Math 7 Week 1

SETS AND SUBSETS
SET
is a well-defined collection or group of distinct object.
the object in a set can be anything:
numbers, letters, symbols, names, things, etc.
Describing Sets:
Two ways writing sets:
 Roster form
 Set- builder form
Roster form
Example:
1. Set E consist of vowels of the English Alphabeth.
E = {a, e, i, o, u}
2. Set F consist of all counting numbers.
F = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,…}
Roster form
Example:
3. Set G consist of names of days in a week.
G = {Monday,Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday}
4. Set H consist of even numbers.

E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14,…}
Set- builder form
Example:
1. H = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15,…}
H = {x I x is an odd number}
2. O = { +, -, /, x}
O = {y I y is a symbol of fundamental arithmetic
operation}
Cardinality of Sets
Finite sets
a definite number of different elements.
Example : E = {a, e, i, o, u}; n(E) = 5
Infinite sets
counting the different elements of those sets cannot come
to an end.
The number of elements of a set is referred to as its cardinality.
Example: E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,…} n(E) =
Example:
Tell whether each set is finite and infinite. Then,
determine its cardinality.
1. H = {x I x is a day of the week}
n(H) = 7
2. M = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49,…}
n(M) =
Subsets
If all the elements of set A are also elements of set B,
then A is a subset of B. In symbol we write:
A⊆B
“A is a subset of B”
Example: L = {1,2,3,4,5} ; M={5,4,3,2,1}
L ⊆ M , also M ⊆ L
Equality of a sets
Two sets A and B are equal, that is A = B, if and only if
A ⊆ B and B ⊆ A.
Proper Subset A ⊂ B
A set A is a proper subset of B if A ⊆ B and A B.
Example:
Write all the subsets of each set and identify all the proper subsets.
a. Q = { x, y}
• The subsets of Q are {x}, {y}, {x,y}, { }. The proper subsets of Q are {x}
and {y}
b. R = {1,2,3}
• The subsets of R are {1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}, and { }. The
proper subsets of R are {1}, {2}, {3}.
Power Sets
If P is a set, then the power set of P consist of all of the
subsets of P. The power set of P is denoted by 2p
Example:
Determine the power set and the cardinal number of each
set.
a. R= {7,11} b. S= {x,y,z}
2r= {{7,11},{7},{11},{ }} 2r=
r
n (2 ) = 4
Basic Sets Operation
Basic Set and Venn Diagram
Example: Illustrate the following set relations with Venn
Diagram.
a. A ⊂ B and A B
U
B
A
b. C= {p,n,o,y} and G= {e,r,a,p}
U C G
E
N Y
P A
O
R
c. D={30} and R={ }
U D R
30
Notice that the set have no elements in common. These are sets
that describe as disjoint.
Disjoint
examples:
1. G={1,3,5,7,9,...} and H= {2,4,6,8,10,...}
2. P= {xIx is consonant} and O= {xIx is a vowel}
Union of sets
The union of two sets A and B is the set whose elements
are those which belong to set A or to set B, or both sets.
In symbol we write:
A B
A∪B
Read as “A union of B”
Example:
Let A= {2,4,6,8}, B= {1,3,5,7} and C= {3,6,9}
Find:
1. A ∪ B =
2. 2. A ∪ C =
3. B ∪ C =
4. A ∪ (B∪ C)=
5. (A ∪ B)∪ C =
6. A ∪ ∅=
In Venn diagram, shade the given set relation
a. A ∪ ∅
A ∅
b. A ∪ (B∪ C)
B
A
C
Intersection of a sets
The intersection of the sets A and B is the set whose
elements are common to set A and set B. In symbol we
write:
A∩B
This is read as “A intersection of B”.
Example:
Let A= {2,4,6,8}, B= {1,3,5,7} and C= {3,6,9}
Find:
1. A ∩ B = { }
2. A ∩ C = {6}
3. B ∩ C =
4. A ∩ (B ∪ C)=
5. (A ∩ B) ∩ C =
a. A ∩ B
b. A ∪ ( B ∩ C)
The difference of the sets
The difference of set A and B is the set whose elements
belong to set A but which do not belong to set B. In
symbol we write:
A–B
Read as “A minus B”
Example:
Let A= {2,4,6,8}, B= {1,3,5,7} and C= {3,6,9}
Find:
1. A –C = {2,4,8}
2. A –B =
3. B –C =
4. (A ∪ B) –C =
5. A –(B ∩ C) =
a. A – B
b. A –B –C A B C
Compliment of a set
The compliment of a set A is the set whose elements are
elements of the universal set that do not belong to A. In
symbol we write:
A’ Read as “A prime”
Example:
Let U = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A= {1,3,5,7,9}, B= {2,3,5,7} C = {1, 8, 9}
Find:
1. A’= {0,2,4,6,8}
2. (A ∪ B)’ =
3. A’ –B’=
3. B ’ =
4. (A ∩ B) ’=
5. (A –B)’=
6. c ’
Let U = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A= {1,3,5,7,9}, B= {2,3,5,7}, C = {6,8,9}
1. A ∪ B =
2. (A ∪ B) –C
3. B ∩ C =
4. A’ –C’
Thank You

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SETS AND SUBSETS

4. Set H consist of even numbers.

A set A is a proper subset of B if A ⊆ B and A B.

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