Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
24 views

ADC Interface

Uploaded by

myselfayush031011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views

ADC Interface

Uploaded by

myselfayush031011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Analog to –Digital Converter(ADC) Interface

 In many applications, an analog device has to be interfaced to the


digital system. But the digital devices cannot accept the analog
signals directly and so the analog signals are converted to
equivalent digital signals (data) using Analog-to-Digital Converter
(ADC).

 The Analog to Digital (A/D) conversion is the reverse process of


Digital to Analog (D/A) conversion. The A/D conversion is also
called quantization, in which the analog signal is represented by an
equivalent binary data.
 The analog signals vary continuously and defined for any interval
of time. The digital signals (or data) can take only finite values and
defined only for discrete instant of time.
 If the digital data is represented by an n-bit binary then it can have
2n different values. In A/D conversion the given analog signal has
to be divided into steps of 2n values, and each step is represented
by one of the 2n values.
 The analog to digital converters can be classified into two groups
based on the technique involved for conversion. The first group
includes successive approximation, counter and flash type
converters.
 The successive approximation and the flash type are faster but
generally less accurate than the integrator and the voltage-to-
frequency type converters. Also, the flash type is costlier. The
successive approximation type converters are used for high speed
conversion and the integrating type converters are used for high
accuracy.

Resolution:
The resolution of the converter is the minimum analog value that can be
represented by the digital data. If the ADC gives n-bit digital output and
1
the full scale analog input is X volts, then the resolution is 𝑛 × 𝑋.
2
Conversion Time:
In ADC, another critical parameter is conversion time. The conversion
time is defined as the total time required to convert an analog signal into
its digital equivalent. It depends on the conversion technique and the
propagation delay in various circuits.

Successive Approximation ADC


A successive approximation ADC consists of D/A converter, successive
approximation register and comparator. Figure (a) shows the functional
blocks of a typical successive approximation A/D converter

Fig.(a) : Successive approximation A/D converter.

 The conversion process is initiated by a Start of Conversion (SOC)


signal from the processor to the ADC. On receiving the SOC, the
control unit of the ADC will give a start command to the
successive approximation register and it starts generating digital
signal by the successive approximation method.
 The generated digital data is converted to analog signal by the D/A
converter and then compared with given the analog signal. When
the analog signals are equal the comparator output informs the
control unit to stop generation of digital signal. The digital data
available at this instant is given as output through output register.
Also the control unit generates a signal to indicate the End of
Conversion (EOC) process to the processor.

Successive Approximation Method of Conversion


 In this method, the MSD (Most Significant Digit) is first set to "1"
and all other digits are reset to "0". The analog signal generated for
this digital data is compared with the given analog signal. (Initially
the comparator output will be high.
 After comparison the output of the comparator remains in high
state if the given analog signal is higher than the generated analog
signal. Otherwise, if the given signal is less than the generated
signal, then the output of the comparator changes from high to low
state.)
 If the output state of the comparator changes then the MSD is reset
to "0" otherwise it is retained as "1". Then the above process is
repeated by setting the next higher order bit to "1". The process is
continued for each bit starting from MSD to LSD. (During a
process, the higher order bits are the bits determined in earlier
steps and the lower order bits are reset to "0".) After one complete
cycle through MSD to LSD, the data available on the successive
approximation register will be the digital equivalent of the given
analog signal.

ADC0809
 The ADC0809 is an 8-bit successive approximation type ADC
with inbuilt 8-channel multiplexer.
 The ADC0809 is suitable for interface with 8086 microprocessor.
The ADC0809 is available as a 28-pin IC in DIP (Dual In-line
Package).
 The ADC0809 has a total unadjusted error of ±1 LSD (Least
Significant Digit).
 The ADC0808 is also same as ADC0809 except the error. The
total unadjusted error in ADC0808 is ± 1/2 LSD. The pin
configuration of ADC0809/ADC0808 is shown in Fig. (a).

Fig.(a) : Pin configuration of ADC0809/ADC0808.

TABLE : SIGNAL DESCRIPTION OF ADC0809/ADC0808


Functional block diagram of ADC0809/ADC0808.

Fig. : Functional block diagram of ADC0809/ADC0808.


The 8-channel multiplexer can accept eight analog inputs in the range of 0 to 5V
and allow one by one for conversion depending on the 3-bit address input. The
channel selection logic is shown in Table given below

 The Successive Approximation Register (SAR) performs eight iterations to


determine the digital code for input value. The SAR is reset on the positive
edge of the START pulse and start the conversion process on the falling
edge of START pulse.
 A conversion process will be interrupted on receipt of a new START pulse.
The End of Conversion (EOC) will go low between 0 and 8 clock pulses
after the positive edge of the START pulse.
 The ADC can be used in continuous conversion mode by tying the EOC
output to the START input. In this mode an external START pulse should be
applied whenever power is switched ON.

 The comparator in the ADC0809/ ADC0808 is a chopper-stabilized


comparator. It converts the DC input signal into an AC signal and amplifies
the AC signal using a high gain AC amplifier.

 Then it converts AC signal to DC signal. This technique limits the drift


component of the amplifier, because the drift is a DC component and it is
not amplified/passed by the AC amplifier. This makes the ADC extremely
insensitive to temperature, long term drift and input offset errors.

In ADC conversion process the input analog value is quantized and each quantized
analog value will have a unique binary equivalent. The quantization step in
ADC0809/ADC0808 is given by

Example:

Example:

You might also like