TB

THE SILENT KILLER

NAME :- SAURAV
TH
CLASS :- 11 A
STUDENT ID :-
20180267787
SCHOOL :- GBSSS A-BLOCK
JANAKPURI
TOPICS:
• Introduction • Types of Tuberculosis
• What is Tuberculosis? • Treating Tuberculosis
• Causes of Tuberculosis • Preventing Tuberculosis
• How does Tuberculosis • Tuberculosis in children
spread • Global impact of
• Symptoms of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
 Introduction
Tuberculosis, also known as TB, is a serious
disease that affects millions of people around
the world. It is caused by a bacteria that can
spread from person to person through the air
when someone with TB coughs or sneezes.
TB primarily affects the lungs, but it can also
affect other parts of the body such as the
kidneys and brain.

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and

prevention methods of TB is crucial for
controlling the spread of the disease. TB can
be fatal if left untreated, and drug-resistant
strains of the bacteria are becoming more
common. By learning about TB and taking
steps to prevent its spread, we can help
protect ourselves and our communities from
this dangerous disease.
 What is Tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a
bacterial infection that primarily affects the
lungs. It can also affect other parts of the body
such as the brain, spine, and kidneys. TB is
spread through the air when an infected
person coughs or sneezes. When someone
breathes in the bacteria, they can become
infected.

Once inside the body, the bacteria can multiply

and cause damage to the organs it infects.
Symptoms of TB include coughing, fever, night
sweats, and weight loss. It's important to get
tested for TB if you have been exposed to
someone with the disease or if you have
symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment can
prevent the spread of TB and improve
outcomes for those who are infected.
 Causes of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium
spreads from person to person through the air
when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
When someone breathes in these bacteria,
they can settle in the lungs and begin to
multiply, causing the disease to develop.

While anyone can get Tuberculosis, certain

factors can increase the risk of infection.
These include weakened immune systems,
such as those with HIV or diabetes, living or
working in crowded conditions, and being in
close contact with someone who has the
disease. It's important to understand these
risk factors in order to take steps to prevent
the spread of Tuberculosis.
How does Tuberculosis spread?
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease caused by the bacterium
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect
other parts of the body such as the kidneys, spine, and brain.

TB is spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or
talks. This releases droplets containing the bacteria into the air, which can be
inhaled by others. The disease is more likely to be transmitted in enclosed
spaces with poor ventilation, such as crowded living quarters or hospitals.

Certain populations are more vulnerable to TB, including those with

weakened immune systems such as people living with HIV/AIDS,
malnourished individuals, and the elderly. Additionally, individuals who live
in poverty, overcrowded conditions, or have limited access to healthcare are
at a higher risk of contracting TB.
 Symptoms of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a serious disease that can
have devastating effects on individuals and
communities. The most common symptoms
of Tuberculosis include coughing, fever, and
weight loss. But these symptoms are just the
tip of the iceberg.

Tuberculosis can also cause night sweats,

fatigue, and chest pain. In some cases, the
disease can even spread to other parts of the
body, such as the kidneys or spine. And for
those with weakened immune systems, like
children and HIV-positive individuals,
Tuberculosis can be especially dangerous.
 Types of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis can be classified into two main types: latent TB infection and
active TB disease. Latent TB infection means that the bacteria are present in
the body but are not causing any symptoms. Active TB disease, on the other
hand, means that the bacteria are causing symptoms and can be spread to
others.

Drug-resistant TB is a type of TB that is resistant to one or more of the

standard TB drugs. This type of TB is much harder to treat and requires
more expensive and prolonged treatment regimens. Drug-resistant TB is a
serious public health threat, especially in countries with high rates of TB and
limited resources for treatment.
 Treating Tuberculosis
The main treatments for Tuberculosis are
antibiotics and a combination of drugs.
Treatment can last anywhere from six months
to two years, depending on the severity of
the disease and the patient's response to
treatment. It's important to complete the full
treatment course, even if symptoms improve,
to prevent the development of drug-resistant
strains of the disease.

Antibiotics work by killing the bacteria

responsible for Tuberculosis. The most
commonly used antibiotics for Tuberculosis
are isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and
pyrazinamide. These drugs are usually taken
in combination to prevent the development
of drug-resistant strains. In some cases,
surgery may be necessary to remove infected
tissue.
 Preventing Tuberculosis
Prevention is key in the fight against
Tuberculosis. Vaccination is one of the most
effective ways to prevent the disease, and it is
recommended for people who are at high risk
of contracting Tuberculosis. Good hygiene
practices, such as covering your mouth when
you cough or sneeze, can also help prevent the
spread of the disease.

In some parts of the world, vaccination

programs have been successful in reducing the
incidence of Tuberculosis. For example, in the
United States, the BCG vaccine is given to
infants and children who are at high risk of
contracting the disease. In addition, public
health campaigns have emphasized the
importance of good hygiene practices, such as
handwashing and covering your mouth when
you cough or sneeze.
 Tuberculosis in children
Tuberculosis is a disease that can affect anyone,
including children. In fact, children are more
vulnerable to the disease than adults because
their immune systems are not fully developed.
Children who live in areas with high rates of
Tuberculosis are at risk of contracting the disease,
especially if they have close contact with
someone who is infected.

The symptoms of Tuberculosis in children are

similar to those in adults, but they may be less
severe. Children with Tuberculosis may
experience a persistent cough, fever, and weight
loss. They may also have difficulty breathing and
feel tired all the time. It is important to diagnose
and treat Tuberculosis in children as soon as
possible to prevent serious complications.
 Global Impact of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a global health problem that affects
millions of people every year. In 2019, there were an
estimated 10 million cases of Tuberculosis worldwide, with
1.4 million deaths attributed to the disease. This makes
Tuberculosis one of the top 10 causes of death globally.

The impact of Tuberculosis is particularly severe in low-

and middle-income countries, where access to healthcare
and resources for prevention and treatment are limited. In
these countries, Tuberculosis often goes undiagnosed and
untreated, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality.
Additionally, Tuberculosis has a significant economic impact,
as it can lead to lost productivity and increased healthcare
costs.
 Conclusion
In conclusion, Tuberculosis is a serious global health issue that
requires urgent attention. We have learned about the causes,
symptoms, and prevention methods of Tuberculosis, as well as
the challenges in controlling the disease. It is clear that
Tuberculosis has a significant impact on individuals,
communities, and healthcare systems around the world.

To address this problem, we must prioritize Tuberculosis control

efforts, including increased funding for research and
development of new treatments and vaccines. We must also
work to improve access to diagnosis and treatment, particularly
in low-resource settings. And finally, we must raise awareness
about the importance of prevention, including vaccination and
good hygiene practices.