Chemistry 1 - Questions N Answers

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CHRISTIAN SOCIAL SERVICES COMMISSION
An Ecumenical Body of Tanzania Episcopal Conference and Christian Council of Tanzania
P.O. Box 9433, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
CSSC-SOUTHERN ZONE FORM FOUR PRE-NATIONAL JOINT EXAMINATION
MARKING SCHEME
CODE: 032/1 CHEMISTRY – 1
1. Answers
I ii iii iv V vi vii viii ix x
D B B A A A D B E D
(each 01-mark, Total = 10 Marks)

2. Answers
LIST A I ii iii iv v vi
LIST B D A F C B E
(each 01 - mark, Total 06 Marks)
3. . (a) i. Because helium is lighter than air and it is a non-combustible gas, but hydrogen
is flammable gas despite that it is the lightest gas.
ii. In order to avoid risk from fire, explosions, theft and impact damage. And also to avoid
petrol to evaporate since it is volatile.
iii. It will push the stopper out or break the bottle. Because when water freezes expand.
iv. Because iron will react with oxygen in water and form iron oxide (the rust) that may
cause the steam pipes and boilers to lose their efficiency.
v. In order to protect them from sunlight (outside light) since they can undergo
photochemical decomposition which change their chemical composition entirely and
hence making it unfit for any use.
(1@ = 05 marks)
(b) YES. There are several problems which are experienced by man and other living
organisms due to advancement of chemistry ( 01 mark). Such as
(i) Production of chemicals which affect the environment. E.g Industrial wastes deposited
in water bodies may affect the aquatic life.
(ii) Production of cosmetics from industry may affect man during their application.
(iii) Manufacturing of toxins, oxidizing agents, which endanger human life and other living
organisms.
(iv) Manufacturing of explosives, corrosives, etc, which cause destruction and endanger the
human life. (any 3 points , 1@ = 03 marks)
4. (a) (i) Gas A – hydrogen (0.5Mark)

Gas B – Oxygen (0.5Mark)
- Gas A is tested by pop sound (The sound of small explosion when it burn) (0.5Mark)
- Gas B is tested by relight glowing split test (0.5Mark)
(ii) Physical properties
- Hydrogen is less denser than oxygen (1Mark)
- Hydrogen is not soluble in water but oxygen dissolve in water (1Mark)
Chemical properties
- Hydrogen burns by reduction while oxygen burns by oxidation
- Hydrogen is strong oxidizing agent while hydrogen is strong reducing agent
(1Mark@ = 3)
- Hydrogen burns but oxygen does not burn in air.
- Hydrogen in mixture of chlorine can explode but by oxygen forms multiple type of
compound.
(b) Balanced chemical equation

𝐹𝑒
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g) (1Mark)
𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑡
The role of catalyst is to speed up the rate of reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen by
lowering the activation energy required. (1Mark)
5. (a) Le Chatellier’s Principles state that “if a system is in equilibrium and one
of the factors involved in equilibrium is altered, the equilibrium will shift
so as to oppose the effect of the change”. (02 Marks)
(b) i) To lower temperature and maximize pressure. (02 Marks)
ii) At very low temperature production of Sulphur trioxide will be low
At very high pressure the production will be expensive and difficult
to maintain. (02 Marks)
iii) Vanadium Penta oxide, V2O5. (01 Marks)
iv) The equilibrium will shift to the right-hand side, hence high production
of Sulphur trioxide (SO3) or forward reaction favored. (02 Marks)
6. (a) Temporary hardness of water is caused by dissolved minerals of
hydrogen carbonate of calcium and magnesium.
i.e. Ca (HCO3)2 and Mg (HCO3)2. (01 Mark)
while
permanent hardness of water is caused by dissolved minerals of sulphate
and chloride of calcium and magnesium. CaSO4 and MgSO4. (01 Mark)
(b) temporary hardness can be removed through boiling.
Ca (HCO3)2 --------------------> CaCO3(s). + CO2(g) + H2O(l). (1.5 Marks)
Permanent hardness of water addition of washing soda, Na2CO3.
MgSO4(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) ------------------> MgCO3(s) + Na2SO4(aq). (1.5 Marks)
(c) i) Hard water need much soap.

ii) It causes stains in clothes and utensils.
iii) Affect hair and skin
iv) Hard water decreases efficient of appliances like water boilers, kettles
v) Hard water may cause health problems like typhoid.
(Any four points, @ 01 mark, Total 04 Marks).
7. (a) (i) The gas produced was oxygen (1Mark)
(ii) Volume of oxygen produced at stp = 4.12 dm3
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑂 4.12 𝑑𝑚3
No of moles = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓2𝑎 𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 22.4𝑑𝑚3/𝑚𝑜𝑙 (1Mark)
0.184 moles
From the equation
2O2- → O2+4𝑒 (1Mark)
1 mole of O2 produced from 4 moles of electrons
Moles of electrons = 4 x 0.184
= 0.736 (1Mark)
But 1 mole of electrons = 1 F=96500 C
0.736 moles = 0.736 x 96500 C
= 70996 C (1Mark)
From Q = It
70996 =It
70996
I = 3×60×60
I = 6.57 A (1Mark)
(b) (i) They enable us to represent chemical reactions in a short hand manner.
(ii) Symbols enable scientists all over the world to communicate easily
(1Mark@=3Marks) Only three points
(iii) Symbols identify atoms of elements and distinguish them from other atoms
(iv)Symbols enable us to represent chemical formulas of compounds and elements easily.
8. (a) i) Alkanes
ii) Alkene.
iii) Alkanol or Alcohol. (@ 01 Mark, Total 03 Marks)
Cl
(b) i) CH3 C CH CH2CH3
Cl CH3
ii) CH3 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH CH3

CH3 C2H5 CH3
iii) CH3 CH2CH2 CH C = CH2
Br Br
(Each 02 Marks, Total 06 Marks)
9. i. The ore is first mixed with coke and limestone and roasted in air to remove the moisture.
ii. The hot air of about 16000C is blow and comes into contact with white coke, then burns
to form carbon dioxide. C(s). + O2(g) ----------> CO2(g).
iii. Then carbon dioxide moves up the furnace and reacts with Carbon to give
Carbon monoxide. C(s) + CO2(s) ------------- CO(g).
iv. Carbon monoxide moves up the furnace and reacts with iron ore to form iron and
carbon dioxide. CO(g) + Fe2O3(s) -----------.> 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g).
v. The limestone added into the blast furnace decomposes to give calcium oxide which is
used to removes earthly impurities.
CaCO3(s) ---------------> CaO(s) + CO2(g)
Then
CaO(s) + SiO2 --------------> CaSiO3(s).
(Each 03 Marks, Total 15 Marks)
10. Ways to maintain soil fertility.
i. To prevent soil erosion.
ii. The use of terracing method
iii. Planting of wind breakers.
iv. Mixed cropping or inter cropping.
v. The use of manure.
vi. The use of contour farming methods.
vii. Proper harvesting practice.
viii. Strip cropping.
(any six points, @ 02 Marks, Total 12 Marks)
Introduction 02 Marks and conclusion 01 Mark.
11. Introduction (meaning of Air pollution, environment) (2Marks)
Main body
- Global warming (CO2)
- Plan and ecosystem damage (ozone)
- Enhances the abundance of greenhouse (CO2)
- Formation of acidic rain which has effects to human and environment (ozone)
(2Marks@=12Marks)
- Decreased productivity (CO2)
- Decrease in water quality due to acidic rain (SO2)
Conclusion (1Mark)

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(each 01-mark, Total = 10 Marks)

4. (a) (i) Gas A – hydrogen (0.5Mark)

(b) Balanced chemical equation

(c) i) Hard water need much soap.

ii) CH3 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH CH3

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