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Lecture 1 : Vector

S.N. Index
1 Physical quantity

2 Polar and axial vector

3 Position vector

5 Displacement vector

6 Shifting of vector

7 Angle between two vector

8 Addition & Subtraction : Graphical Method

9 Addition & Subtraction : Analytical Method

10 Resolution of vector

11 Cyclic vector

12 Lami theorem

PHYSICAL QUANTITY
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Physical quantity

● Quantity which are measurable (Direct / Indirect / Law & Principle)

● Example : Mass, Velocity & Force

Vector quantity

● Magnitude + Direction + Vector law

● Example : Mass, time & distance

Scalar quantity

● Magnitude + No direction
● Example : Mass, time & distance

Tensor quantities :

● Tensor quantities have different magnitudes in different directions and do not obey the laws of vector addition.
● Example : Moment of inertia & Stress

State, for each of the following physical quantities, if it is a scalar or a vector : volume, mass, speed, acceleration, density,
number of moles, velocity, angular frequency, displacement, angular velocity.
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Pick out the two scalar quantities in the following list : force, angular momentum, work, current, linear momentum, electric
field, average velocity, magnetic moment, relative velocity.

Pick out the only vector quantity in the following list : Temperature, pressure, impulse, time, power, total path length, energy,
gravitational potential, coefficient of friction, charge.

POLAR & AXIAL VECTOR

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A situation may be described by using different sets of coordinate axis having different orientations. Which of the following do
not depend on the orientation of the axis ?

1. component of a vector
2. vector
3. the magnitude of a vector.

TYPES OF VECTOR
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Zero Co - initial

Collinear Co - planner

Parallel Anti - parallel

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Equal Opposite

POSITION VECTOR
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^ y ^j+ z k^
r =x i+
Position vector
|r|=√❑
Magnitude
r
r^ =¿
Direction |r|

DISPLACEMENT VECTOR
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Initial position vector ^ ( y i ) ^j

r i= ( xi ) i+

Final position vector ^ ( y f ) ^j

r f =( x f ) i+

Displacement vector ^ ( Δ y ) ^j
Δ r=( Δ x ) i+

Magnitude |r|=√❑

Direction r
r^ =¿
|r|
In the cube of side ′ a ′ shown in the figure, the vector from the central point of the face ABOD to the central point of the face
BEFO will be [IIT MAIN 2022]
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SHIFTING OF VECTOR

A vector is not changed if

1. it is rotated through an arbitrary angle

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2. it is multiplied by an arbitrary scalar
3. it is slid parallel to itself.

ANGLE BETWEEN TWO VECTORS

Statement I: If three forces F 1, F 2 and F 3 are represented by three sides of a triangle and F 1+ F 2=−F 3 then these forces are
concurrent forces and satisfy the condition for equilibrium.
Statement II : A triangle made up of three forces F 1, F 2 and F 3 as its sides taken in the same order, satisfy the condition for
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translatory equilibrium. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from options given below

a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.

b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true

SUMMATION AND SUBTRACTION OF VECTOR : GRAPHICAL METHOD

SUM : TRIANGLE SUM : PARALLELOGRAM

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SUBTRACTION : TRIANGLE SUBTRACTION : PARALLELOGRAM

Match the list I and list II

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Given A+ B+C + D=0 , which of the following statements are correct :

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A , B ,C∧D must be null vector | A+ C|=|B+ D| | A| not greater |B+C + D|

B+C must lie in the plane of A and D if A and D are not B+C must lie in the plane of A and D if A and D are collinear,
collinear.

The vector sum of two vectors of magnitudes 10 units and 15 units can never be

1. 28 units
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2. 22 units
3. 18 units
4. 8 units

Which of the sets given below may represent the magnitudes of three vectors adding to zero ?

1. 2, 4, 8
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2. 4, 8, 16
3. 1, 2, 1
4. 0.5, 1, 2

SUMMATION AND SUBTRACTION OF VECTOR : ANALYTICAL METHOD

Summation Subtraction
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If the magnitude of two vectors and their magnitude of summation are same. If the magnitude of two vectors and their magnitude of
What is the angle between two vectors?
subtraction are same. What is the angle between two vectors?
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The resultant of A and B makes an angle α with A and β with B

1. α < β
2. α < β if A < B
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3. α < β if A > B
4. α < β if A = B

Two forces P and Q, of magnitude 2 F and 3 F respectively are at an angle θ with each other. If the force Q is doubled, then
their resultant also gets doubled. Then the angle θ is [IIT MAIN 2022]
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Two vectors A and B have equal magnitudes. If magnitude of A+ B is equal to n times the magnitude of A−B , then the angle
between A and B is [IIT MAIN 2023]
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The sum of two forces P and Q is R such that | P| = | P|. If the angle between them is θ then find out the angle made by resultant
of 2 P and Q with Q . [IIT MAIN 2021]
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Which of the following relations is true for two unit vector A and B making and angle θ to each other? [IIT MAIN 2023]
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Angle between A and A-B is [IIT MAIN 2021]

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RESOLUTION OF VECTOR

The magnitude of vectors OA, OB & OC are equal. Direction of OA +OB−OC with x-axis will be [IIT MAIN 2020]
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The resultant of these forces OP, OQ, OR, OS and OT is [IIT MAIN 2022]
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A vector in X-Y plane makes an angle of 300 with Y −axis

. The magnitude of y-component of vector is 23 .The magnitude of x-compon
[IIT MAIN 2022]
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