Revised

3rd International Conference on Advances in Civil and Environmental
Engineering (ICACEE-2024)
University of Engineering & Technology Taxila, Pakistan
Conference dates: 21st and 22nd February 2024; ISBN: 978-969-23675-2-3
Simulation Model for Vehicular Traffic Flow at Intersection of Road to

Reduce Traffic Congestion
Muhammad hammad khan1,MuhammadHaris Khan2,MuhammadJawad3

1
Department of Civil Engineering/Qurtuba University of science & Information technology
D.I.khan , Pakistan, hammadkhalil83@gmail.com
2
D.I.khan , Pakistan, Harisgandapur12345@gmail.com
3
D.I.khan , Pakistan, Jawadkhanmahsud786@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This study used PTV VISSIM to analyse traffic flow congestion. For the purpose of modelling,
traffic volume data was initially collected through a visual survey. A traffic simulator is used to
study vehicle traffic at road intersections in order to study traffic management at a city junction.
For every traffic parameter at the suggested intersection, the simulator offers visual and graphical
explanations. It functions as the basic model for simulating traffic at city crossroads
intersections. The recommended PTV simulator is used to simulate different traffic situations.
There are various simulation objects created by this mathematical model. The conclusion
reached is that adding improved systems to the intersection such as distinct underpasses and
signals reduces traffic volume. This paper provides an overview of the methodology utilized in
the process and applies modern developments on intersection.
KEYWORDS: PTV VISSIM, AADT, etc.
1 INTRODUCTION
In order examine their effects on vehicle delays and traffic congestion, this study compares a
traditional design with a shared-space design option. The research develops a microsimulation
traffic modelling method with currently accessible tools that produces enough data for decision-
making processes. According to parameters like delay and travel time. To obtain a conservative
estimate of the shared space's influence on congestion levels, we present an innovative way of
adjusting PTV Vissim's built-in features. The case study location, Dera Ismail Khan Bannu
Adda, was selected because of its well-known delays and traffic congestion.
The PTV Vissim model uses the gathered data as well as a conceptual design drawing, satellite
photos, and a visual survey of the existing road layout as a baseline. The impact of a shared
space design is then evaluated by calculating travel time and delay using this model. In PTV
Vissim, turning movement percentages and vehicle traffic volume were gathered to produce a
realistic model. [1]
Reducing traffic congestion in the modern era demands the application of modern technology
and innovative thinking. Artificial intelligence, sensors, and real-time data are used by smart
Page 1 of 7
traffic management systems to enhance flow and reduce problems. With the help of
comprehensive mobile applications that offer up-to-date information on public transportation,
traffic, and alternative routes, travellers can make well-informed decisions. Examining the use of
self-driving or self-driving cars can reduce accidents and improve traffic flow. [2,3]
By promoting electric cars and other environmentally friendly modes of transportation, the
negative effects of conventional vehicles on the environment and traffic congestion can be
reduced. Urban air mobility is one emerging technology that can be used to reduce ground-level
congestion in densely populated areas. Encouraging telecommuting and flexible work
arrangements reduces the need for transport overall and helps to disperse rush hour traffic. [4]
Many factors contribute to traffic congestion in Dera Ismail Khan City, including a large
population, inadequate infrastructure, an excessive reliance on private vehicles, and inadequate
traffic management. PTV Vissim is a traffic simulation tool that simulates dynamic interactions
between cars, pedestrians, and other traffic factors in order to model and analyse transportation
networks. It consists of network modelling, public transportation modelling, realistic vehicle
dynamics, and traffic control simulation. The application offers a visual representation of
simulation results for traffic pattern and congestion analysis. Users are able to examine potential
outcomes and assess how changes might impact traffic flow. PTV Vissim operates at a
microscopic level and considers individual vehicle behaviour, simplifying data analysis for
performance evaluation and decision-making in transportation planning. [5]
1.1 Problem Statement

Every day, a large number of vehicles travel through dera ismail khan bannu road in order to get
to their destinations. The problem lies in the fact that although this is a crucial road, there are no
underpasses, traffic signals, or special measures in place to control traffic flow. As a result, there
are regularly traffic jams that make driving challenging.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Engineering and research studies are currently coming out rather often as a result of the
numerous shared space project types that have been appearing in several countries. Provides an
overview of the benefits observed at shared space execution in Pakistan.
Furthermore, cities like Dera Ismail Khan, share space-type zones. To increase vehicular traffic,
Jordan is aiming to introduce shared space on routes like Amman's Al Medina Street, which
historically had a strong pedestrian-automobile mix but has lost its character. [6, 7]
It should be noted that shared space has increased pedestrian safety in practically all of the
mentioned installations, which may be related to slower traffic. Moderman’s hypothesis that at
slower speeds, motorists and pedestrians would be able to make eye contact and engage in
"social interaction" with others Recognize each other's actions, and decide on their own,
Accidents have been successfully decreased by effective response and harm Previous attempts
also demonstrate that Both crowded ways have had success with shared space both in rural and
urban locations. Additionally, shared space is linked to a decrease in the majority of traffic
conflict types. In other circumstances, like Poynton, shared spaces have resulted in enhanced
Page 2 of 7
movement of traffic. Yet no published research has been done up until this point to quantify the
congestion benefit or lack of shared space, which is the primary subject of this essay. [8]
3 STUDY METHODOLOGY
3.1 Data Collection of Traffic Volume

The team visited the research site in Dera Ismail Khan, Bannu-Adda, and manually recorded the
traffic volume for one hour at three different times: morning, afternoon, and night using a visual
survey and video recording. Further more using the recorded video to categorize each vehicle
into types such as motorbike, rickshaw, car, and busses. Afterward each vehicle category is
calculated separately.
Figure 01: Intersection on PTV Vissim
3.2 Analysis of Collected Data
Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)

The term AADT, or Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), is specifically used to represent the
average number of vehicles passing a particular point on a road or highway over the course of a
year, multiply the hourly volume with no of hours in a day. This metric is calculated to provide
an average daily traffic volume, and it includes data from all hours of the day.In other words,
AADT takes into account the 24-hour volume of traffic, providing an overall average for each
day of the year. This comprehensive measure is valuable for transportation planning, design, and
management as it helps in understanding the typical traffic patterns and informing decisions
related to road infrastructure.
Weekly Average Traffic

The phrase "Weekly Average Traffic of 7 Days" usually describes the average amount of traffic
for seven days in a row. This measure gives information about the typical traffic volume on a
road or highway over the course of a week. To find the daily average, it is commonly calculated
by multiplying the total number of cars in 24 hours that pass a particular site during the course of
seven days by seven. it's the mean quantity of cars every day for a whole week. In transportation
Page 3 of 7
engineering, this kind of data is important for comprehending weekly traffic trends, which can
help with maintaining and building road infrastructure.
Annual Traffic
"Annual traffic" typically refers to the total volume of vehicles that travel on a road or highway
over the course of a year. This metric is important in transportation engineering for planning,
designing, and managing infrastructure. It is often quantified through measures like Annual
Average Daily Traffic (AADT), which calculates the average number of vehicles passing a
specific point each day throughout the year.
4 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
Hence, we have a “Four-way junction” on which we collected our traffic volume data in three
phases in a day on an hourly basis for each junction, as shown below.
Table 01: Data for Traffic Analysis
Sr. Location ADT AADT AAWT
01 Bannu Road Toward D.I.Khan 58413 79848 112094
02 Bannu Road Toward Bannu 42820 68880 96696
03 Saddar Bazar in 5780 9696 13611
04 Saddar Bazar out 10702 25824 36252
05 River Indus in 6630 11072 15543
06 River Indus out 8630 13584 19069
4.1 Intersection on Site Location
In this research work, the team initially visited the site, conducted actual measurements,
including determining the width of the carriage way, shoulder width, and measuring the side
drain. The team also established the number of lanes Subsequently, the team manually sketched
the road based on these measurements and proceeded to refine the design using AutoCAD.
Page 4 of 7
Figure 02: Intersection Measurements (Auto Cad)
4.2 Simulation Design:

The PTV VISSIM software was opened, the site was located on the map, and a 3D model was
added, including vehicles like rickshaws, motorbikes, cars, and buses. Vehicle types were
adjusted by placing rickshaws under cars and motorbikes under bikes. Next, a vehicle
composition was created, the tram was deleted, the speed for each vehicle was adjusted, links
were drawn and joined based on traffic flow, reduced-speed areas were designated for each lane,
and desired speeds were set for each vehicle class. Additionally, traffic signals with red, green,
and amber colours were added, cycle times were set, and the simulation was finally run in the
software.
Figure 03: Simulation Design (Modeling)
4.3 Results
These are the simulation results which show the traffic density in different time and show the
peak hour volume in which the selected intersection is full of traffic congestion. These
Page 5 of 7
congestion being reduce by the modification of modern traffic system in the modelling of
intersection on the PTV Vissim.
Graph 01: Traffic Density (ADT) Graph 02: Traffic Density (AAWT
Graph 03: Traffic Density (AADT)
5 CONCLUSION:
In this research simple approach to the traffic analysis and reduce the traffic congestion with
reducing traffic density by using simulation modeling on PTV vissim software through the use of
PTV VISSIM software, we controlled traffic flow by employing traffic signals. Vissim software
analysis the collected data and conclude that if improvements are make like signalized
intersection, markings and under pass on actual intersection according to modern design then the
traffic density will be decrease. By decreasing traffic density traffic congestion will also decrease
on the intersection. This is the best method to analyze the traffic volume or improvements make
in this design by modelling the actual intersection on PTV Vissim.
REFERENCES
1. J. S. Carson, ”Introduction to modeling and simulation,” Proceedings of the 2004 Winter

Simulation Conference, 2004., Washington, DC,USA, 2004, pp. 16, doi:
10.1109/WSC.2004.1371297.
2. Y. Yang, et. al,” Research on modelling and simulation in virtual experiment system,”
2009 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Education, doi:
10.1109/ICCSE.2009.5228550.
3. R. Fitzmaurice, et. al, ”Evaluating the impact of modelling assumptions for cascading
failure simulation,” 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012, doi:
10.1109/PESGM.2012.6345378.
Page 6 of 7
4. S. Javaid, A. Sufian, S. Pervaiz and M. Tanveer, ”Smart traffic management system using
Internet of Things,” 2018 20th International Conference on Advanced Communication
Technology (ICACT), doi: 10.23919/ICACT.2018.8323770.
5. M. H. Malhi, M. H. Aslam, F. Saeed, O. Javed and M. Fraz, ”Vision Based Intelligent
Traffic Management System,” 2011 Frontiers of Information Technology, Islamabad,
doi: 10.1109/FIT.2011.33.
6. M. Tawil, C. Reicher, K. Z. Ramadan, and M. Jafari, “Towards more pedestrian friendly
streets in jordan: the case of al medina street in amman,” Journal of Sustainable
Development, vol.7, no. 2, pp. 144–158, 2014.
7. W. A. Leaf and D. F. Preusser, Literature Review on Vehicle Travel Speeds and
Pedestrian Injuries Among Selected Racial/Ethnic Groups, U. S. Department of
Transportation: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, USA,
1999.
8. Kaparias, M. G. H. Bell, W. Dong et al., “Analysis of pedestrian vehicle traffic conflicts
in street designs with elements of shared space,” Transportation Research Record:
Journal of the Transportation Research Board, vol.2393,pp.21–30,2013.
9. Li, Wen, Ding and Yao, Danya ”A Survey of Traffic Control With Vehicular
Communications” Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on. 15. 425-
432. 10.1109/TITS.2013.2277737.
Page 7 of 7

Revised

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Revised

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Revised

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

3rd International Conference on Advances in Civil and Environmental

Simulation Model for Vehicular Traffic Flow at Intersection of Road to

Muhammad hammad khan1,MuhammadHaris Khan2,MuhammadJawad3

KEYWORDS: PTV VISSIM, AADT, etc.

1.1 Problem Statement

3.1 Data Collection of Traffic Volume

Figure 01: Intersection on PTV Vissim

3.2 Analysis of Collected Data

Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)

Weekly Average Traffic

4.1 Intersection on Site Location

Figure 02: Intersection Measurements (Auto Cad)

4.2 Simulation Design:

Figure 03: Simulation Design (Modeling)

Graph 03: Traffic Density (AADT)

1. J. S. Carson, ”Introduction to modeling and simulation,” Proceedings of the 2004 Winter

You might also like