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴـﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻝـﺩﻓﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻴﻘﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝـﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻭﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺘﻨﻔـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ ﺒﻐﺭﺽ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻤﺎﻨﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺸﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒـﺒﻁﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻘﻊ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘـﻭل‪ ":‬ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﻗﺒل ﺨﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻝﺜﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺼـﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺤﻜـﻡ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ"ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻫـﻭ ﺩﻓـﻊ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌـﻲ ﺫﻭ ﻤﺤﺘـﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺩﻓﻪ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻻ ﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﺒل ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٨/٢١٢٥‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٩‬ﺹ ‪. ٣٦٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ – . ٢٥٨‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٦١‬ﺭﺍﻏﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٤/٨٢١‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٥‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٤٩٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٦/١٠٢‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٦٦٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٦٩٣‬ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ – . ١٤‬ﺼﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٦٤‬‬

‫‪١٤٣‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻻ ﻴﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻻﺘﻔـﺎﻕ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻜﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻝـﻭ ﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل‪ ":‬ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬـﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺘﻠﻘـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ -:‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺒﺈﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻰ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﺤﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻫﻲ ﺤﻕ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻕ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺘﻠﻘـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺍ ﺒﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﺒل ﻭﻴﺠـﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﻩ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﺕ‪ " :‬ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ" )‪.(٤‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻀﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﻘﻊ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ " ﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ "‪ ،‬ﻜﺈﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻨﻘﻀﺎﺌﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﻝﻠﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻀﻲ ﺒـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺤﻕ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺸﺭﻋﺕ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻁﻠﺒﻬـﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٨٥٣‬ﺭﺍﻏﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٦/١٠٢‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٦٦٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٢٩١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٦/١٠٢‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٦٦٤‬‬

‫‪١٤٤‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺸﺭﻋﺕ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﺒل ﻭﺒﻴﻨﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ " :‬ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝﻸﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤـﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻋﺘـﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ‪ :‬ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻝﻠﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻹﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠـﻑ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﻨﻭﻀﺢ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ -:‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺴﺘﻘل ﻭﻝـﻭ ﺒﻼﺌﺤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺩﻯ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ)‪ .(٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (١٠٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻝﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ (١٤‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ " :‬ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝـﺩﻓﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺴﺘﻘل‪،"...‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ " :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻴﺸﻤل ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌـﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼـﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻻﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ ‪ -:‬ﺘﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻭﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺃﻭﻻ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﻐﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤـﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٢٩٢-٢٩١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ –.٢٤٧‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٧٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩١/١٠٥‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٢‬ﺹ ‪. ١٨٦٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٦٩٣-٦٩٢‬ﺼﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٢٦٤‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٢٧٣-٢٧٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٣/١٠١١‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٥‬ﺹ ‪. ١٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ - ١" :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻻﻨﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﻻﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺴـﺒﺏ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻨﻅﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ -٢ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﺒﻭﺘﻪ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜـﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻼﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺒ ﹰ‬

‫‪١٤٥‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻭﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺤﻜﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﻩ)‪ ،(١‬ﺴﻨﺩﺍ ﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١٠٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼـﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ " :‬ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺴﺘﻘل‪."...‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ‪ ":‬ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻀﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻝﺘﻔﺼـل‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١٠٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻝﺜﺎ ‪ -:‬ﻻ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻘﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﺤـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺒل ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ ﺒـﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﺘﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺴـﻨﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻤـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫)‪ (١١٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ " :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺒﻌـﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺤﺎﻝﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﻜـﻡ ﺒﻘﺒـﻭل ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺤﻜﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﺤﻕ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل‪ ":‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻘﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻕ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻪ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎ ‪ -:‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ "ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ" ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺒـل ﺍﻝﻔﺼـل ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺒﻘﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻭﺃﺴﺘﺄﻨﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜـﻡ ﻓـﺈﻥ ﺴـﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ" ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ " ﺘﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻘﺔ ﺃﻴﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺄﻨﻑ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺄﻨﻑ ﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻝﺘﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀـﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝـﻙ ﻝﺘﺠﻨـﺏ‬
‫ﺤﺭﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ)‪ .(٥‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٥/١٨٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ١٢٤‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٢٧٢‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٩٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٨٩/٨٥٣‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩١‬ﺹ ‪. ٨٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٢٧٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ .٢٤٨‬ﺭﺍﻏﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٠/٩٦٥‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٢‬ﺹ ‪. ١٠٥٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٨٧١-٨٧٠‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٢٧٣‬ﺭﺍﻏﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٥/١٨٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ‪ ":‬ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻝﺤﻜـﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺘﺄﻨﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀـﻲ ﺒـﺭﺩ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻌـﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻝﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻷﻱ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘـﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ"‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤٦‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﻜﻤﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﺒﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺄﻨﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻴﻁﺭﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺒﺭﻤﺘﻪ " ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻗل ﻝﻼﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ"‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﻔﺫﺕ ﻭﻻﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺨﺎﻤﺴﺎ‪ -:‬ﺍﻷﺼل ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬـﻲ ﺤـﻕ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻤﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀﻩ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﻭ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻔـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺔ"ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ")‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٦/١٩٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﻴـﺯ ﺇﺒـﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺃﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ا)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺠـﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﻝـﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘـﺭﺘﻴـﺏ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓـﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺘﺄﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺴ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻤﻌﺎ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺒﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﺃﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻨﺎﺯ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺩﻯ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺸﺭﻉ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻪ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٨٧١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ .٢٤٩-٢٤٨‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ .١٢٦-١٢٥‬ﺭﺍﻏـﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ١٨‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ – . ٦٨‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٩٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٦/١٩٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ‪ - ٦ " :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨـﺫﺓ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﻨﻘﻀﻪ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻝـﻡ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻀﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻝﻭﺍﺌﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻤﻴﻥ ﻓـﻼ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺒﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﻘﺽ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺃﻫﻤل ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺜﻡ ﺃﺘﻰ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ " ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤٧‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻻ ﺘﻘﻊ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻜﺎﻷﺘﻲ ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ؛ ﻫﻲ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﻭﺤﺴﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﻩ ﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺒﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺤـﺙ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻐﻨﻲ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻬﺩﺩﺓ ﻁﻭﺍل ﺴـﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺸﻭﻁ ﻁﻭﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﻴﻥ ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ :‬ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ‪ ":‬ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﻴـﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﺎ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺩﻯ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ" ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺘﺒﺭﻩ ﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﻋﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺴﺘﻘل ﻭﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١٠‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻤﺴـﻘﻁﹰﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﺍ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺩﺨﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺒﺈﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﻴﻤﺱ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺜل ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻠﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺯﻤﻲ‪ ،١٩٩٦ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ " ﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ "‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴـﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‬
‫‪ . ٢٩١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٣٦٥‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ١٣٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺍﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺤﻲ‪ ،١٩٥٩ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴـﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٥٧٢‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٢٧٢‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ١٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ - ١ ":‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻗﺒـل ﺇﺒـﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻓـﻊ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻘﻁ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ " ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤٨‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺎ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﺘﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺘﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺘﹰﺎ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﻀﻌﺎ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭﻩ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺎ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺴﻘﻁﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺒـﺭ ﻜـﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻴﻌﺘﺒـﺭ ﺇﺒـﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ " ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻹﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺼﺔ "‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل " ﻜﺎﻝـﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺴـﺒﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ "‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ " ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﺌﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ " ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺎ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺴﻘﻁﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭﺕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ‪ " :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺒـﺎﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻴﺘﻭﺠـﺏ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٦‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ، ١٩٥٣‬ﻭﻝـﻴﺱ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻥ ﺩﺨﻭل ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﺒﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﻡ ﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻬﻡ ﻤـﻥ ﺇﺜـﺎﺭﺓ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ")‪.(٤‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﻀﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ " :‬ﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻝﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻗﺩ ﻗﺩﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ")‪.(٥‬‬

‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ " :‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١٠٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺼـﻭﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﻴﻨـﻭﺍ ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‬
‫ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺩﻓﻭﻋﻬﻡ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺼـﻭﻡ ﻭﻗﺒـل ﺍﻝﺘﻌـﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺄﻨﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺤﺭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺩﻓﻭﻋﻪ ﻭﺒﻴﻨﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺼﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴـﺒﺏ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺍﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٥٧٢‬ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٤٢‬ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ١٧١‬ﻭﺍﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٥٨٢‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٣٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٣٦٠-٣٥٨‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٢٧٣-٢٧٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٥ / ١٦١٨‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٦‬ﺹ ‪.١٣٦١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،١٩٩٧ / ١٥٧٦‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺹ ‪. ٣٥٣٢‬‬

‫‪١٤٩‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺭﺭ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻤﻤـﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺨﻭﻻ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻤﺎﻨﻌﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ")‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪:‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭل ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻁﻠﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﺸﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ " ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل " ﺘﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ ﻴﻘـﺭﺭ ﻤﺸـﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺸﺭﻋﺕ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻭﻷﻱ ﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻝﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻨﺹ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨـﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻝﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ‪ .‬ﻭﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺃﺼـل ﺍﻝﺤـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻘﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺤﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻭﻴﺤﻭﺯ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﺎﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻓﻬﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﺫﻭ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻭﻁﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀـﻭﻋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٤ / ٧٨٨‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺹ ‪.١٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ١٨-١٧‬ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ١١‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٧٣‬‬

‫‪١٥٠‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﻭﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻤﺭﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٦/١٩٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻝـﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌـﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﺍ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ‪ " :‬ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ ﺒـﺎﻹﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﻗﺒل ﺨﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ " )‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل‪ ":‬ﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻻ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺤﻭل ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢ / ١٠٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ")‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻤﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻝﺘﻌﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝـﻙ ﺴـﻨﺩﺍ‬
‫ﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﺌﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺔ " ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ "‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻭﻓﺭﺽ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﻌﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ )‪.(٥‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭﺕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل‪ ":‬ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﻭﻜﻴل ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻭﻜﺎﻝﺘﻪ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻷﺸـﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺨﺼـﻭﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻜل ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٦٩٢‬ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ١٥-١٤‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٨٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٦/١٠٢‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٦٦٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٨ / ٢٨٣‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٩‬ﺹ ‪. ١٢٥٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﻪ‪ - ١ ":‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻻﻨﺘﻔـﺎﺀ ﻭﻻﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻨﻅﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ -٢ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺜﺒﻭﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻼﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻗﺎﺒ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ١٤٧-١٤٦‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٣٠٢‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢١٨‬‬

‫‪١٥١‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺤﺠﺏ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻨﻔﺴـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﻴﺠﻌل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﻴﺒﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺽ" )‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ١٤‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠١‬ﺒﺄﻤﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻴﺴﺠل ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﺎﻫﺔ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠـﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٨٨‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻤﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﻜﻤـﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺒﻌـﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺯﻭﺍل ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ " ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ " ١٩٨٨‬ﺒل ﺠﺎﺀ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٠٠١‬ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺤﺎﻝﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻭﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻝﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢/١١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﻠﺴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﻀﺭ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ " ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ " ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻗـﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﻴـﺩﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻨﻪ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺇﺜـﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻓـﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻜﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﻼل ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﻴﻥ ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ :‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﻠﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﻤﺎ ﺸﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻁﺄ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻤـﺎ ﻴﺴـﺭﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺴـﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺒـﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻨـﻭﻉ ﺫﻝـﻙ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٩/١٠٢٧‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٠٠٠‬ﺹ‪. ٨٥٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٢٩٩‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢١٨ -٢١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٨٢٦‬ﺼﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٧٩٩‬ﻭﺍﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٦٠٢‬‬

‫‪١٥٢‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬـﺎ ﺃﻤـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩﻩ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ ":‬ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫‪ ١١٠ ، ١٠٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٤ /١٨٨‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ")‪ .(١‬ﻭﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺘﻪ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ‪ " :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺄﻨﻑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴـﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝـﺙ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺭﺭ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺩﺨﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻤﺎﻨﻌﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ")‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻓﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﻝﻭ‬
‫ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻤﻥ ﻴﻠﺠﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺩﻓﻭﻋﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻴﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ":‬ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻓﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ")‪.(٤‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١٩٨‬ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ)‪ .(٥‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻥ ﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴـﺘﺌﻨﺎﻓﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻤـل ﺫﻝـﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﺴـﻴﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٤ /٧٨٨‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺹ ‪. ١٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٤ /٧٨٨‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺹ ‪. ١٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ - . ٨٧١-٨٧٠‬ﻭﺍﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٦١٠‬ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٩٤١-٩٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٤ / ١٢٣٥‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٦‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٣٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٦/١٩٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ‪ " :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨـﺫﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﻨﻘﻀﻪ ﻭﻝـﻭ ﻝـﻡ ﻴـﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻀﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻝﻭﺍﺌﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻼ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﺴـﺒﺒﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﻘﺽ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺃﻫﻤل ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺜﻡ ﺃﺘﻰ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓـﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺘـﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ "‪.‬‬

‫‪١٥٣‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺯ ﺍﻝﻤـﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﺴـﻨﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻤـﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٦/١٩٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﺜـﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻠﺕ ﺤﺘـﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﺒﺒﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﻘﺽ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩﻩ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻘـﺎﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺕ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ")‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ :‬ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻜﺄﺜﺭ ﻝﻺﺨﻼل ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺃﺴﺎﺴـﻲ ﻤﻔـﺎﺩﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺠـﺯﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻗﺩ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺴﺒل ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺠـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺤﺩﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﺘﺭﻡ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺤﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺭﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻝﻠﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬـﺎ ﻭﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬـﺎ ﻭﻓﻘـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﻝﺘـﺯﺍﻡ ﻤـﻥ ﻗﺒـل ﺍﻝﺨﺼـﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻭﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤـﺜﻼ ﺩﺨـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﻤﺴﻜﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ " ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ")‪ .(٤‬ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ ﻤـﺎ ﺘـﺫﻫﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ " :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻭﺠـﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺒﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٦‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٥٣‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻫـﻭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺩﺨﻭل ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﺒﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﻡ ﻝﺒﻴﻨـﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌـﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ "‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٨٩٢-٨٩١‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٢٩٢‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.٣٨٤-٣٨٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٥/١٦٦٩‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٦‬ﺹ ‪. ٩٥٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ١٥١-١٤٩‬ﻭﺍﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٨١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٣٦٧‬ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٤‬‬

‫‪١٥٤‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ /‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺴﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﻴﺠـﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺨﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﻝـﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺯل ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺼﺭﺍﺤ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ )‪ .(١‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ":‬ﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺤﻭل ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢ / ١٠٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻼ ﻴﺴﻘﻁ ﺤﻕ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌـﻲ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻷﻱ ﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﻓﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺴﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ":‬ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﺨﺼـﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻓﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﺜﺎﺭﺘـﻪ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ " )‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﺼﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻴﻘﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻤـﺔ ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴـﺏ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﻴـﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺩﻯ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺠــﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ " ﺍﻝﺩﻓــﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل " ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺨﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻻﺴـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺨﻠﺼﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺃﺨﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻨﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﻜل ﻨﻭﻉ ﺒﻤﻔﺭﺩﻩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ . ٣٦٧-٣٦٦‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪. ٢١٣-٢١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٨ / ٢٨٣‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٩‬ﺹ ‪. ١٢٥٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٤ / ١٢٣٥‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٦‬ﺹ ‪. ٢٣٢٥‬‬

‫‪١٥٥‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻨﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻴﻠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ"‬

‫‪ -‬ﻨﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺹ ﺼﺭﺍﺤ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻭﻴﺒـﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬـﺎ ﻭﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻨﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ‪ ١١٢ -١٠٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝـﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻭﺒﻨﺼـﻭﺹ‬
‫ﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻭﺽ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ " ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ " ‪،‬ﺍﻝﺠـﺯﺌﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﺜـﺎﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺩ ‪ ،٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ " ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ "‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﻨﺩﻴل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،١٩٨٨ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﺭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺭﺍﻏﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺩﻱ‪ ،١٩٧٨ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺼﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،١٩٩٤ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،٢٠٠١ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌـل ﻝﻠﻨﺸـﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻔﻠﺢ ﻋﻭﺍﺩ‪ ،٢٠٠٤،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻭﺍﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺤﻲ‪ ،١٩٥٩ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺯﻤﻲ‪ ،١٩٩٦ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ " ﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ "‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻝﺯﻏﻭل‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪، ١٩٩٩ ،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ، ١٩٩٥ ،‬ر'‪ ،%&# #‬ا‪#$‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬او ‪  ،‬ا‪ ،‬ا م ال  ا ا رد‬
‫ا رد  ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٥٦‬‬