Informatics Practices Class XI ( As per CBSE Board) Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates NUMPY - ARRAY NumPy stands for Numerical Python.It is the core library for scientific computing in Python. It consist of multidimensional array objects, and tools for working with these arrays. Numpy Array is a grid of values with same type, and is indexed by a tuple of nonnegative integers. The number of dimensions of it ,is the rank of the array; the shape of an array depends upon a tuple of integers giving the size of the array along each dimension.
Note:- Befor numpy based programming ,it must be installed. It can be installed using >pip install numpy command at command prompt
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NUMPY - ARRAY
Advantage of using Numpy Array
• Contiguous allocation in memory
• Vectorized operations
• Boolean selection
• Sliceability
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NUMPY - ARRAY
Difference between Numpy array and list
NUMPY ARRAY LIST
Numpy Array works on Python list are made for
homogeneous types heterogeneous types
Python list support adding and numpy.Array does not support
removing of elements adding and removing of elements
Can’t contain elements of different can contain elements of different
types types
smaller memory consumption more memory consumption
better runtime Runtime not speedy
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NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY Any arrays can be single or multidimensional. The number of subscript/index determines dimensions of the array. An array of one dimension is known as a one-dimensional array or 1-D array
In above diagram num is an array ,it’s first element is at 0 index position ,next element is at 1 and so on till last element at n-1 index position.At 0 index position value is 2 and at 1 index position value is 5.
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NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY
Creation of 1D array One dimension array can be created using array method with list object with one dimensional elements.
e.g.program
import numpy as np a = np.array([500, 200, 300]) # Create a 1D Array print(type(a)) # Prints "<class 'numpy.ndarray'>" print(a.shape) # Prints "(3,)" means dimension of array print(a[0], a[1], a[2]) # Prints "500 200 300" a[0] = 150 # Change an element of the array print(a)
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NUMPY - ARRAY 1 D ARRAY Creation of 1D array Using functions import numpy as np p = np.empty(5) # Create an array of 5 elements with random values print(p)
a1 = np.zeros(5) # Create an array of all zeros float values
print(a1) # Prints "[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]"
a2 = np.zeros(5, dtype = np.int) # Create an array of all zeros int values
print(a2) # Prints "[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]"
b = np.ones(5) # Create an array of all ones
print(b) # Prints "[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]"
c = np.full(5, 7) # Create a constant array
print(c) # Prints "[7 7 7 7 7]"
e = np.random.random(5) # Create an array filled with random values
print(e)
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NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY Create 1D from string import numpy as np data =np.fromstring('1 2', dtype=int, sep=' ') print(data)
Note:- in fromstring dtype and sep argument can be changed.
Create 1D from buffer
numpy array from range
numpy.arange(start, stop, step, dtype) #program 1 import numpy as np x = np.arange(5) #for float value specify dtype = float as argument print(x) #print [0 1 2 3 4] #program 2 import numpy as np x = np.arange(10,20,2) print (x) #print [10 12 14 16 18] Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY Create 1D from array Copy function is used to create the copy of the existing array. e.g.program
import numpy as np x = np.array([1, 2, 3]) y=x z = np.copy(x) x[0] = 10 print(x) print(y) print(z)
Note that, when we modify x, y changes, but not z:
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NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY SLICES Slicing of numpy array elements is just similar to slicing of list elements. e.g.program
1 D ARRAY JOINING Joining of two or more one dimensional array is possible with the help of concatenate() function of numpy object.
e.g.program
import numpy as np a = np.array([1, 2, 3]) b = np.array([5, 6]) c=np.concatenate([a,b,a]) print(c) #print [1 2 3 5 6 1 2 3]
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NUMPY - ARRAY Print all subsets of a 1D Array If A {1, 3, 5}, then all the possible/proper subsets of A are { }, {1}, {3}, {5}, {1, 3}, {3, 5} e.g.program import pandas as pd import numpy as np def sub_lists(list1): # store all the sublists sublist = [[]] # first loop for i in range(len(list1) + 1): # second loop for j in range(i + 1, len(list1) + 1): # slice the subarray OUTPUT sub = list1[i:j] [[], array([1]), array([1, 2]), sublist.append(sub) array([1, 2, 3]), array([1, 2, 3, 4]), return sublist array([2]), array([2, 3]), array([2, 3, 4]), x = np.array([1, 2, 3,4]) array([3]), array([3, 4]), array([4])] # driver code print(sub_lists(x))
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NUMPY - ARRAY
Basic arithmetic operation on 1D Array Aggregate operation on 1D Array
e.g.program e.g.program
import numpy as np import numpy as np
x = np.array([1, 2, 3,4]) from scipy import stats y = np.array([1, 2, 3,4]) x = np.array([1, 2,3, 3,4]) z=x+y print(x.sum()) #print 13 print(z) #print [2 4 6 8] print(x.min()) #print 1 z=x-y print(z) #print [0 0 0 0] print(x.max()) #print 4 z=x*y print(x.mean())#print 2.6 print(z) #print [ 1 4 9 16] print(np.median(x))#print 3.0 z=x/y print(x.size)#count no of elements 5 print(z) #print [1. 1. 1. 1.] print(stats.mode(x)) z=x+1 #ModeResult(mode=array([3]), print(z) #print [2 3 4 5] count=array([2])) print(np.std(x))#1.019803902718557 print(np.var(x))#1.0400000000000003 Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates NUMPY - ARRAY 2 D ARRAY
An array of one dimension/index/subscript is known as a one-dimensional array or 1-D
array
In above diagram num is an array of two dimension with 3 rows and 4
columns.subscript of rows is 0 to 2 and columns is 0 to 3.
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NUMPY - ARRAY
2 D ARRAY
Creation of 2D array Two dimension array can be created using array method with list object with two dimensional elements.
e.g.program
import numpy as np a = np.array([[3, 2, 1],[1, 2, 3]]) # Create a 2D Array print(type(a)) # Prints "<class 'numpy.ndarray'>" print(a.shape) # Prints (2, 3) print(a[0][1]) # Prints 2 a[0][1] = 150 # Change an element of the array print(a) # prints [[ 3 150 1] [ 1 2 3]]
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NUMPY - ARRAY 2 D ARRAY Creation of 2D array Using functions import numpy as np p = np.empty([2,2]) # Create an array of 4 elements with random values print(p)
a1 = np.zeros([2,2]) # Create 2d array of all zeros float values
print(a1) # Prints [[0. 0.][0. 0.]]
a2 = np.zeros([2,2], dtype = np.int) # Create an array of all zeros int values
print(a2) # Prints [[0 0] [0 0]]
b = np.ones([2,2]) # Create an array of all ones
print(b) # Prints [[1. 1.] [1. 1.]]
c = np.full([2,2], 7) # Create a constant array
print(c) # Prints [[7 7] [7 7]]
e = np.random.random([2,2]) # Create 2d array filled with random values
print(e)
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NUMPY - ARRAY
2D ARRAY Creation of 2D array from 1D array We can create 2D array from 1d array using reshape() function.
e.g. program
import numpy as np A = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6]) B = np.reshape(A, (2, 3)) print(B)
OUTPUT [[1 2 3] [4 5 6]]
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2 D ARRAY SLICES Slicing of numpy 2d array elements is just similar to slicing of list elements with 2 dimension. e.g.program
import numpy as np A = np.array([[7, 5, 9, 4], [ 7, 6, 8, 8], [ 1, 6, 7, 7]]) print(A[:2, :3]) #print elements of 0,1 rows and 0,1,2 columns print(A[:3, ::2]) #print elements of 0,1,2 rows and alternate column position print(A[::-1, ::-1]) #print elements in reverse order print(A[:, 0]) #print all elements of 0 column print(A[0, :]) #print all elements of 0 rows print(A[0]) #print all elements of 0 row
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NUMPY - ARRAY 2 D ARRAY JOINING e.g.program
import numpy as np A = np.array([[7, 5], [1, 6]]) OUTPUT # concatenate along the first axis [[7 5] print(np.concatenate([A, A])) [1 6] # concatenate along the second axis [7 5] (zero-indexed) [1 6]]
[[7 5 7 5] print(np.concatenate([A, A], axis=1)) [1 6 1 6]] x = np.array([1, 2]) # vertically stack the arrays [[1 2] print(np.vstack([x, A])) [7 5] # horizontally stack the arrays [1 6]] y = np.array([[99], [99]]) [[ 7 5 99] print(np.hstack([A, y])) [ 1 6 99]] Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates NUMPY - ARRAY 2 D ARRAY – ARITHMATIC OPERATION Arithmetic operation over 2d array is possible with add,substract,multiply,divide () functions. E.G.PROGRAM import numpy as np a = np.array([[7, 5, 9], OUTPUT [ 2, 6, 8]]) [[7 5 9] print(a) [2 6 8]] b = np.array([10,10,10]) c=np.add(a,b) # c=a+b, similar [[17 15 19] print(c) [12 16 18]] c=np.subtract(a,b) # c=a-b, similar print(c) [[-3 -5 -1] c=np.multiply(a,b) # c=a*b, similar [-8 -4 -2]] print(c) [[70 50 90] c=np.divide(a,b) # c=a/b, similar [20 60 80]] print(c) [[0.7 0.5 0.9] Note:- [0.2 0.6 0.8]] 1. if both 2d arrays are with same dimension[matrix form] then one to one arithmetic operation will be performed. 2. No of elements of a dimension must match otherwise error message thrown Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates NUMPY - ARRAY 2 D ARRAY – ARITHMATIC OPERATION Arithmetic operation over 2d array can be done with single value also. E.G.PROGRAM
NUMPY - ARRAY 2 D ARRAY – Mathematical Functions Maths functions like power,abs,ceil,floor,around and trigonometric functions like sin,cos,tan,asin etc are supported by numpy
E.G.PROGRAM import numpy as np a = np.array([[7.333, 5.223], [ 2.572, 6.119]]) OUTPUT print(np.power(a,2)) [[53.772889 27.279729] [ 6.615184 37.442161]]
