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:E>KM BL IKH=N<>= &G ?B@NK> AHP>O>K P> GHM> : MA> K>LNEMBG@ E>O>E H? O:KB:MBHG E>:KER BG #B@NK> MA>
LB@GB?B<:GM <A:G@> BG MA> FHO>F>GM H? MA> <ABE= :G= LI><MKNF BL NL>= MH LAHP MA> <A:G@> BG MA> ?K>JN>G<R H?
MA>K>?HK> MA> IK>L>G<> H? LHF>MABG@ <:EEL MH :E>KM I:K>GML MA>LHNG=?HK>:<ALHNG=<EBI
:G= MABL P:L =BL<HO>K>= ;R MA> :E@HKBMAF :G= :II>:KL BG
MA>L><HG=LAHM#B@NK>
0A>L:F>M><AGBJN> NLBG@?K>JN>G<R=HF:BG P:L:ELH
NL>=MHBFIKHO>MA>:<<NK:<RH?MA>:E@HKBMAF?B@NK>
#B@ -KH<>LLBG@H?;:;ROHB<>K><HK=BG@L
#B@ #HNKLAHMLBGHG> FBGNM>H;L>KO:MBHGLB@GB?B<:GM<A:G@>
0.8 10
Magnitude (dB)
5
Amplitude
0.6
0
0.4 -5
-10
0.2
-15
#B@ /I><MKNFH?MPH:N=BHLG:IL
2
0 -20
2 4 6
Samples
8 10 12 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) ,+ )1/&,+
&GMABL:KMB<E> :LF:KM:G=>??><MBO>LHENMBHGBLH??>K>=
#B@ 0A><HKK>E:MBHG=B??>K>G<>;>MP>>G?HNKLAHML MH :LLBLM =>:? FHMA>KL MH FHGBMHK :G= L:?>@N:K= MA>BK
;:;B>L 0A> H??>K>= LHENMBHG FHGBMHKL MA> BG?:GM ;R
LN@@>LMBG@:LBFIE>P:RMHIKH<>LLMA>LHNG=:G=BF:@>:M
: EHP <HLM 0ABL LHENMBHG IKHO>= MH;> <A>:I :G= K>EB:;E>
:G= :;E> MH BFIE>F>GM : L>M H? JN:EBMB>L MA:M P>K>
IK>OBHNLER HNMEBG>= 0A> IKBO:<R BLLN> A:L ;>>G K>LHEO>=
:LNL>KBG?HKF:MBHGK>F:BGL<HG?B=>GMB:ELBG<>MA>K>BLGH
G>>=MH<HGG><MMHMA>&GM>KG>M M:E:M>KLM:@> P>IE:GMH
BGM>@K:M> MA> FHMA>KL ;K:<>E>M MH K><>BO> :E>KML :;HNM
BG<B=>GMLBGMA><ABE=L>GOBKHGF>GM
Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on September 12,2020 at 04:37:44 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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78 E .:A:E * / & /"+ ! + + :LNABE
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78 ':@:GG:MA ' -HEHLDR + ':@:GG:MA .>LMN<<B: # *>EH=B: 0><AGHEH@R
0 *:<ABG> E>:KGBG@ ?HK PBK>E>LL <HFFNGB<:MBHGL BG MA>
&GM>KG>M H? MABG@L : <HFIK>A>GLBO> LNKO>R = %H< +>MPHKDL 78/>G ":LL: # 5:FBG * ':F;B ( !HN;E>
:<A> IIKH:<A PBMA 3BK>E>LL 0><AGHEH@R ?HK -K>L>KOBG@ 1L>K
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HFFNGB<:MBHGL:G=*H;BE> HFINMBG@ 78 LAHHKB *:KR:F >M :E /H<B:E <HGG><MBHG OB: K>:E MBF> BF:@>
78 ;B/>G E;HNK:>R # ':F;B ( -K>L>KOBG@ IKBO:<R <HFI:KBLHG 1 / -:M>GMIIEB<:MBHG+H
H?LF:KM <BMB>L ;:L>= HG MA> ?H@ <HFINMBG@ &G /F:KM 78 6:BMHNG + * J>E * ' /NKO>R HG BF:@>
LH<B>MB>LBG?K:LMKN<MNK> M><AGHEH@B>L :G= :IIEB<:MBHGL / &0 L>@F>GM:MBHGM><AGBJN>L -KH<>=B: HFINM>K/<B>G<>
/IKBG@>K
78 %:FN=: " $E:OBG * 'HG>L " LNKO>R H? BF:@>
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?HK %>:KBG@ =HE>L<>GML H? !>:? -:K>GML ?B>E= HFINM>KL:G="E><MKHGB<LBG@KB<NEMNK>
(H=:L '!. 78)BMC>GL $ (HHB 0 >CGHK=B " />MBH BHFIB #
78 '>R:K:GC:GB ' +>L:K:GB 'NG> &GM>KG>M H? 0ABG@L ?HK $A:?HHKB:G * /VG<A>S & LNKO>R HG =>>I
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&"""
78 /BG@E>MHG ' ) 0BMME> * ! !>:? I:K>GML :G= MA>BK
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78 !HFBG@H * G HO>KOB>P H? MA> &GM>KG>M H? 0ABG@L ?HK
I>HIE> PBMA =BL:;BEBMB>L CHNKG:E H? +>MPHKD :G= HFINM>K
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7 8 HQ 3 -KN>MM * / >GLHG 0 ' AB:O:<<B / ' #K:GD
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78 'HLAB * - *>A>MK> ! N@NLM &H0 :L>= /F:KM
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78 ):OG>K 5 HA>G . .NBGLDBR ! &'S>KF:G %
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78 /A:KF: / A:MM:<A:KRR: / *NDA>KC>> ' -NKD:BM - (
BLP:L !>; ( ':GN:KR NMHF:M>==>M><MBHGH?
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"B@AMA &GM>KG:MBHG:E HG?>K>G<> HG =O:G<>L BG -:MM>KG
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78+>CD:K 2 +BF;AHKD:K / . -:EBP:E ' ( /AKBO:LM:O
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78 .BO>G>L):?HGM:G / /NG=;R ' "KL=:E % ;>B= * (B=:GMH
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:;R 3:L /:?>\ 3HF>G^L MMBMN=>L :G= ->K<>IMBHGL HG 1LBG@ :
+>P "E><MKHGB< #>M:E %>:KM .:M> *HGBMHK =NKBG@ ):;HK BG
0:GS:GB: &GM>KG:MBHG:E CHNKG:E H? >GOBKHGF>GM:E K>L>:K<A :G=
IN;EB<A>:EMA
78 )BGMB %HKM>K % ,LM>KK>B<A>K - -E:G<D % IKBE
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3HKDLAHI HG 3>:K:;E> :G= &FIE:GM:;E> H=R />GLHK +>MPHKDL
/+ II II &"""
78*BAHOLD: /:KD:K * /F:KM<HGG><MBOBMR?HKBGM>KG>M
H? MABG@L BHM :IIEB<:MBHGL &G+>P =O:G<>L BG MA> &GM>KG>M H?
0ABG@LII /IKBG@>K A:F
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78 /M>O>GL 'K . !H;KHOHEGR / EB@A . - 6H@AB
"O:EN:MBHG H? /:?>MR %:K=P:K> &=>GMB?B<:MBHG *>MAH=L
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.>L>:K<A BK<NE:K "
Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on September 12,2020 at 04:37:44 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.