ARTICLE KF-3

FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS

WITH PROTECTIVE LININGS

KF-300 SCOPE KF-303 400 Series Alloy Filler Metals

This Article applies to materials with protective 400 Series alloy filler metals are not permitted when
linings that are applied by integral cladding or weld the filler metal is welded to the base metal.
overlaying. Prestressed liners which are considered part
of the shell for strength purposes are not covered by
this Article (see Article KF-8).
KF-310 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING
PROCEDURES
The specification of the welding procedure that is
KF-301 Types of Joints Permitted proposed to be followed in clad, weld overlaid or lined
construction shall be recorded in detail.
The types of joints and welding procedures used
shall be such as to minimize the formation of brittle
weld composition by the mixture of metals of corrosion-
KF-311 Procedure to Be Qualified Per Section
resistant alloy and base material.1
IX
All weld procedures associated with protective liners
shall be qualified in accordance with the provisions of
KF-302 Weld Metal Composition Section IX, QW-217.
Welds that are exposed to the corrosive action of
the contents of the vessel should have resistance to KF-312 Qualification of Procedure for
corrosion that is not substantially less than that of Attaching Linings
the corrosion-resistant integral or weld metal overlay
cladding or lining. The use of filler metal that will (a) Each welding procedure to be used for attaching
deposit weld metal with practically the same composi- lining material to the base material shall be qualified
tion as the material joined is recommended. Weld metal on lining attachment welds made in the form and
of different composition may be used provided it has arrangement to be used in construction and with materi-
better mechanical properties in the opinion of the als that are within the ranges of chemical composition
Manufacturer, and the User is satisfied that its resistance of the materials to be used, respectively, for the base
to corrosion is satisfactory for the intended service. The material, the linings, and the weld metal.
columbium content of columbium-stabilized austenitic (b) Welds shall be made in each of the positions
stainless steel weld metal shall not exceed 1.00% except defined in Section IX, QW-120 that are to be used in
when a higher content is permitted in the material construction. One specimen from each position to be
being welded. qualified shall be sectioned, polished, and etched to
show clearly the demarcation between the fusion zone
and the base metal.
1
Because of the different coefficients of thermal expansion of dissimi- (c) For the procedure to qualify, the specimen shall
lar metals, caution should be exercised in design and construction show, under visual examination without magnification,
under provisions of these paragraphs in order to avoid difficulties
in service under extreme temperature conditions or with unusual complete fusion and complete freedom from cracks in
restraint of parts such as may occur at points of stress concentration. the fusion zone and in the heat-affected metal.

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 KF-313 PART KF — FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS KF-341

KF-313 Requirements for Composite Welds heat treated when the base material is required to be
postweld heat treated. In applying these rules, the
KF-313.1 Procedure Qualification for Groove
determining thickness shall be the total thickness of
Welds in Base Material With Corrosion-Resistant
base material. When the thickness of the base material
Integral Cladding or Weld Metal Overlay. The re-
requires postweld heat treatment, it shall be performed
quirements in Section IX, QW-217 for procedure quali-
after the application of weld metal overlay or clad
fication shall be followed. The procedure for groove
restoration.
welds may be qualified as in KF-311, or the weld in
the base joint or cladding joint may be qualified individ-
ually in accordance with the rules in Section IX.
KF-332 Requirements When Base Metal or
KF-313.2 Performance Qualification for Compos- Lining Is Chromium-Alloy Steel
ite Welds. The requirements in Section IX, QW-310 and
KF-313.1 or KF-313.3 shall be followed for performance Vessels or parts of vessels constructed of chromium-
qualification. alloy stainless steel cladded base material and those
lined with chromium-alloy stainless steel applied linings
KF-313.3 Test Plates for Composite Welds. Perform- shall be postweld heat treated in all thicknesses, except
ance qualification tests shall be made in accordance with that vessels clad or lined with Type 405 or Type 410S
Section IX by preparing test material from integral clad or and welded with an austenitic electrode or non-air-
weld overlay material having the same P-Numbers in QW/ hardening nickel–chromium–iron electrode need not be
QB-422 as that of the base material. Integral or weld metal postweld heat treated unless required by KF-331.
overlay cladding materials to be used in the test shall have
the same F-Number in QW-432 as the filler metal that will
be used in construction. When the integral clad or weld KF-333 Heat Treatment That May Affect
metal overlay material is not listed in QW/QB-422, quali- Vessel Stress Redistribution
fication shall be made on the same grade as used in the
vessel. Heat treatment is not required but is permitted if The Manufacturer shall ensure and document, in
the welder’s work on construction is to be heat treated. The accordance with KG-323(d), that any heat treatment
following conditions shall also be met. A section cut from given to a vessel or vessel part does not adversely
the test material perpendicular to the welding direction and affect the stress distribution required by Articles KD-
properly prepared and etched shall show no lack of fusion 5, 8, 9, and 10. In addition, for layered or autofrettaged
longer than 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm). The total length of unfused vessels, the Manufacturer shall meet the requirements
cladding shall not exceed 10% of the length of the test ma- for heat treatment given in KF-830 or KF-540(b), as
terial perpendicular to the direction of welding. applicable.

KF-320 INTEGRALLY CLAD MATERIALS

KF-340 EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS
A shear test shall demonstrate a minimum shear
strength of 20,000 psi (138 MPa) for integral clad KF-341 Examination of Base Materials
materials. Protected by Welded Overlay
The examination required by the rules in Article
KE-3 shall be made after the joint, including the
KF-330 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
corrosion-resistant layer, is complete. The examination
OF LININGS
may be made on the weld in the base material before
KF-331 When Base Metal Must Be Postweld the alloy cover weld is deposited, provided the following
Heat Treated2 requirements are met:
(a) the thickness of the base material at the welded
Vessels or parts of vessels constructed of an integrally
joint is not less than that required by the design
clad material or weld metal overlay shall be postweld
calculation;
2
Postweld heat treatment temperatures may be in the carbide precipita- (b) the corrosion-resistant alloy weld deposit is non-
tion range for unstabilized austenitic chromium–nickel steel, as well air-hardening;
as within the range where a sigma phase may form. Improper (c) the completed alloy weld deposit is examined
treatment could result in material of inferior physical properties and
inferior corrosion resistance and could result in the ultimate failure by any method that will detect cracks in accordance
of the vessel. with KE-233.

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 KF-342 2001 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 3 KF-360

KF-342 Examination of Chromium-Alloy KF-350 INSPECTION AND TESTS

Cladding Overlay
KF-351 General Requirements
The joints between chromium-alloy cladding overlay
The rules in the following paragraphs shall be used
or loose liner sheets shall be examined for cracks as in conjunction with the general requirements for inspec-
follows. tion in Part KE, and for testing in Part KE that pertain
to the method of fabrication used.

KF-342.1 Straight Chromium-Alloy Filler Metal KF-352 Leak Test of Protective Lining
(a) Joints welded with straight chromium-alloy filler
A test for pressure tightness of the protective lining
metal shall be examined throughout their full length.
that will be appropriate for the intended service is
Chromium-alloy welds in continuous contact with the
recommended, but the details of the test shall be
welds in the base metal shall be examined in accordance
a matter for agreement between the User and the
with Article KE-3. Manufacturer. The test should not damage the load-
(b) Liner welds that are attached to the base metal, carrying baseplate. When rapid corrosion of the base
but merely cross the seams in the base metal, shall be material is to be expected from contact with the contents
examined in accordance with KE-334. of the vessel, particular care should be taken in devising
and executing the leak test.

KF-342.2 Austenitic Chromium–Nickel Steel Filler KF-360 STAMPING AND REPORTS

Metal. Joints welded with austenitic chromium–nickel The provisions for stamping and reports in Part KS
steel filler metal or non-air-hardening nickel–chro- shall apply to vessels that are constructed of integral
mium–iron filler metal shall be dye penetrant examined clad, weld metal overlay, or protective liners and shall
over their entire length per KE-334 and spot UT include the specification and type of lining material.
examined over 10% of their length in accordance with This information shall be included in the Manufacturer’s
Article KE-3. Data Reports.

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