Module-1

Modern Physics and Quantum Mechanics

5 Marks Questions

1. Explain dual nature of matter. Obtain an expression for de-Broglie’s Wavelength.

2. What are matter waves? List the properties of matter waves.
3. Show that the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated by a potential difference
V volt is λ = 1.226/√V nm.
4. What is a wave function? List out the properties of a wave function.
5. Using uncertainty principle, prove that the electron does not exist inside the nucleus.
6. What are the properties of a wave function?
7. Discuss the physical significance of wave function.
8. a) State De-Broglie hypothesis.
b) Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated through a potential of
120 Volts.
9. a) State Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
b) An electron has a speed of 4.8x105 m/s accurate to 0.012%. With what accuracy the
position of electron can be located.
10. a) Define phase velocity and Group velocity
11. b) Calculate the first 3 permitted energy values for an electron in a box of width 4Å.

10 Marks questions
1. Describe Davisson and Germer`s experiment for confirmation of De-Broglie hypothesis.
2. Set up time independent one dimensional Schrodinger’s wave equation.
3. Apply time independent Schrodinger wave equation to a particle in one dimensional
potential well of infinite height and discuss the solutions for its energy and hence
normalize the wave function.
4. a) Define phase velocity and Group velocity.
b) A particle of mass 0.5MeV /C2 has a kinetic energy 100 eV. Calculate the de-Broglie
 wavelength, group velocity and phase velocity of the de-Broglie wave.
5. a) Explain Eigen function and Eigen values.
b) The ground state energy of an electron in an infinite well is 5.6 Mev. What will be the
ground state energy if the width of the well is doubled?

Module-2

Lasers and Optical Fibers

5 Marks Questions
1. With the help of neat diagrams, explain the different types of interaction of radiation with
matter.
2. Explain the characteristic properties of LASERS.
3. Explain the metastable states and population inversion.
4. Explain the terms: a) modes of propagation, b) acceptance cone
c) numerical aperture, d) V-number and e) fractional index change.
5. Define attenuation. Explain the factors contributing for attenuation in an optical fiber.
6. Discuss the different types of optical fibers with suitable diagrams.
7. Explain how LIDAR is used to detect the atmospheric pollution.
8. Discuss the point-to-point optical fiber communication system and mention its
advantages over the conventional communication systems.
9. A laser operating at 632.8nm emits 3.162x1016 photons per second. Calculate the output
power of the laser if the input power is 100 watts. Also find the percentage power
converted into coherent light energy.
10. An optical fiber has core refractive index 1.5 and refractive index of cladding is 3% less
than the core index. Calculate the numerical aperture, angle of acceptance and internal
critical acceptance angle.
10 Marks questions
1. a) Derive and expression for the energy density in terms of Einstein’s coefficients.
 b) The ratio of population of two energy levels out of which upper one corresponds
to a metastable state is 1.059 × 10−30. Find the wavelength of light emi ed at
330K.
2. a) Explain the construction and working of ND: YAG LASER with energy level diagram.
b) A laser operating at 632.8nm emits 3.162x1016 photons per second. Calculate the
output power of the laser if the input power is 100 watts. Also find the percentage
power converted into coherent light energy.
3. a) Describe the construction and working of CO2 laser with energy band diagram.
b) Explain the applications of lasers welding, cutting, drilling and LIDARS.
4. a) Obtain an expression for numerical aperture in terms of refractive indices of core
and Cladding and then arrive at the condition for propagation.
b) Calculate the numerical aperture, relative refractive index difference, V-number,
and number of modes in an optical fiber of core diameter 50μm, core and cladding
refractive indices 1.41 and 1.40 at wavelength 820 nm
5. a) Discuss the different types of optical fibers with suitable diagrams.
b) The numerical aperture of an optical fiber is 0.2 when surrounded by air. Determine
the refractive index of its core given refractive index of cladding as 1.59. Also find the
acceptance angle when it is in a medium of refractive index 1.33.

Module-3

Conductors and Semiconductors

5 Marks Questions
1. Discuss the aspects in which the classical free electron theory has failed.
2. Outline the assumptions of quantum free electron theory.
3. Differentiate between intrinsic and an extrinsic semiconductor.
4. With the help of a neat diagram, discuss how the photodiode conducts in reverse bias.
5. With the help of a neat diagram, discuss the function of LED.
6. Show that the Fermi level in an intrinsic semiconductor lies exactly midway through
the energy gap.
7. Calculate the probability of an electron occupying an energy level 0.02 eV above the
Fermi level at 200 K and 400 K in a material.
8. Explain the types of semiconductors with examples.
9. Write a note on sensors and sensor technology.
10. Define the terms: a) Relaxation time, b) Mean free path, c) Drift velocity, d) Fermi
factor, e) Fermi Temperature.

10 Marks questions
1. a) Explain how the quantum free electron theory successfully overcome the failures
of classical free electron theory.
b) Find the temperature at which there is 1% probability that a state with an energy
0.5eV above Fermi energy is occupied.
2. a) Explain the variation of Fermi factor with temperature and energy.
b) Use the relation for Fermi factor to calculate the probability of occupation of an
electron occupying the energy level 0.05 eV above the Fermi level at 300K.
3. a) Using the expression for charge career concentration for electrons and holes, show
that Fermi level lies exactly in between the valence band and conduction band in case
of intrinsic semiconductor.
b) Use the following given data for intrinsic germanium at 300 K to find the resistivity.
ni = 2.4 x 1019 m-3, e= 0.39 m2v-1s-1, h = 0.19 m2v-1s-1.
4. a) What is Fermi energy? Discuss how Fermi factor varies with temperature and
energy.
b) Calculate the probability of occupation of an electron occupying the energy level
0.05 eV above the Fermi level at 400K.
5. Discuss the procedure to find the band gap of a semiconductor experimentally with
necessary equations.
6.
 Module-4

Oscillations

5 Marks Questions
1. Define simple harmonic motion.
2. Define the terms a) Amplitude b) Displacement
3. What is Damped oscillation? Give an example.
4. Define Quality factor?
5. What are free oscillations? Give an example.
6. Derive an expression for equivalent force constant for two springs in parallel
combination.
7. Derive an expression for equivalent force constant for two springs connected in series.
8. Define the following a) Displacement b) Amplitude c) Frequency d) Angular frequency
e) Period
9. Define resonance? Obtain the condition for sharpness of resonance with figure.
10. Explain the characteristics of simple harmonic motion with examples.

10 Marks questions
1. Define simple harmonic motion. Derive the differential equation for simple harmonic
motion.
2. Define resonance? Obtain the condition for sharpness resonance with figure.
3. What are shock waves? Explain the properties and applications of Shock waves.
4. With neat labeled diagram explain the construction and working of Reddy`s shock
tube.
5. What are damped oscillations? Derive the differential equation for damped
oscillations.
 Module-5

Elastic Properties of Matter

5 Marks Questions
1. Define elasticity and plasticity.
2. Define stress. Explain the different types of stress.
3. Define strain. Explain the different types of strain.
4. Define Modulus of Elasticity. Explain the different types of Modulus of Elasticity.
5. Explain the factors which affects the elastic property of the materials.
6. What is Poisson's ratio? Explain its physical significance.
7. Discuss the theoretical and practical limits of Poisson's ratio for materials.
8. Define Beam. Explain its different types with diagram.
9. Calculate the extension produced in a wire of length 2m and radius 0.013 × 10 𝑚
due to a force of 14.7 Newton applied along its length. Given, Young’s modulus of
the material of the wire, 2.1 × 10 𝑁/𝑚
10. Calculate the force required to produce an extension of 1mm in steel wire of length
2m and diameter of 1mm, given that Young’s modulus of steel 𝑌 = 20 × 10 𝑁/𝑚

10 Marks questions
1. a) State Hooke’s law. Explain stress strain diagram using Hooke’s law.
A solid lead sphere of radius 10.3 m is subjected to a normal pressure of 10 𝑵/𝒎𝟐
acting all over the surface. Determine the change in its volume. Given Bulk modulus
for lead is 𝟒. 𝟓𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝑵/𝒎𝟐
2. With neat labelled diagram derive the Relation between Young’s modulus (Y), Rigidity
modulus (η) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 Poisson’s Ratio (𝝈).
3. With neat labelled diagram derive an equation for bending moment of beam in terms
of moment of Inertia.
4. With neat labelled diagram derive an equation for Youngs Modulus in case of single
cantilever.
5. a) Derive an Expression for rigidity modulus of the material of a wire in terms of
moment of inertia.
b) When a tangential force of 100 N is applied on one of the faces of cube, it displaces
by 2 mm. If the side of a cube is 10 cm, calculate the rigidity modulus of a cube.