c.

Human-Machine interface systems you need physically and digitally secure

d. Network Connectivity (field Buses, Protocols, etc) places to store it.
e. Database or historian (Cloud or on-premise) Generation of SCADA System
a. Field instrumentation- A field instrument can be a 1. First Generation: Monolithic or Early SCADA
sensor, flowmeter, or anything else that monitors the systems-
process. 2. Second Generation: Distributed SCADA system
b. Field Controllers (RTUs/PLCs) RTUs and PLCs 3. Third Generation: Networked SCADA systems
collect and complete data supplied by field 4. Fourth Generation: internet of things technology,
instrumentation, preparing it for display and analysis SCADA systems.
by the human-machine interface.
c. Human-Machine interface (HMI) HMI devices
Automation
are master units that allow human to supervise the
SCADA data acquistion process.
d. Network Connectivity (field buses, protocols,
etc)- The SCADA system relies on maintaining
integrated network connectivity throughout its
operation.
e. Database or historian- After analyzing and
processing the data gathered by your SCADA
• Automation Comparison-
Automation Consideration Advantages Disadvantages
Fixed/hard • High demand value • Maximum efficiency • Large intial investment
• Long product cycle • Low unit • Inflexibility
• Automated material
handling-fast and
efficient movement of
parts
Programmable • Batch production • Flexibility to deal with • New product requires
• Products with different options changes in product long setup time
• Low unit cost for Large • High unit cost relative to
batches Fixed automation
Flexible/Soft • Low production rates • Flexibility of deal with • Large initial investment
• Varying demand variations • High unit cost relative or
• Short product life cycle. • Customized products. programmable
automation
# Automation in production system-

Electrical Engineering Capsule 200 YCT

 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL AND
APPLICATION OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Use of Software in Electrical Engineering
Software Used
MATLAB (MATrix LABOratory) it helps to perform, design, analysis and optimization. This is
performing and numeric computing platform.
Simulink Simulate, analyze, renewable energy resources, transmission lines,
electrical transients, stand by switching of power supply.
PSPice (Personal Simulation Program Simulation and verification of analog and mixed-signal circuits.
with Integrated circuit Emphasis)
ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Power flow Analysis, Relay coordination protection design, control
program) system design optimal power flow.
Power world Simulator Simulate high voltage power system operation on a time frame ranging
from several days.
Multisim SPICE Simulation, analysis and PCB (Printed cricuit Board) tools to
help quickly interate through designs and improve prototype
performance.
PSCAD (Power System Computer Design, analyze, optimize and Verify power electronic control and
Aided Design) systems.
LAb VIEW (Laboratory virtual develop automated research, Validation, and product test systems. test,
Instruments Engineering workbench) measurement and control with rapid access to hardware and data
insights.
Keil Microvision • Debugging program
• Compiling and Assembling programs
• Creating Hex and Axf file
PSS/E (Power system simulator for Simulate electrical power transmission networks in steady-state
engineering) conditions as well as overtime Scale of a few seconds to tens seconds.
MATLAB
A schematic diagram of MATLAB-

Electrical Engineering Capsule 201 YCT

 • Vector functions-
Min smallest component
length length of a vector
Sort sort in ascending order
Sum sum of elements
Prod Product of element
Median median value
M ean mean value std standard deviation
M ax largest component :get the row in which the
maximum element dies.
• On-line help-
help lists topics on which help is available
helpwin opens the interactive help window with a
default list
doc Opens the web browser-based help facility
MATLAB WINDOWS- look for lists help topics containing string
i. MATLAB Desktop string
ii. Figure Window demo runs the demo program
iii. Editor Window • General information
Main MATLAB Commands- Computer tells you computer type you using
• Directory Information- Clock gives you wall clock time and date as a vector
Command Function date tells you the data as a string
Pwd shows the current working directory more Control the paged output according to
Cd Changes the current working directory the screen size
dir lists contents of current directory Ver gives the license and the MATLAB
ℓs lists contents of current directory version information
path get or sets MATLAB search path bench Benchmarks your computer on running
editpath modifies MATLAB search path MATLAB compared to other computers.
Copy file Copies a file • Workspace Information
mk dire Creates a directory Who lists variable currently in workspace
• Matrix Functions Whos list variable currently in the workspace
eye identity matrix with size
zer o s Matrix of zeros What list, M-, MAT,-and Mex-files on the disk
Ones Matrix of ones Clear Clears the workspace, all variables removed
Clear xyz Clears only variables x,y,z
diag extract diagonal of a matrix or matrices
Clear all Clears all variable and function from
create diagonal matrices
workspace
Triu Upper triangular part of a matrix ClC Clears Command window, cursor moves
rand randomly generated matrix to the top
size size of a matrix home Scrolls the command window to put the
d et determinant of a square matrix curser on top
inv inverse of a matrix Clf clears figure window.
rank rank of a matrix (3) Termination-
eig eigenvalues and eigen vectors Control+C Local abort, kills the current command
Poly Characteristic polynomial execution
Built in Function of MATLAB quit quits MATLAB
• Scalar Functions- exit Similar to quit
Sin trigonometric sine Control +B Similar to (Control + c)
Cos trigonometric cosine • MATLAB FILES
tan trigonometric tangent Mfiles M-files are standard ASCII text files,
with a m extension to the file name.
a sin trigonometric Inverse sine
Mat files Mat-files are binary data files with a met
a tan trigonometric inverse tangent extension to the file name
exp exponential Fig files Fig-files are binary figure files with a fig
log natural logarithm extension that can be opened in
ab s absolute value MATLAB as figures.
Sqrt squre root P-files P-files are compiled M-files with a.p
re m reminder extension.
round round towards nearest integer Mex-files Mex-files are MATLAB-Callable c,
floor round towards negative infinity Fortran, or Java Programs, with a. mex
ceil round towards positive infinity extension to the filename.

Electrical Engineering Capsule 202 YCT

 Remember point Editing Commands Shortcut
Four generation of programming language used by Command Shortcut Command Shortcut
MATLAB Software.
Erase E Extend Ex
Numerical, Algebraic, Dynamic system analysis
done by MATLAB Software. Copy C Trim Tr
Script window is called Editor window in older
MATLAB version. Mirror Mi Break Br
MATLAB has huge built-in library of functions Offset O Chamfer Cha
MATLAB provides tool to develop GUI based
applications. Array Ar Fillet F
MATLAB is platform independent. Rotate Ro Explode X
MATLAB fundamental data type is array
In MTLAB more than fifty such toolboxes available. Move M Layer LA
MATLAB was one of the first commercial package Scale Sc Unit UN
of linear algebra.
Stretch S Zoom Z
AutoCAD
MODIFYING TOOLS- Lengthem Len Regen Re
Command Function DRAWING COMMANDS
Offset The offset command in AutoCAD is used
to create parallel lines, concentric circles, Command Shortcut Command Shortcut
new line, Polyline and parallel curves. Line L Spline Spl
Mutliline ml Ellipse El
Polyline pl Text T
Array The array is the command used to
Polygon Pol Dimension Dim
draw multiple copies of an object in a
particular pattern or order. We can also Rectangle Rec Insert I
manage the distance between the
Dount do
objects in the array.
Function
Key Description
Combination
Fillet The fillet command can be used to add F1 Online Help
round corners to the sharp eddges of
the drawing. F3 Object Osnap ON/OFF
F6 Coords ON/OFF
F7 GRID ON/OFF
F8 Ortho ON/OFF
Explode The EXPLODE Command in
AutoCAD comes in handy when you F9 GRID Snap ON/OFF
wish to disassemble a component into F11 Object snap Tracking ON/OFF
its sub-components.
CTRL+A Select all
CTRL+C Copy CLIP
CTRL+G Turn GRID ON/OFF
Scale Alters or Scales the size of existing objects. CRTL+N Create a New drawing
CTRL+O OPEN an existing drawing
CTRL+P PLOT a drawing
Leader Draws a line or series of lines with an
arrow head called leader, to point to an CTRL+S Save a drawing
object notate it.
CTRL+X Cut to clipboard
CTRL+Z UNDO
CTRL+Y Redo
Electrical Engineering Capsule 203 YCT

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