MECHANIZATION OF ESTATE OPERATION

AGR318

WORKSHOP REPORTS

WORKSHOP 3: AIR COOLING AND WATER-COOLING SYSTEM

GROUP MEMBERS:

NAME STUDENT ID GROUP

MOHD AZRUL AMRY BIN ABD KANAN 2020240306 A4

MUHAMAD SHAHREZA BIN SALIM 2020836124 A4
PEDRO DENIO LADZIRI 2020835712 A4
XAVIER WELHELM BIN SULUNG 2020400716 A1
MUHAMMAD FAUZAN BIN HANAFIAH 2020890016 A2

LECTURER’S NAME: TS GS HAMJAH RUSLI

PROGRAM
DIPLOMA IN PLANTATION & AGROTECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF PLANTATION & AGROTECHNOLOGY
(SESSION OCT2022 – FEB2023)
1.0 INTRODUCTION

The temperature of the engine is kept under control by the cooling system whenever the
machine is in operation. When the machines are in operation, the temperature of the engine
must be at a constant average. The engines of tractors normally operate at a temperature of
approximately 90 degrees Celsius.

A direct cooling system makes use of air conditioning to chill the environment. Instantaneous
cooling will be provided by the air that circulates all around the engine. This configuration will
be used in engines that are on a smaller scale, such as those used in lawnmowers, water
pumps, and motorcycles.

Water is utilised in an indirect cooling system. The heat generated by the engine will be
absorbed by the water jacket that surrounds the cylinder region. Putting air through the radiator
will cause the hot water to become cooler. This cooling system is utilised by engines of a larger
capacity, such as those found in tractors, automobiles, and trucks.

2.0 OBJECTIVES

• To categorize the various cooling systems.

• To become knowledgeable about the cooling system.

• To differentiate between air cooling systems and water cooling systems.

3.0 SCOPE OF STUDY / LOCATION

I. Tests and workshops are done online using the apps Telegram and Tik Tok.

II. The lecturer got some videos about the air cooling and water cooling system from the TikTok
app and sent them to the students using the Telegram app.

4.0 DATE & TIME

Date: 6th December 2022

Time: 8 am - 10 am
5.0 APPARATUS

i. Air cooling system model

ii. Water cooling system model

6.0 WORKSHOP PROCEDURE

1) Discuss how the cooling system works.

A water pump forces coolant through the cylinder block. The solution can flow through these
channels and cool the engine at the same time. The radiator is where the vehicle's engine's
hot fluid goes to be cooled by outside air entering through the radiator grill.

2) Discuss the importance of a cooling system

The cooling system provides three primary functions. First, it removes excess heat from the
engine; second, it maintains the engine's optimal operating temperature; and third, it rapidly
boosts the engine's operational temperature.

3) Indicate each cooling system component's purpose

Water pump

- The water pump is responsible for circulating the engine's coolant from the radiator.

Thermostat

- The primary function of a thermostat in an automobile is to maintain the desired level

of operating temperature for the vehicle's engine.

Radiator fan

- The radiator fan on a car forces cool air through the radiator (or fans). The cooling
fans, which are located between the radiator and the engine, help move air through
the grille when the car is stopped or moving too slowly to do so.

Radiator

- Its main job is to spread a mixture of antifreeze and water over all of its fins.
Coolant temperature sensor

- Check the temperature of the coolant/antifreeze mix in the cooling system to find out
how much heat the engine makes.

Coolant

- Keep the engine running at the right temperature to avoid problems caused by
overheating.

Hoses

- The radiator hose is an important part of your cooling system because it controls the
flow of coolant from your water pump to your heater.

4) Discuss the principle of the cooling system

Continuous pumping of coolant through engine block channels powers the cooling system.
Using a water pump, coolant is forced through the cylinder block. As the fluid passes through
these tubes, it absorbs heat from the engine. This heated fluid leaves the engine and enters
the radiator, which is cooled by air passing through the vehicle's radiator grill. After passing
through the radiator and cooling, the fluid will return to the engine, where it will absorb further
engine heat and carry it away.

7.0 OBSERVATION AND RESULTS

1. A water-cooled cooling system

A water-cooled engine's cylinder head and block are connected by coolant channels. At the
top of the cylinder head, all the channels come together to make a single exit. At normal
operating temperatures, an engine's coolant is just below the point where water boils.

In a water-cooled engine, coolant channels run between the cylinder head and the block,
ultimately merging into a single outlet at the top of the head. The coolant in a typical engine
operates at a temperature just below the boiling point of water.
2. How the fan help

- When an engine is running at normal temperatures, the coolant is just below the point where
water boils. A thermostat, which is often placed above the pump, shuts off the radiator and
lets the engine heat up quickly. The thermostat has a valve that is controlled by a wax-filled
chamber. As the engine warms up, the wax melts, swells, and pulls the valve open. This lets
coolant flow through the radiator.

The valve shuts when the engine cools down and stops. When water freezes, it gets bigger,
which could cause an engine block or radiator to blow up. Most antifreeze has ethylene glycol
in it, which lowers the freezing point of water to a level that is safe. Antifreeze shouldn't be
drained every summer; it can usually stay in for two to three years.

8.0 DISCUSSION

Briefly explain the difference between an air-cooling system and a water-cooling system.

• Most of the time, water-cooled chillers are quieter than air-cooled ones. With a water-
cooled system, most of the noise comes from the water moving through the system.
Simple air-cooled chillers look like car "radiators." It moves air over the refrigerant
pipes with the help of an electric fan. Because of this, schools, universities, hospitals,
and other places with similar needs prefer water-cooled systems.

1. What is the function of the radiator?

- An engine's radiator is crucial in cooling it down when it becomes too hot.

2. State two component of the cooling system that moves by the fan belt.

- Thermostat
- Radiator
3. Explain how the fan belt gets the energy to rotate?

- When the coolant going through the thermostat is hotter than normal, at 180 degrees
Fahrenheit, the wax melts and provides the energy to turn the fan belt. The wax
expands as it heats, pushing against the rod and opening a channel through which the
coolant can escape. A thermostatic switch activates the fan when the coolant
temperature rises above the set point.

4. Give two effects that will happen if the fan belt fails to rotate?

- Overheating
- System shut down

5. What will happen if the cooling fins clog up?

In an air-cooled engine, having the cooling fins blocked with debris is a major cause of failure.
Putting it simply, air is used as the cooling medium in engines that are air-cooled. If the cooling
fins are blocked in any manner, overheating will occur, resulting in the valve guides coming
loose, the valve seats coming out of the head, and the head gaskets blowing.

6. State two effects if an engine becomes too hot and overcool.

The first effect is that too much cooling makes the car use more gas. This is because the
engine will not be hot enough to burn the gasoline properly. Second, carbon is another part of
fuel. When gasoline is burned inefficiently, carbon deposits form inside the engine, which
makes the engine last less long.

9.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we were able to determine that there are two distinct types of cooling systems,
which are the air-cooling system and the water-cooling system. We are able to determine and
differentiate how each cooling system operates as well as the distinctions between them.