حفر 1

Lecture #1 Overview of the
Drilling Process
lecturer:Ahmed Alsubaih
Email:aaa2r6@mst.edu
Lecture overview
Topics covered • Concepts

– Derrick / mast
Drilling process – Drill stem (drill string)
- Rig types – Bottom Hole Assembly
– Making a connections
1. Land
2. Jackup
3. Platform
4. Submersible
5. Semisubmersible
6. Drill ship
1
E&P IN THE PETROLEUM BUSINESS SYSTEM
Petrochemicals
Transportation
Exploration Development Production and trading Refining
Distribution Retailing
Upstream Midstream Down stream
The Petroleum System
3
For oil and gas reservoirs to exist, all six ingredients
must be present
1. Source rock: Shales rich in

Compaction organic carbon
Structure/closure 2. Heat and pressure: At depth and
over over long periods to generate
Impermeable shale oil/gas from the source rock
stops further movement
3. Migration: The flow of oil/gas from
Porous sandstone source rocks to reservoirs over
or limestone reservoir millions of years
4. Reservoir rock: Porous and
Shale
permeable rock where oil and gas
accumulate
Limestone 5. Seal: Impermeable rock that
serves as a barrier to oil and gas,
preventing it from migrating out of
Heat reservoir rock
Source rock
6. Structure: A geometric structure
that prevents upward migration
12
Geological traps
Structural trap Stratigraphic trap Salt dome and anticline
13
4
Petroleum field life cycle
Exploration Development Production Abandonment
Review existing Land owner permits Operate oil field Abandon field and
geological/ geophysical reinstate property
data Complete Monitor reservoir
development plan performance
Shoot seismic
Facilities and well Develop prod.
Drill exploratory wells design maintenance and
improvement plans
Log and core well and Set performance
sample fluids targets Evaluate ongoing
economic viability of
Well test Final facilities well/field
engineering design
Evaluate data Review scope for
Drill production wells additional investment
Construct, install, and e.g., Service well/

commission perform workovers
production and Stimulate wells, new
export facilities
wells, satellite fields,
Enhance oil recovery 14
Shoot seismic
5
Here is a Drilling Example
6
7
8
9
10
Drilling Rig types
• Drilling rig types bore

and drill holes into the
earth both offshore
and onshore.
• Basic types of drilling
rigs.
1. Land
2. Jackup
3. Platform
4. Submersible
5. Semisubmersible
6. Drill ship
1. Land rigs
11
2. Jackup rigs
12
3. Platform rigs
3. Plat form rigs
Øyvind Hagen , Statoil ASA
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3. Platform rigs
4. Submersible rigs
14
5. Drilling Barge
6. Semi-Submersible rigs
www.offshore.no
15
Transportation of a semi-sub
7. Drill ships
16
Drilling process
Types of Drilling Wells

- Wildcat: New well in area unknown for production
- Exploration: New well in area known for production
- Production: Well drilled in area or field with known production
Obtain drilling and production rights

Decide on Target and TD and reservoir section length,
production method
Design well and plan drilling
Secure drilling appropriate rig and contractor, secure
tools, equipment and service companies
Onsite drilling preparation
Making hole
• There are many parts on the rig but their

main purpose is to make hole.
• The bit is lowered to the bottom, force is

applied on the bit (weight on bit) and the
drill string is rotated to fracture the rock.
• The bit is at the bottom of a drill string (or

drill stem) that is connected to the traveling
block which is a part of the hoisting system.
• Drilling fluids is pumped down the drill string

and removes the excavated rock called
drilling cuttings away from the bit and up
the wellbore
17
Drill string
• Drill string consists of drill pipe and a bottom hole

assembly (BHA)
• BHA is everything below the drill pipe
• For a vertical well we need a simple bottom hole assembly

consisting the following (from top to bottom)
– Drill collar or heavy weight drill pipe

– Jar to hammer the drill string free if you get stuck
– A drill bit to fracture the rock and create hole
Drill string components

Drill pipe
Simple BHA Complex BHA
(vertical well) (deviated well)
Stabilizer
Drill pipe
HW drill pipe
Stabilizer
HW drill pipe
Drill collar
Jar
Jar Drill collar

Stabilizer
Drill collar MWD/LWD
Bit sub Motor or RSS

Bit Bit sub
Bit
18
Drill Pipe
Drill pipe is to weak to be in

compression and can not
provide weight on the bit.
Drill collar
19
Drill bit
• Is used to excavate
the rock at the
bottom of the well
• The weight on the
bit is created by the
weight of drill
collars.
Making Making
a a
Connection Trip
20
Making a mouse hole connection
Moving Kelly
to Single in
Mousehole Single
Added.
Stabbing Ready to
the Pipe Drill
Making a mouse hole connection - cont’d
21
Making a trip
Why
trip?
Use
Elevators
Put Kelly in
for
Rathole
tripping
Tripping
one stand
at a time
60-90 ft
Making a trip - cont’d
22

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حفر 1

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Lecture #1 Overview of the

Topics covered • Concepts

Upstream Midstream Down stream

The Petroleum System

1. Source rock: Shales rich in

Structural trap Stratigraphic trap Salt dome and anticline

Construct, install, and e.g., Service well/

• Drilling rig types bore

3. Plat form rigs

Øyvind Hagen , Statoil ASA

Types of Drilling Wells

Obtain drilling and production rights

• There are many parts on the rig but their

• The bit is lowered to the bottom, force is

• The bit is at the bottom of a drill string (or

• Drilling fluids is pumped down the drill string

• Drill string consists of drill pipe and a bottom hole

• BHA is everything below the drill pipe

• For a vertical well we need a simple bottom hole assembly

– Drill collar or heavy weight drill pipe

Drill string components

Jar Drill collar

Drill collar MWD/LWD

Bit sub Motor or RSS

Drill pipe is to weak to be in

Making a mouse hole connection - cont’d

Making a trip - cont’d

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