Mind map : learning made simple Chapter - 1

x
x x

SETS

E.g:
In set-builder form:
In roaster form:

x
 Mind map : learning made simple Chapter - 1(a)
A Venn diagram is an illustration of the relationships between The set containing all objects of element and of The set of all subset of a given set
and among sets, groups of objects that share something common. which all other sets are subsets is known as A is called power set of A and
These diagrams consist of rectangle and closed curves usually universal sets and denoted by U. denoted by P(A).
In the given venn diagram
circles
Eg : U={1,2,3,.......10} universe
E.g : For the set of all intergers, the universal
set can be the set of rational numbers or the set
E.g : If A ={1,2,3,}, then P (A)={ ,
{1},{2}, {3},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}.
set of which A={2,4,6,8,10} R of real numbers Clearly, if A has n elements, then its
and B={4,6} are subsets power set P (A) contains exactly
and also B A 2n elements.
1. For any set A, we have
(a) A A=A, (b) A A=A, (c) A =A, (d) A = (e) A U=U Algebra of sets
(f) A U=A, (g) A =A, (h)A A=
2. For any two sets A and B we have SETS
(a) A B = B A, (b) A B= B A, (c) A B (d) B A B
3. For any three sets A,B and C, we have If A and B are two sets, then their
(a) A (B C)= (A B) C, (b) A (B C)= (A B) C The symmetric difference of two sets difference A B is defined as:
(c) A (B C)=(A B) (A C), (d) A (B C)=(A B) (A C) A and B, denoted by A B, in defined A B {x : x A and x B}
(e) A (B C)=(A B) ) (A–C), (f) A–(B C)=(A–B) (A–C) as (A B)=(A–B) (B – A) Similarly, B A {x : x B and x A}
Eg. If A = {1, 2,3,4,5} Eg. If A={1,2,3,4,5,} and B={1,3,5,7,9}
The union of two sets A and B, written as A B (read as A union and B = {1,3,5,7,9} then then
B) is the set of all elements which are either in A or in B in both. (A B)= (A–B) (B – A) A B={2,4} and B A={7,9}
Thus, A B = {x: x A or x B} = {2, 4,} {7, 9} A
B–A
B
clearly, x A B x A or x B and x A B x A and x B = {2, 4, 7, 9}
A B eg: If A = {a, b, c, d} and B ={c, d, e,f }
then A B = {a, b, c, d, e, f} The set of natural numbers If U is a universal set and A is a subset
N={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, } of U, then complement of A is the set
The set of integers which contains those elements of U,
The intersection of two sets A and B, written as A B (read as Z={. . . 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, } which are not present in A and is
C
‘A’ intersection ‘B’) is the set consisting of all the common The set of irrational numbers, denoted by A’ or A . Thus,
elements of A and B. T = {x: x R and x Q} Ac = {x: x U and x A}
Thus, A B = {x : x Aand x B} The set of rational number e.g.: If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, …}
p
Clearly, x A B {x A and x B} and x A B {x A or x Q={x : x = q , p, q Z and q 0} and A = {2, 4, 6, 8, ….}
B}. Relation among these subsets are then Ac = {1, 3, 5, 7, …}
A B Properties of complement
Eg: If A={a,b,c,d} and B={c,d,e,f} N Z Q, Q R,T R, N T
Then A B = {c,d} Interval Notation
Let a and b be real numbers with a < b Complement law:
Region on the
Set of Real Numbers Interval Notation real number line
(i) A A' = U (ii) A A'=
{x|a< x < b} (a, b) De morgan’s Law:
Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint, if A B = i.e, A and B {x|a x < b} [a, b)
(i) (A B)' = A' B' (ii) (A B)' = A' B'
{x|a< x b} (a, b]
have no common element. e.g: if A {1, 3, 5} and B {2, 4, 6} {x|a x b} [a, b] Double Complement law:
Then, A B = , so A and B are disjoint. {x|x < b} (– , b) A' ' A
A B {x|x b} (– , b] Law of empty set and universal set
{x|x >a} (a, )
[a, ) '=U and U'
{x|x >a}
R (– , )
 Mind map : learning made simple Chapter - 2
Definition:
f f

Notations:
x x

pq

x x

f x

Relations
&
Functions
ex x
f x x x Note:
Eg.
f

x x
x x

f x fx x
f x
x
x f x fx x
x x
f
x x
Mind map : learning made simple Chapter - 3

A B
A B
A B
A B

l
l

Trigonometric
Functions

A
A
A
A
A
A

A A
A