DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi - 590018)

Accredited by NBA& National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade
Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout Bengaluru-560078
2022-23

Internship Report on
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS AND TRANSFORMER
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Submitted by
SAKSHAM AGARWAL
1DS21EE089
Under the Guidance of
Prof. SUGANTHI N
Asst. Professor
Dept. of E&E Engg.
DSCE, Bengaluru

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY JNANASANGAMA,

BELAGAVI-590018
2022-2023
 DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi – 590018)
Accredited by NBA & National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade Shavige
Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout Bengaluru-560078
2022-23

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Internship report entitled “ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS AND TRANSFORMER”
carried out by SAKSHAM AGARWAL bearing a USN: 1DS21EE089 a bonafide student of Electrical
& Electronics Engineering, DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, an
Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU, Belagavi in partial fulfillment for the academic requirement
during the year 2022-2023. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment
have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The Internship report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect to the work prescribed for the curriculum.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

Dr. PremKumar M Dr. PremKumar M
Professor & HOD. Professor & HOD
Dept. of E&E Engg. Dept. of E&E Engg.
DSCE, Bengaluru DSCE, Bengaluru

Name of Examiners Signature with date

1. ………………………. ……………………….

2. ………………………. ………………………
 DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi – 590018, Approved by AICTE & ISO 9001:2015
Certified)

Accredited by NBA, National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade

Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout

Bengaluru-560078

2023-2024

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DECLARATION
I, Saksham Agarwal (1DS21EE089) respectively, hereby declare that my internship
entitled “ ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS AND TRANSFORMER ” has been
independently done by me under the guidance of ‘Mr. Shashi Ranjan’ , Designation
of guide, Director at SHEPHAR’S COMPANY PVT. LTD. and submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Electrical & Electronics Engineering, at Dayananda Sagar College
of Engineering, an autonomous institution affiliated to VTU, Belagavi during the
academic year 2023-2024.

I further declare that we have not submitted this report either in part or in full to
any other university for the award of any degree.

SAKSHAM AGARWAL 1DS21EE089

PLACE:BENGALURU
DATE:20-06-2024
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Satisfaction and Euphoria that Accompanies the successful completion of seminar
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible with their
guidance and blessings, whose constant encouragement crowned my effort with success.

I consider my privilege to have studied in Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering. I

express my gratitude to our Principal, Dr. B G Prasad for permitting us to utilize all the
necessary facilities of the institution.

I owe a great sense of gratitude to our beloved Head of the Department, Dr. PremKumar
M, Professor and HOD, Department of Electrical and Electronics, DSCE for providing
excellent academic environment.

I would also like to convey my sincere gratitude towards MR. SHASHI RANJAN
(DIRECTOR) of SHEPHAR’S COMPANY PVT. LTD. for bridging the gap between
academic skills and industry skills which gave an amazing experience.

I feel to express my indebtedness and deep sense of gratitude to my guide Mr. PremKumar
M , Professor, HOD, Department of Electrical and Electronics, DSCE whose valuable
guidance and motivation given to me throughout.

I express my sincere thanks to all the Teaching and Non-teaching staff of Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, for their kind and constant support throughout the
academic Journey.

Lastly, we would like to express our deep appreciation towards our friends and our family
for providing us with constant moral support and encouragement.

SAKSHAM AGARWAL
 TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Sl. No. CONTENT Page no.

1. CHAPTER 1: Work Fields 08

2. CHAPTER 2: Tender Filing 12
3. CHAPTER 3: Best & Right Budget 14
4. CHAPTER 4: Components & Equipments 16
5. CHAPTER 5: Pf Esi in case mishappening 19
6. CHAPTER 6: Some pictures from the site 20
7. CHAPTER 7: Conclusion 21
 CO-PO MAPPING

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Approved by AICTE &
ISO 9001:2008 (Certified) Accredited by NBA National Assessment &
Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade

DEPARTMENT
OF
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

COURSE OUTCOMES OF INTERNSHIP

CO1 Ability to demonstrate the application of knowledge and skill sets acquired from the training /
industry.
CO2 To develop perseverance, planning, adaptability and technical/managerial skills
CO3 Communicate and collaborate effectively with different professionals in the training environment
through written and oral means.
CO4 Ability to recognize the need and engage in life-long learning for professional growth.

CO-PO / PSO Mapping

CO’S\PO’S\
PO PO PO
P SO P P P P P P P P P PS PS PS
10 11 12
O O O O O O O O O O O O
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3
CO
1
CO
2
CO
3
CO
4
 WORK FIELDS:
 ELECTRICAL MAINTANEANCE:
1.

Electrical maintenance is the process of inspecting, testing, and repairing

electrical systems to ensure their safe and reliable operation. Regular
electrical maintenance is essential to prevent electrical failures, equipment
damage, and workplace hazards.

Testing is another important part of preventive maintenance. Electrical

systems and equipment must be tested to ensure that they are operating
correctly and within safe limits. Some examples of testing include:

1. Electrical testing: This involves testing the electrical

components of equipment, such as motors, transformers, and
circuit breakers, to ensure that they are operating correctly.
2. Thermal testing: This involves using thermal imaging
cameras to detect overheating in electrical systems, which can
indicate potential problems.
3. Vibration testing: This involves testing equipment for
excessive vibration, which can indicate worn or damaged
bearings or other components.
4. Insulation testing: This involves testing the insulation
resistance of electrical systems to ensure that they are
adequately insulated and protected against electrical hazards.

Cleaning is another critical aspect of preventive maintenance.

Electrical systems and equipment must be kept clean to prevent dust
buildup, which can affect their performance and cause damage.

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 8

  TRANSFORMER AND ITS MAINTENANCE:

The primary purpose of transformer maintenance is to ensure the internal and

external parts of the transformer and accessories are kept in good condition
and “fit for purpose” and able to operate safely at all times. A secondary and
equally essential purpose is to maintain a historical record of the condition of
the transformer.

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 9

  OVERHEAD LINES:

In different regions of the world, different structures of overhead transmission lines

are in use. The simple structure consists of a wooden pole having more than one
arm. The arms are used for hanging the wires.
Insulators get dirty due to environmental pollution and dusty weather.
Visual inspection could be done without power isolation because you could inspect
them from a safe distance.Cleaning insulators is one of the most
important preventive maintenance.

Dirty insulators may pass electrical current as a flash-over. This flash-over can
destroy the insulator as well as cause an earth leakage fault.

The cleaning insulators process takes two forms:

One is by direct contact with it and using a piece of dry and smooth clothing, in this
case, power must be isolated.The second way is to clean with a water jet without
power isolation. Only well-trained persons can do this dangerous job with special
precautions.Sometimes the insulators get broken for many reasons. In this case, the
broken one should be replaced.

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 10

  STREET LINE,CABLE &PANEL:

1. Installation:
Proper installation of street light wiring connection begins with understanding
the electrical requirements of the specific lighting system. This include s
determining the appropriate voltage, current, and power capacity needed for the
street lights. Additionally, it is crucial to adhere to local electrical codes and
regulations, as well as any specific guidelines provided by the manufacturer.
2. Wiring Connection:
The wiring connection for street lights usually involves a series circuit, where
multiple lights are connected in a sequence. In this configuration, one end of
each street light is connected to the supply line, while the other end is
connected to the next light in the series. This ensures uniform distribution of
power throughout the lighting system. To achieve a secure and efficient
connection, it is important to use proper wire connectors, ensuring tight and
reliable connections.
3. Maintenance:
Regular maintenance is crucial for the longevity and performance of street light
wiring connections. This includes consistently inspecting the wiring for any
signs of wear or damage, such as frayed wires or loose connections.
Additionally, cleaning the wiring connections from any dust, debris, or
moisture is essential to prevent corrosion and ensure optimal conductivity.
In conclusion, the proper wiring connection is essential for the efficient
functioning of street lights. By following the installation guidelines ,
establishing the correct wiring connection, and conducting regular
maintenance, we can ensure the safety and durability of our street lighting
systems, contributing to a well-lit, secure environment for everyone.

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 11

 TENDER FILING:
3069 Electrical Work tenders are published by various Tendering Authorities & Private
companies. Filing a tender for electrical work under a government contract involves several
key steps to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and to increase the chances of
winning the bid. Here is a detailed guide:

1. Understanding the Tender Requirements:

 Tender Documents: Carefully read and understand the tender documents provided by
the government agency. This includes the scope of work, terms and conditions, and
submission guidelines.
 Pre-Bid Meetings: Attend any pre-bid meetings to clarify doubts and understand the
project requirements better.

2. Registration and Prequalification:

 Vendor Registration: Ensure your company is registered as a vendor with the

relevant government authorities.
 Prequalification: Complete any prequalification processes required to demonstrate
your company’s capability and experience in handling similar projects.

3. Preparing the Bid:

 Technical Proposal:
o Project Understanding: Clearly articulate your understanding of the project
o Work Plan and Schedule: Provide a detailed work plan and project schedule.
o Team Composition: Highlight the qualifications and experience of your project
team.
 Financial Proposal:
o Bill of Quantities (BOQ): Provide a detailed BOQ with itemized costs for
materials, labor, equipment, and overheads.
o Cost Estimates: Prepare accurate cost estimates based on current market rates.
o Profit Margin: Include a reasonable profit margin while remaining competitive.

4. Compliance with Regulations:

 Licenses and Permits: Ensure all necessary licenses and permits for electrical work
are up to date.
 Safety Standards: Demonstrate compliance with safety standards and regulations.
 Environmental Considerations: Address any environmental concerns and how you
will mitigate impacts.

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 12

 5. Documentation:

 Mandatory Forms: Complete all mandatory forms included in the tender documents.
 Supporting Documents: Attach all required supporting documents, such as company
registration, tax compliance certificates, past project references, and financial
statements.
 Bid Security: Provide the bid security or earnest money deposit (EMD) as required by
the tender.

6. Bid Submission:

 Format: Follow the specified format for bid submission. This typically includes both
technical and financial proposals in separate sealed envelopes.
 Submission Deadline: Ensure the bid is submitted before the deadline. Late
submissions are typically not accepted.
 Acknowledgment: Obtain an acknowledgment receipt for your submitted bid.

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 13

 BEST & RIGHT BUDGET:

Creating a budget for a tender by an electrical work vendor involves several key steps to
ensure it is both accurate and competitive.

1. Scope of Work:

 Review Specifications: Thoroughly understand the project specifications and

requirements outlined in the tender documents.
 Site Visit: If possible, visit the site to get a clearer understanding of the work
environment and potential challenges.

2. Materials:

 Bill of Quantities (BOQ): Prepare or review the BOQ, listing all materials required
for the project.
 Material Costs: Obtain quotes from suppliers for all required materials, including
cables, conduits, fixtures, panels, and any specialized equipment.

3. Labor:

 Labor Requirements: Estimate the number of workers and the types of skills needed
for the project.
 Labor Costs: Determine the labor rates, considering hourly wages, overtime, benefits,
and any subcontractor costs.

4. Equipment:

 Equipment Needs: Identify the equipment necessary for the project, such as lifts,
drills, and testing instruments.
 Rental Costs: If equipment needs to be rented, get quotes for rental costs and include
transportation and maintenance costs.

5. Overheads:

 Indirect Costs: Include costs such as insurance, permits, safety equipment,

transportation, administrative expenses, and site facilities.
 Contingencies: Allocate a percentage of the total budget for unexpected costs, usually
around 5-10%.

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 14

 6. Profit Margin:

 Markup: Decide on a reasonable profit margin based on industry standards and your
business goals. Typically, this ranges from 10-20%.

7. Project Timeline:
 Schedule: Develop a project timeline to ensure all phases of the project are accounted for.
 Cash Flow: Plan for cash flow to ensure you have enough working capital throughout the project.

8. Legal and Compliance:

 Regulations: Ensure compliance with local electrical codes and regulations.
 Contract Terms: Review the contract terms for any financial penalties or bonuses related to project timelines
and performance.

9. Review and Adjust:

 Peer Review: Have another experienced person review the budget for accuracy and completeness.
 Adjustments: Make necessary adjustments based on feedback and any new information.

10. Submission:
 Format: Prepare the budget in a clear and professional format.
 Documentation: Include all necessary documentation such as quotes, BOQs, labor estimates, and any
assumptions made during the budgeting process.
 Tender Submission: Submit the tender by the specified deadline, ensuring all required forms and
certifications are included.

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 15

 COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS:

1. Transformers:

 Replacement Parts:
o Windings
o Core laminations
o Bushings
o Tap changers
o Cooling fans
o Gaskets and seals
 Maintenance Tools:
o Insulation resistance tester
o Transformer oil tester
o Thermographic camera

2. Overhead Cables:

 Materials:
o Conductors (AAC, AAAC, ACSR)
o Insulators (pin, disc, and strain insulators)
o Hardware fittings (clamps, splices, connectors)
o Guy wires and guy rods
 Maintenance Tools:
o Cable crimping tools
o Hydraulic cutters
o Cable fault locators
o Tension meters
o High voltage testers

3. Poles and Supports:

 Materials:
o Utility poles (wood, steel, or concrete)
o Cross arms and brackets
o Pole caps and insulator pins

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 16

  Maintenance Tools:
o Pole climbers and safety harnesses
o Augers and drills
o Pole setting equipment
o Grounding tools

4. Protective Devices:

 Circuit Breakers and Reclosers:

o Replacement circuit breakers
o Recloser maintenance kits
 Fuses and Cutouts:
o Fuse links and cutout bodies
 Surge Arresters:
o Surge protection devices

5. Measurement and Testing Instruments:

 Multimeters and Clamp Meters:

o Digital multimeters
o Clamp-on ammeters
 Phase and Voltage Testers:
o Phase rotation meters
o High-voltage phasing sticks
 Ground Resistance Testers:
o Earth resistance testers

6. Safety Equipment:

 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

o Insulated gloves and sleeves
o Hard hats and face shields
o Flame-resistant clothing
 Safety Devices:
o Lockout/tagout kits
o Arc flash protection gear

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 17

 7. Miscellaneous:

 Consumables:
o Electrical tape and heat shrink tubing
o Cable ties and wire markers
o Lubricants and cleaning agents
 Installation Hardware:
o Bolts, nuts, and washers
o Anchors and fasteners

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 18

 PF ESI IN CASE MISHAPPENING:

ESI is a contributory fund that enables Indian employees to participate in a self-financed,

healthcare insurance fund with contributions from both the employee and their
employer.The scheme is managed by Employees’ State Insurance Corporation, a
government entity that is a self-financing, social security, and labor welfare
organization.The entity administers and regulates ESI scheme as per the rules mentioned
in the Indian ESI Act of 1948.ESI is one of the most popular integrated need-based social
insurance schemes among employees. The scheme protects employee interest in uncertain
events such as temporary or permanent physical disability, sickness, maternity, injury
during employment, and more. The scheme provides both cash benefits and healthcare
benefits.

Employee Employer

Total contribution 12% of monthly salary

12% of monthly salary
(subject to a maximum of
Rs 1,800)

Employee Pension 0 8.33% (of the 12%)

Scheme (EPS)

Employee Provident Fund Full amount 3.67% (of the 12%)

(EPF)

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 19

 SOME PICTURES FROM THE SITES:

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 20

 CONCLUSIONS:
Maintaining electrical systems, particularly those involving transformers and overhead
cables, is critical for ensuring the safety, reliability, and efficiency of power distribution. A
well-structured maintenance program, backed by a comprehensive tender, is essential for
achieving these goals.

Comprehensive Planning: Detailed planning is crucial to address all aspects of the

maintenance work, including the identification of necessary components, equipment, and
safety measures.

Quality Assurance: Using high-quality materials and employing skilled technicians will
minimize downtime and prevent future issues. This ensures a robust and reliable electrical
infrastructure.

Safety First: Adherence to safety standards and the use of appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE) are paramount. This not only protects workers but also ensures
compliance with regulatory requirements.

Regular Inspections: Routine inspections and preventive maintenance help in early

detection of potential problems, thereby reducing the risk of unexpected failures and
costly repairs.

Effective Communication: Clear and continuous communication between all

stakeholders, including contractors, suppliers, and the overseeing authority, ensures
smooth execution and timely completion of the maintenance work.

Documentation: Keeping detailed records of all maintenance activities, including

inspections, repairs, and replacements, helps in tracking the performance of the electrical
systems and planning future maintenance schedules.

Dept. of EEE, DSCE 21