UNIT 2 Internal Combustion Engines 2.

1
UNIT 2

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

2A

ENGINE COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS

Syllabus
Classification – Components and their functions. Simple and complete carburetor,
MPFI, Diesel pump and injector system. Battery and magneto ignition system-
Lubrication and cooling systems.

PART –A
1. What do you mean by valve overlapping period? (May 2011)
(Dec2014)
2. What do understand by ignition delay? (Dec2014)
3. What is the use of catalytic converter? (May 2013)
4. Define scavenging. (May 2013)
5. What are the characteristics of an efficient cooling system? (Nov 2012)
6. Why do we feel the necessity of cooling an IC engine? (May 2012)
7. Write the various methods used for reducing the diesel knock. (May 2012)
8. What is the purpose of a thermostat in an engine cooling system? (May 2012)
9. What are the limitations of battery ignition system?
(Dec 2011)
10. Mention any applications of 2S and 4S engines. (Dec 2011)
11. State the merits of a Diesel engine over a petrol engine. (May 2011)
12. List out the major pollutants from a petrol engine. (May 2011)
13. List out the major pollutants from a petrol engine. (May 2011)
14. How do you compare diesel and petrol engines on compression ratio based?
(May 2011)

15. State the functions of a carburetor in a petrol engine. (Dec 2010)

16. Draw the Valve timing diagram for a CI engine (Dec 2010)
Thermal Engineering 2. 2
17. What do you understand by cetane number? (May 2010)
18. What is the fuel economy of two stroke engines when comparing with four stroke
engines? Why? (Dec 2009)
19. Discuss the lubrication system used in a two stroke and four stroke SI engines.

(Dec 2009)
20. During peak power operation, why petrol engine requires rich mixture? (May
2009)
21. What do you mean by mist lubrication? (May 2009)
22. Define detonation. (Dec
2009)
23. Define brake power. (May 2008)
24. What is the function of the piston rings in I.C engines? (May 2008)
25. What are the basic requirements of a fuel injection system of a diesel engine?
(May 2006)(Dec2007)
26. What is the function of pushrod and rocker arm? (Dec 2007)
27. What is the function of camshaft and crankshaft? (May 2007)
28. List out the effects of detonation. (May 2007)
Part-B
29. Explain the working principle of diesel injector with a neat sketch.
(May 2013)(Dec2014)
30. Draw and explain the port timing diagram of two stroke cycle diesel engine.
(May 2013)
31. Explain with the help of sketches, ignition system for spark ignition engine.

(May 2012)

32. i) Sketch the typical valve timing diagram of a high speed 4 stroke petrol engine.
ii) Explain the function of a water cooling system with a neat sketch.
(May 2011)(May 2012)
33. Explain the working principle of four stroke petrol engine. (Dec 2011)(Dec 2010)

34. What are advantages of lubrication?

 UNIT 2 Internal Combustion Engines 2. 3
(Dec 2011)(Dec 2010)

35. Explain why cooling is necessary in an engine with a neat sketch. Describe the
working of water cooling system used for multi-cylinder engine. (Dec
2010)

36. Mention the various important qualities of good ignition system and with a neat
sketch explain the battery and magneto ignition system.
(Dec 2011) (Dec 2012)

37. Compare between petrol and diesel engine.

(Dec 2011)
38. Explain in detail the working of magneto ignition system. State its advantages
and disadvantages over battery coil system.
(May 2006) (May 2011)
39. Sketch the jerk type diesel fuel injection pump and discuss how it injects diesel
at different load conditions.

(May 2011)

40. Give a detailed comparison about two stroke and four stroke engines.
(May 2009) (May 2012)
41. Explain dry sump lubrication system with a neat sketch.

(May 2011)
42. Explain the Pressure feed lubrication system with a neat diagram.
(Dec 2010)
43. Describe the working of Diesel fuel pump. (Dec
2010)
44. Explain the working of battery coil ignition system. (Dec 2010)
45. Explain the splash lubrication system of I.C engines.
(May 2010)
46. Explain thermo syphon cooling system of IC engines.
(May 2010)
Thermal Engineering 2. 4

47. Explain the working principle of a simple carburetor and discuss its merits and
demerits. (Dec 2009)

48. Describe the working of a simple carburetor and derive the expression for the air –
fuel ratio.
(May 2008)

2B

PERFORMANCE OF IC ENGINES
Syllabus
Valve timing diagram and port timing diagram, Actual and theoretical P-v diagram of
four stroke and two stroke engines. Principles of combustion and knocking in SI and
CI engines. Performance calculations.

PART – A
49. The bore and stroke of a water cooled, vertical, single cylinder, four stroke
diesel engine are 80 mm and 110 mm respectively and the torque is 23.5 Nm.
Calculate the mean effective pressure of the engine. (Dec 2012)
50. Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of internal combustion and
external combustion engines. (May 2012)

51. List the relative merits and demerits of 2 stroke and 4 stroke engines.
(Dec 2010)
52. What is the indicated power of four cylinder engine if BP with 4- cylinder
working is 18.75 kW and BP with 3- cylinder working is 13.06 kW. (Dec 2010)
53. What are the causes of knock in C.I engines? (May 2006)
PART – B
54. The following observations are taken during a test on a single cylinder four
stroke cycle engine having a bore of 300 mm and stroke of 450 mm.
 UNIT 2 Internal Combustion Engines 2. 5
Ambient airtemperature=22 ℃
Fuel consumption=11kg /hr
CV of fuel=42000 kJ /kg
Engine speed=300 rpm
Mean effective pressure=6 ¯¿
Net brake load=1.0 kN
Brake drum diameter=2 m
Quantity of jacket cooling water=590 kg /hr
Temperature of entering cooling water=22℃
Temperature of leaving cooling water =70 ℃
Quatity ofair as measured=225 kg /hr
Specific heat of exhaust gas=1.005 kJ /kgK
Exhaust gas temperature=405 ℃
Rope diameter=2 cm
Determine indicated power, brake power, mechanical efficiency and draw a
heat balance sheet on hour basis.
(May 2013)
55. Compare SI and CI engines with respect to

(i) Basic cycle

(ii) Fuel used
(iii) Introduction of fuel
(iv) Ignition
(v) Compression ratio
(vi) Speed
(vii) Efficiency
(viii) Weight.
(Dec 2012)

56. In a constant speed CI engine operating on four-stroke cycle and fitted with
band brake, the following observations were taken:
Thermal Engineering 2. 6
Brake wheel diameter 60 cm
Band thickness 5 mm
Speed 450 rpm
Load on band 210 N
Spring balance reading 30 N
Area of indicator diagram 4.15 cm2
Length of indicator diagram 6.25 cm2
Spring No 11, ie 11 bar /cm
Bore 10 cm
Stroke 15 cm
Specific fuel consumption 0.3 kg / kW-hr
Heating value of fuel 41800 kJ/kg
Determine the brake power, indicated power, mechanical efficiency, the
indicated thermal efficiency and the brake thermal efficiency. (May 2012)

57. A petrol engine develops a torque of 10 Nm at a speed of 1500 rpm. The

indicated power of the engine is 1.85 kW. Find the friction power.
(May 2012)

58. During testing of a two stroke gas engine, the following readings were
recorded:
Diameter of piston = 150 mm
Length of stroke = 190 mm
Clearance volume = 0.91 litre
Engine speed = 250 rpm
Indicated mean effective pressure = 6.5 bar
Gas consumption = 6.3 m3/ hr
Calorific value of the gas = 16000 kJ/m3
Calculate the following:
(i) Air standard efficiency
(ii) Indicated power developed in kW
(iii) Indicated thermal efficiency
(May 2012)
59. Explain how knocking takes place in SI engines and discuss the various
methods of controlling it. (Dec 2010) (May2012)
 UNIT 2 Internal Combustion Engines 2. 7
60. A four cylinder petrol engine has a bore of 57 mm and a stroke of 90 mm. Its
rated speed is 2800 rpm and it is tested at this speed against a brake, which has
a torque arm of 0.36 m. The net brake load is 160 N and the fuel consumption
is 6.74 liters /hr. The specific gravity of petrol used is 0.735 and it has a lower
calorific value of 45 MJ/kg. A Morse test is carried out and the cylinders are
cut out in the order 1, 2, 3, 4 with corresponding brake loads 111, 106, 104 and
111 N respectively. Calculate for this speed:

(i) The engine torque

(ii) The brake mean effective pressure
(iii) The brake thermal efficiency
(iv) The specific fuel consumption
(v) The mechanical efficiency
(vi) The indicated mean effective pressure.
(May 2011)
61. With the aid of pressure crank angle diagram, explain the phenomenon of
normal combustion in a diesel engine.
(May 2011)
62. Following data relate to 4 cylinder four stroke petrol engine. Air –fuel ratio by
weight = 16:1, calorific value of the fuel is 45200 kJ/kg, mechanical efficiency
= 82 %, air standard efficiency = 52 %, relative efficiency = 70%, Volumetric
efficiency = 78%, stroke / bore ratio = 1.25, suction conditions = 1 bar and
25ºC, speed= 2400 rpm and power at brakes = 72 kW. Calculate the :
(i) Compression ratio
(ii) Indicated thermal efficiency
(iii) Brake specific fuel consumption
(iv) Bore and stroke (Dec 2010)
63. During the trial (60 minutes) on a single cylinder oil engine having cylinder
diameter 300 mm , stroke 450mm and working on the four stroke cycle , the
following observations were made :
Total fuel used : 9.6 litres
C.V.of the fuel : 45,000 kJ/kg
Total No. of revolutions : 12624
Gross IMEP : 7.24 bar
Pumping IMEP : 0.34 bar
Thermal Engineering 2. 8

Net load on the brake : 3150 N

Diameter of the brake wheel drum : 1.78 m
Diameter of the rope : 40 mm
Cooling water circulated : 545 litres
Cooling water temperature rise : 25ºC
Specific gravity of oil : 0.8
Determine the indicated power, brake power and mechanical efficiency.
(May 2010)
64. The following results were tabulated during a test conducted on four cylinder
four stroke petrol engine running at a particular setting and speed.
BP with all cylinder in working = 25 kW
BP with cylinder number 1 is cut out = 18.5 kW
BP with cylinder number 2 is cut out = 17.5 kW
BP with cylinder number 3 is cut out = 17.8 kW
BP with cylinder number 4 is cut out = 18.2 kW
Determine the indicated power and mechanical efficiency of the engine.
(May 2010)
65. Air consumption for a four stroke petrol engine is measured by means of a
circular orifice diameter 3.2 cm. The co-efficient of discharge for the orifice is
0.62 and the pressure across the orifice is 150 mm of water. The barometer
reads 760 mm of Hg. The temperature of air in the room is 20 0C. The piston
displacement volume is 0.00178 m3. The compression ratio is 6.5. The fuel
consumption is 0.135 kg/min and the calorific value is 43,900 kJ/kg. The brake
power developed at 2500 rpm is 28 kW. Determine.
i) The volumetric efficiency on the basis of air alone.
ii) The air fuel ratio.
iii) The brake mean effective pressure.
iv) The relative efficiency on the brake thermal efficiency basis.
(Dec 2009)
66. An eight-cylinder, 4 stroke engine of 0.09 m bore and 0.08 m stroke with a
compression ratio of 7 is tested at 4500 rpm on a dynamometer which has 0.54
m arm. During a 10 min test the dynamometer scale beam reading was 42 kgf
and the engine consumed 4.4 kg of gasoline having a calorific value of 44,000
 UNIT 2 Internal Combustion Engines 2. 9

kJ/kg. Air 300 K and 1 bar was supplied to the carburetor at the rate of 6
kg/min. Find the brake specific fuel consumption, brake specific air
consumption, brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency and the air fuel
ratio.
(May 2009)
67. The following data are available for a four stroke petrol engine :
Air fuel ratio (by weight) 15.5:1
Calorific value of the fuel 45,000 kJ/kg
Mechanical efficiency 80 %
Air standard efficiency 53 %
Relative efficiency based on indicated thermal efficiency 70 %
Volumetric efficiency 80 %
Stroke / bore ratio 1.25
Suction conditions 1 bar, 270C
Speed 2400 rpm
Power at brakes 75 kW
Calculate the
i) Compression ratio ii) indicated thermal efficiency iii) brake specific fuel
consumption iv) Bore and stroke. (May 2008)
68. The following data relate to 4 cylinders 4 stroke petrol engine. Air/fuel ratio by
weight 16:1, calorific value of the fuel = 45200 kJ/kg, mechanical efficiency =
82 %, air standard efficiency = 52%, relative efficiency = 70%, volumetric
efficiency = 78%, stroke/bore ratio = 1.25, suction condition = 1 bar and
0
25 C, speed = 2400 rpm, power at brakes = 72 kW. Calculate
the (i) compression ratio (ii) indicated thermal efficiency (iii) brake specific
fuel consumption (iv) bore and stroke. (May
2007)